Abstract: A DRAM structure includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of DRAM cells, a Bitline, a sense amplifier, and a local wordline. The semiconductor substrate has a top surface. Each DRAM cell includes an access transistor and a storage capacitor. The Bitline has a first terminal extended along the plurality of DRAM cells to a second terminal, and the Bitline is coupled to each access transistor of the plurality of DRAM cells. The sense amplifier is coupled to the first terminal of the Bitline. The local wordline is connected to a gate terminal of the access transistor of a first DRAM cell in the plurality of DRAM cells. A refresh cycle time, a write cycle time, or a read cycle time of the DRAM structure is less than 5 ns.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a punctured preamble enabling wireless devices to efficiently use a channel (e.g., an 80 or 160 MHz channel) where a primary service is operating. A Wideband Channel Access Mechanism for 20 MHz/80 MHz operating STAs is provided so that a 20 MHz/80 MHz operating STA can dynamically move to a secondary channel to improve wireless performance of the STA. An AP coordinates the operating channel switch of the 20 MHz/80 MHz operating STA. An EHT cooperative multi-band operation can be applied to the preamble punctured PPDU0 for simultaneous multi-band operation.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g., an access point (AP) establishes a plurality of links comprising a primary link and at least a secondary link. The apparatus transmits a management frame on the primary link to indicate a multi-link capability of the AP. The apparatus configures the secondary link for one or more non-AP stations (STAs), which are capable of operating on the primary link and the secondary link, with multi-link capability and operating parameters through an association procedure on the primary link.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a first low-k dielectric layer having a first k value, and a second low-k dielectric layer having a second k value lower than the first k value. The second low-k dielectric layer is overlying the first low-k dielectric layer. A dual damascene structure includes a via with a portion in the first low-k dielectric layer, and a metal line over and joined to the via. The metal line includes a portion in the second low-k dielectric layer.

Abstract: A wireless communication method employed by an access point (AP) includes: negotiating with another AP for setting up a coordinated service period (SP), and sending a first announcement frame inside a first basic service set (BSS) to inform that the coordinated SP has been created. The step of negotiating with the another AP for setting up the coordinated SP includes: receiving a request frame from the another AP, wherein the request frame includes a plurality of SP parameters; and sending a response frame to the another AP. The AP belongs to the first BSS, and the another AP belongs to a second BSS different from the first BSS.

Abstract: A first station (STA) and a second STA perform bandwidth negotiation with a bandwidth extension indication. Then the first STA and the second STA communicate wirelessly according to the bandwidth negotiation.

Abstract: An access point (AP) includes a transmitter (TX) circuit, a receiver (RX) circuit, and a control circuit. The control circuit negotiates with at least one another AP via the TX circuit and the RX circuit, for setting up a coordinated service period (SP). In addition, a method for setting up the coordinated SP in a multiple AP environment includes: sending a request frame from a first AP to at least one second AP, wherein the request frame includes a plurality of SP parameters; receiving a response frame generated from the at least one second AP in response to the request frame; and in response to the response frame, setting up the coordinated SP by sending a setup frame to the at least one another AP, wherein the setup frame is set by updating at least a portion of the plurality of SP parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g., an access point (AP) or a non-AP station (STA)) detects a non-primary subband of an operating bandwidth comprising a primary subband and the non-primary subband to be idle. The apparatus controls a transmit power in performing transmission on at least the non-primary subband.

Abstract: Various techniques and schemes pertaining to extremely-high throughput (EHT) multi-link maximum channel switching in wireless communications are described. A station (STA) multi-link device (MLD) receives an indication from a reporting access point (AP) affiliated with an AP MLD on one link of multiple links. The STA MLD determines a channel switching time when a reported AP switches from operating in a current channel of the reported AP to operating in a new channel on one other link of the multiple links based on the indication.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g., an access point (AP)) announces to one or more stations (STAs), in a frame, one or more preamble detection (PD) channels in a frequency segment such that each of the one or more STAs monitors a respective one of the one or more PD channels to detect any transmission on the one or more PD channels. The apparatus then wirelessly communicates with at least one of the one or more STAs on one of the one or more PD channels during a transmission opportunity (TXOP).

