Abstract: Examples relate to providing hyperspectral scanning of a surface. In some examples, motion capture data of unobstructed portions of the surface are captured, and spectral data of the surface are captured through a slit assembly and diffraction grating. The motion capture data are processed to determine a movement of a scanning device. At this stage, the spectral data are translated and rotated based on the movement of the scanning device to generate images that each correspond to a different color channel.

Abstract: One example includes an apparatus that includes a plurality of input/output (I/O) ports and a body portion. The plurality of I/O ports can be arranged at a plurality of peripheral surfaces of the body portion. The body portion includes a solid dielectric material having a substantially constant index of refraction. The body portion also includes parallel planar surfaces spaced apart by and bounded by the plurality of peripheral surfaces. The solid dielectric material in the body portion can be writable via a laser-writing process to form an optical waveguide extending between a set of the plurality of I/O ports.

Abstract: One example includes an optical port-shuffling module. The module includes a plurality of inputs to receive a respective plurality of optical signals. The module also includes a plurality of outputs to provide the respective plurality of optical signals from the optical port-shuffling module. The module further includes a plurality of total-internal-reflection (TIR) mirrors arranged in optical paths of at least a portion of the plurality of optical signals to reflect the at least a portion of the plurality of optical signals to at least a portion of the plurality of outputs to shuffle the plurality of optical signals between the plurality of inputs and the plurality of outputs.

Abstract: One example includes an optical fiber interface. The interface includes a first substrate comprising a pair of opposing surfaces. The substrate includes an opening extending therethrough that defines an inner periphery. One surface of the opposing surfaces of the first substrate can be configured to be bonded to a given surface of a second substrate. The interface also includes a plurality of optical fibers secured to the other opposing surface of the first substrate and extending inwardly from a plurality of surfaces of the inner periphery at fixed locations to align the set of optical fibers to optical inputs/outputs (I/O) of an optical system chip that is coupled to the given surface of the second substrate and received through the opening.

Abstract: Plasmonic avalanche photodetection employs an optical antenna and an avalanche photodiode (APD) coupled to the optical antenna. Hot carriers generated by light incident on the optical antenna are received in an avalanche multiplication region of the APD where avalanche multiplication of the hot carriers is provided.

Abstract: An example device in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure includes a diamond waveguide disposed on a substrate. The substrate includes a dielectric material. A tuner is to extend from the substrate, and is disposed at least in part over the waveguide. The tuner includes a tuner electrode to control a variable distance between the tuner and the waveguide to vary an effective refractive index of the waveguide.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus and methods using diffraction-based illumination are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a diffraction grating to redirect light from a light source toward a sample to thereby illuminate the sample. The example apparatus also includes an image sensor to detect a diffraction pattern created by the illuminated sample.

Abstract: A system includes a non-uniform grating having a first region with a first refractive index and second regions with a second refractive index. A pattern of the second regions varies with an angular coordinate such that phase shifts of an incident beam created by the grating cause destructive interference that creates an intensity minimum within an output beam from the grating.

Abstract: A directional backlight is disclosed. The directional backlight has a plurality of light sources to generate a plurality of input planar lightbeams. The plurality of input planar lightbeams illuminates a directional backplane that has a plurality of directional pixels to scatter the plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. Each directional lightbeam has a direction and angular spread controlled by characteristics of a directional pixel in the plurality of directional pixels. The directional backlight can be used to generate a 3D image by specifying the characteristics of the directional pixels in the directional backplane.

Abstract: A device includes a first region, a multiplication region, a second region, and an absorption region. The first region is associated with a first terminal, and the second region is associated with a second terminal. The first region is separated from the second region by the multiplication region. The absorption region is disposed on the multiplication region and associated with a third terminal. A multiplication region electric field is independently controllable with respect to an absorption region electric field, based on the first terminal, the second terminal, and the third terminal.

