Abstract: This invention is a thermoacoustic sonar system for detecting a target that is located at or beneath the surface of the water. The foregoing system comprises a laser or particle accelerator that is located above the water and a plurality of passive receivers that are located on or above the water. The laser produces a light beam whose amplitude is subsequently modulated or whose pulses are varied in time. A particle accelerator would produce a pulsed particle beam that varies in time. These modulated or varied pulses are focused or deflected to a small layer of water at the air/water interface so that the beam will be absorbed by the water causing the water to produce an acoustic signal that may propagate to a target where the acoustic signal will be reflected and possibly detected by one or more passive receivers.

Abstract: A connecting-rod has the axes (16) of the cap screws, or bolts, (4) inclined to each other. The big end housing (3,2) is of reduced width and has protruding bearing shells (11). The stem has a cross section of minimum perimeter in the central portion.

Abstract: A method and structure for shoring a generally vertical face of an excavation, wherein the face and adjacent ground are defined by soft shale or rock, or stiff soil, is disclosed. A plurality of relatively small diameter, relatively closely spaced and generally vertical holes are drilled into the ground adjacent a plane defining the face. Vertical rods are grouted in the holes to form generally vertical columns. Horizontal bars, and preferably, also tiebacks are inserted into the face and ground in a substantially horizontal direction as the excavation proceeds. The bars and tiebacks are connected to the columns.

Abstract: Spent ethylene glycol recovered from polyester manufacture contains dissolved antimony catalyst residues and other impurities. Prior to distillation of the spent glycol to recover purified ethylene glycol, the antimony compounds are removed by adjusting the pH of the spent glycol to about 2 to 7, preferably 5 to 7, preferably by adding an organic acid (e.g., acetic acid) adding an alkali metal borohydride (e.g., sodium borohydride) in the absence of oxygen and with intimate mixing to form a metallic antimony precipitate, and recovering the precipitate. The process is further improved by adding a catalytic amount of a strong inorganic base, e.g., sodium hydroxide, prior to the pH adjustment step, to convert any terephthalyl values to dihydroxyethyl terephthalate which can be recovered.

Abstract: A sensitive, noise-free ellipsometer measures depolarization of an incident beam by forming from the reference and signal components of the incident beam a signal component polarized in one direction, and a frequency shifted local oscillator component polarized in the same direction, with these latter components being optically heterodyned at a detector. In the formation of the local oscillator component, the reference component of the incident beam is shifted in frequency from that of the signal component of the incident beam and rotated 90.degree. from its original orientation so that optical heterodyning can take place. This is accomplished by passing the incident beam through a shear-wave, traveling wave acoustic modulator which forms local oscillator and signal beams, each having rotated and frequency shifted components, and unrotated and unshifted components.