Abstract: A device detects a primary channel busy for an operating bandwidth having a plurality of channel segments comprising the primary channel and at least one non-primary channel. In response to detecting the primary channel busy, the device obtains a transmission opportunity (TXOP) through a first non-primary channel of the at least one non-primary channel. Then, the device performs a transmission at least on the first non-primary channel during the TXOP.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming an electronic component over a substrate; forming a first insulating layer over the electronic component; forming a contact plug extending through the first insulating layer to the electronic component, wherein the contact plug includes a first portion formed of a conductive material and a second portion formed of an oxide of the conductive material disposed over the first portion; performing a treatment to expose the contact plug and the first insulating layer to a gas mixture of N2 and NH3; after performing the treatment, forming a second insulating layer over the contact plug and the first insulating layer; and forming an interconnect in the second insulating layer and in contact with the contact plug.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for providing wideband channel access to wireless devices, such as 20 MHz only wireless stations. A trigger frame is transmitted by a wireless AP to a wireless STA over a secondary wireless channel. An HE TB PPDU is received by the wireless AP from the wireless STA over the secondary wireless channel responsive to the trigger frame. The devices can switch operating channels for wireless communication to the secondary wireless channel within an existing TXOP.

Abstract: A station (STA) for communicating with an Access Point (AP) in a wireless communication system is provided. The STA may include a wireless transceiver and a processor. The wireless transceiver may be configured to perform wireless transmission and reception to and from the AP. The processor may be configured to receive allocation information from the AP via the wireless transceiver, wherein the allocation information indicates at least one user block and at least one stream for the STA, wherein each resource unit (RU) in a Physical layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprises at least one user block, and send Uplink (UL) data or receive Downlink (DL) data in the at least one user block to or from the AP via the wireless transceiver according to the allocation information.

Abstract: Null Data Packet Sounding for preamble punctured Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for efficient use of a wireless channel bandwidth where a primary service co-exists.

Abstract: A device obtains a transmission opportunity (TXOP) in a wideband operating bandwidth comprising a primary channel and a plurality of non-primary channels. The device initiates a frame exchange to reserve the TXOP for TXOP sharing. The device also performs a data transmission within the TXOP on one or more of the plurality of non-primary channels. The device then shares the primary channel with a basic service set (BSS) after the frame exchange.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes: forming a first conductive feature in a first dielectric layer disposed over a substrate; forming a metal cap layer over an upper surface of the first conductive feature distal from the substrate; selectively forming a dielectric cap layer over an upper surface of the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the metal cap layer, wherein the metal cap layer is exposed by the dielectric cap layer; and forming an etch stop layer stack over the metal cap layer and the dielectric cap layer, wherein the etch stop layer stack comprises a plurality of etch stop layers.

Abstract: System and method of using an AP to individually controlling RTS/CTS duration thresholds for multiple STAs in a WLAN. In response to a STA's association request, the AP determines a duration threshold specific to the STA and encloses this information in an association request response for transmission to the STA. By using a broadcast frame, the AP may instruct multiple STAs to uniformly update their stored duration thresholds. For example, if the duration threshold field in the beacon frame is set to 0, the multiple STAs preserve their current duration thresholds; if the field is set to a non-zero value less than 1023, the multiple STAs all update their duration thresholds to the non-zero value; if this field is set to 1023, the multiple STAs disable the RTS/CTS transmissions. Based on a current threshold and pertinent policies, an STA can decide whether to initiate an RTS/CTS transmission sequence.

Abstract: A first station (STA) and a second STA perform bandwidth negotiation with a bandwidth extension indication. Then the first STA and the second STA communicate wirelessly according to the bandwidth negotiation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are drawn to systems, apparatus and methods that provide TSF information for a non-primary link to a non-AP STA operating on a primary link to avoid IDC interference and improve wireless throughput and efficiency. The TSF information includes a TSF offset value used to determining the timing of subsequent transmissions over different wireless links. The TSF offset value can be carried in a beacon frame, probe response frame, association frame, through a Reduced Neighbor Report element or a multi-link element, for example. Beacon frames can include timestamp and TSF offset information transmitted periodically. Some wireless links may share a TSF clock or have fixed TSF offsets.