Abstract: A directional backlight is disclosed. The directional backlight has a plurality of light sources to generate a plurality of input planar lightbeams. The plurality of input planar lightbeams illuminates a directional backplane that has a plurality of directional pixels to scatter the plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. Each directional lightbeam has a direction and angular spread controlled by characteristics of a directional pixel in the plurality of directional pixels. The directional backlight can be used to generate a 3D image by specifying the characteristics of the directional pixels in the directional backplane.

Abstract: A multiview 3D telepresence system is disclosed. The system includes an integral imaging capture system and a direct view display system. The integral imaging capture system has a microlens array and a plurality of image sensors to generate a plurality of input image views. The direct view display system has a directional backplane with a plurality of directional pixels to scatter a plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. A shutter layer in the direct view display system receives the plurality of input image views from the integral imaging capture system and modulates the plurality of directional lightbeams to generate a plurality of output image views for display.

Abstract: Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting includes a light guide and a multibeam diffraction grating at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide light from a light source. The multibeam diffraction grating is to couple out a portion of the guided light using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled out portion away from the light guide as a plurality of light beams with different principal angular directions.

Abstract: A directional backlight has a directional backplane that has a plurality of directional pixels configured to scatter a plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. Each directional lightbeam has a direction and angular spread controlled by characteristics of a directional pixel in the plurality of directional pixels. A modulation layer having a plurality of modulators configured to modulate the plurality of directional lightbeams. The directional backlight is configured to generate a 3D image with multiple views by specifying the characteristics of the directional pixels in the directional backplane.

Abstract: An example apparatus may include a light source for illuminating a sample, an objective lens positioned on a light path extending from the sample, a lenslet array having a plurality of lenslets and positioned along the light path to receive light from the objective lens. The lenslet array may be positioned along the light path at substantially a Fourier plane of the sample. The example apparatus may also include a detector positioned along the light path approximately one lenslet focal length from the lenslet array. The plurality of lenslets of the lenslet array may correspond to portions of the detector. Each lenslet of the lenslet array may transmit to a corresponding portion of the detector an image of the same portion of the sample from a different viewing angle.

Abstract: An avalanche photodiode with a defect-assisted silicon absorption region. An example includes a substrate; a layer of silicon on the substrate, the layer of silicon including a positively-doped region, a negatively-doped region, and an absorption region between the positively-doped and negatively-doped regions, the absorption region including defects in its crystal structure; and contacts in electrical communication with the positively-doped and negatively-doped regions to receive a bias potential.

Abstract: A directional grating-based backlight includes a light guide to guide light and three sets of diffraction gratings. The diffraction grating sets are to selectively couple out portions of light to be guided by the light guide. The light is to propagate within the light guide in three different propagation directions separated in angle by about 120 degrees. The sets of diffraction gratings are to couple out different portions of the guided light as substantially collimated light using diffraction coupling. The substantially collimated light is to be emitted from the directional grating-based backlight in substantially the same direction.

Abstract: A directional backlight is disclosed. The directional backlight has a directional backplane that has a plurality of directional pixels to scatter a plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. Each directional lightbeam has a direction and angular spread controlled by characteristics of a directional pixel in the plurality of directional pixels. A modulation layer having a plurality of modulators modulates the plurality of directional lightbeams. The directional backlight can be used to generate a 3D image with multiple views by specifying the characteristics of the directional pixels in the directional backplane.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for analyzing light by mode interference are provided. An example of an apparatus for analyzing light by mode interference includes a number of waveguides to support in a multimode region two modes of the light of a particular polarization and a plurality of scattering objects offset from a center of at least one of the number of waveguides.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for micro-ring optical resonators are provided. An example of a micro-ring optical resonator apparatus includes an array of input waveguides with each input waveguide optically coupled to an array of micro-rings, an output waveguide operatively associated with each of the micro-rings, and a scattering object operatively associated with each of the micro-rings, wherein the scattering object is connected to the output waveguide.