Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a punctured preamble enabling wireless devices to efficiently use a channel (e.g., an 80 or 160 MHz channel) where a primary service is operating. A Wideband Channel Access Mechanism for 20 MHz/80 MHz operating STAs is provided so that a 20 MHz/80 MHz operating STA can dynamically move to a secondary channel to improve wireless performance of the STA. An AP coordinates the operating channel switch of the 20 MHz/80 MHz operating STA. An EHT cooperative multi-band operation can be applied to the preamble punctured PPDU for simultaneous multi-band operation.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a first low-k dielectric layer having a first k value, and a second low-k dielectric layer having a second k value lower than the first k value. The second low-k dielectric layer is overlying the first low-k dielectric layer. A dual damascene structure includes a via with a portion in the first low-k dielectric layer, and a metal line over and joined to the via. The metal line includes a portion in the second low-k dielectric layer.

Abstract: A data unit (e.g., a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU)) is detected at a first wireless device of a basic service set (BSS). The data unit was sent on a channel from a second wireless device of an overlapping basic service set (OBSS). The data unit is wide-bandwidth, occupying both a primary channel and a secondary channel of the wireless network. The first and second wireless devices are within a same spatial reuse group (SRG). The first wireless device stores the channel bandwidth of the data unit and a receive duration time of the data unit. During the receive duration time of the data unit, a SRG OBSS power density threshold is applied on the secondary channels that are within the channel bandwidth of the data unit, instead of applying a non-SRG OBSS power density threshold on those secondary channels.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing secure ranging measurements between wireless devices are disclosed herein according to embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments use key values to indicate which LTF sequence (e.g., LTF measurement exchange) to use for performing wireless ranging measurements. A LTF sequence that is received by a wireless device that does not correspond with the associated key value is determined to be invalid. Invalid LTF sequences may be disregarded as signal noise.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a first low-k dielectric layer having a first k value, and a second low-k dielectric layer having a second k value lower than the first k value. The second low-k dielectric layer is overlying the first low-k dielectric layer. A dual damascene structure includes a via with a portion in the first low-k dielectric layer, and a metal line over and joined to the via. The metal line includes a portion in the second low-k dielectric layer.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide apparatus and methods for performing HARQ operations using parallel HARQ threads, where each new transmission of a Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)/Aggregate-MPDU (A-MPDU)/Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU) triggers the activation of a HARQ thread. Each HARQ thread contains one or more HARQ coding words or coding units. A HARQ thread index is setup by a transmission opportunity (TXOP) holder for a corresponding PSDU and is used to identify HARQ threads. Transmission information such as duration in formation for PPDUs including BA/HARQ-ACK feedback such as RX/TX addresses, etc. can be determined according to previous transmission values of a received PPDU (e.g., values of a MAC or PHY header).

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide apparatus and methods for performing HARQ operations using parallel HARQ threads, where each new transmission of a MPDU/A-MPDU/PSDU triggers the activation of a HARQ thread. Each HARQ thread contains one or more HARQ coding words or coding units. A HARQ thread index is setup by a transmission opportunity (TXOP) holder for a corresponding PSDU and is used to identify HARQ threads. Multiple HARQ threads can be aggregated into one PPDU for transmission (or retransmission). The maximum number of HARQ threads can be negotiated between AP and non-AP STAs based on buffer requirements, for example. A HARQ thread can end when all MPDUs associated with the HARQ thread have been decoded or other predetermined conditions are met.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an improved switching mechanism for multi-link devices that can perform frame exchanges using multiple spatial streams and automatically switch back to a listening mode on enabled links deterministically for improved throughput and reduced latency. Embodiments of the present invention are suitable for multi-link operations performed using a multi-radio device or a single-radio device.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of multi-link operations with respect to a first link and a second link obtains a second transmission opportunity (TXOP) on the second link after one other apparatus has started a first TXOP on the first link. The apparatus performs one or more transmissions during the second TXOP on the second link such that the second TXOP is at least partially synchronized with the first TXOP on the first link.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for providing wideband channel access to wireless devices, such as 20 MHz only wireless stations. A trigger frame is transmitted by a wireless AP to a wireless STA over a secondary wireless channel. An HE TB PPDU is received by the wireless AP from the wireless STA over the secondary wireless channel responsive to the trigger frame. The devices can switch operating channels for wireless communication to the secondary wireless channel within an existing TXOP.

Abstract: An access point (AP) includes a transmitter (TX) circuit, a receiver (RX) circuit, and a control circuit. The control circuit negotiates with at least one another AP via the TX circuit and the RX circuit, for setting up a coordinated service period (SP). In addition, a method for setting up the coordinated SP in a multiple AP environment includes: sending a request frame from a first AP to at least one second AP, wherein the request frame includes a plurality of SP parameters; receiving a response frame generated from the at least one second AP in response to the request frame; and in response to the response frame, setting up the coordinated SP by sending a setup frame to the at least one another AP, wherein the setup frame is set by updating at least a portion of the plurality of SP parameters.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for providing wideband channel access to wireless devices, such as 20 MHz only wireless stations. A Target Wakeup Time (TWT) Channel field contains a bitmap indicating a temporary primary channel for using during a TWT Service Period (SP). The temporary primary channel is determined through a negotiation between a requesting STA and a responding STA, and the responding STA assigns resource units (RUs) to the requesting STA according to the temporary primary channel. After the TWT SP, the requesting STA switches back to a primary channel.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes: forming a first conductive feature in a first dielectric layer disposed over a substrate; forming a metal cap layer over an upper surface of the first conductive feature distal from the substrate; selectively forming a dielectric cap layer over an upper surface of the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the metal cap layer, wherein the metal cap layer is exposed by the dielectric cap layer; and forming an etch stop layer stack over the metal cap layer and the dielectric cap layer, wherein the etch stop layer stack comprises a plurality of etch stop layers.

Abstract: The present disclosure, in some embodiments, relates to a method of forming an integrated chip. The method may be performed by forming a first capping layer on a dielectric structure over a substrate, and patterning the dielectric structure and the first capping layer to define cavities within the dielectric structure. A conductive material is formed within the cavities and a second capping layer is formed on the conductive material. An etch stop layer is formed along sidewalls and over an upper surface of the second capping layer. The etch stop layer has a first thickness over the first capping layer and a second thickness over the second capping layer. The first thickness is greater than the second thickness.

Abstract: Null Data Packet Sounding for preamble punctured Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for efficient use of a wireless channel bandwidth where a primary service co-exists.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a blocker plate, including a plate body having a plurality of through holes, a first zone from a center to a first radius of the plate body, having a first conductance, a second zone from the first radius to a second radius of the plate body, having a second conductance, a third zone from the second radius to a third radius of the plate body, having a third conductance, wherein the first radius is smaller than the second radius, the second radius is smaller than the third radius, and the second conductance is greater than the first conductance. A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus including the blocker plate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A projection system, a protection circuit and a current monitoring method of an image resolution enhancement device are provided. A light valve converts an illumination beam into an image beam. The image resolution enhancement device changes a transmission path of the image beam according to a driving current. The protection circuit detects the driving current. When the driving current is greater than or equal to a first current threshold, the protection circuit further compares the driving current with a second current threshold. When a duration time that the driving current is smaller than the second current threshold and greater than or equal to the first current threshold is greater than or equal to a time threshold, the protection circuit decreases the driving current to be smaller than the first current threshold to control the image resolution enhancement device. The projection lens converts the image beam into a projection beam.

Abstract: A first station (STA) and a second STA perform bandwidth negotiation with a bandwidth extension indication. Then the first STA and the second STA communicate wirelessly according to the bandwidth negotiation.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g., an access point (AP) or a non-AP station (STA)) detects a non-primary subband of an operating bandwidth comprising a primary subband and the non-primary subband to be idle. The apparatus controls a transmit power in performing transmission on at least the non-primary subband.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g., an access point (AP)) announces to one or more stations (STAs), in a frame, one or more preamble detection (PD) channels in a frequency segment such that each of the one or more STAs monitors a respective one of the one or more PD channels to detect any transmission on the one or more PD channels. The apparatus then wirelessly communicates with at least one of the one or more STAs on one of the one or more PD channels during a transmission opportunity (TXOP).