Abstract: Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting includes a light guide and a multibeam diffraction grating at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide light from a light source. The multibeam diffraction grating is to couple out a portion of the guided light using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled out portion away from the light guide as a plurality of light beams with different principal angular directions.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to display systems for viewing three-dimensional images. In one aspect, a viewing system that enables a viewer to perceive depth in a three-dimensional image includes a right-eye ocular system positioned in the line of sight of the viewer's right eye, and a left-eye ocular system positioned in the line of sight of the viewer's left eye. The right-eye ocular system and the left-eye ocular system are configured to display corresponding stereo right-eye and left-eye image pairs of the three-dimensional image at various distances from the viewer's eyes.

Abstract: Compact photonics platforms and methods of forming the same are provided. An example of a compact photonics platform includes a layered structure having an active region along a longitudinal axis, a facet having an angle no less than a critical angle formed at least one longitudinal end of the active region, and a waveguide having at least one grating coupler positioned in alignment with the angled facet to couple light out to or in from the waveguide.

Abstract: A device includes a first region, a multiplication region, a second region, and an absorption region. The first region is associated with a first terminal, and the second region is associated with a second terminal. The first region is separated from the second region by the multiplication region. The absorption region is disposed on the multiplication region and associated with a third terminal. A multiplication region electric field is independently controllable with respect to an absorption region electric field, based on the first terminal, the second terminal, and the third terminal.

Abstract: An avalanche photodiode with a defect-assisted silicon absorption region. An example includes a substrate; a layer of silicon on the substrate, the layer of silicon including a positively-doped region, a negatively-doped region, and an absorption region between the positively-doped and negatively-doped regions, the absorption region including defects in its crystal structure; and contacts in electrical communication with the positively-doped and negatively-doped regions to receive a bias potential.

Abstract: Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting includes a light guide and a multibeam diffraction grating at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide light from a light source. The multibeam diffraction grating is to couple out a portion of the guided light using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled out portion away from the light guide as a plurality of light beams with different principal angular directions.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for analyzing light by mode interference are provided. An example of an apparatus for analyzing light by mode interference includes a number of waveguides to support in a multimode region two modes of the light of a particular polarization and a plurality of scattering objects offset from a center of at least one of the number of waveguides.

Abstract: A directional backlight is disclosed. The directional backlight has a plurality of light sources to generate a plurality of input planar lightbeams. The plurality of input planar lightbeams illuminates a directional backplane that has a plurality of directional pixels to scatter the plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. Each directional lightbeam has a direction and angular spread controlled by characteristics of a directional pixel in the plurality of directional pixels. The directional backlight can be used to generate a 3D image by specifying the characteristics of the directional pixels in the directional backplane.

Abstract: A directional backlight is disclosed. The directional backlight has a directional backplane that has a plurality of directional pixels to scatter a plurality of input planar lightbeams into a plurality of directional lightbeams. Each directional lightbeam has a direction and angular spread controlled by characteristics of a directional pixel in the plurality of directional pixels. A modulation layer having a plurality of modulators modulates the plurality of directional lightbeams. The directional backlight can be used to generate a 3D image with multiple views by specifying the characteristics of the directional pixels in the directional backplane.

Abstract: A quantum device includes a resonator and a tuning structure. The tuning structure is made a material such as a chalcogenide and is positioned to interact with the electromagnetic radiation in the resonator so that a resonant mode of the first resonator depends on a characteristic of the tuning structure. The resonator is optically coupled so that a transition between quantum states associated with a defect produces electromagnetic radiation in the resonator. The characteristic of the tuning structure is adjustable after fabrication of the resonator and the tuning structure.

Abstract: A process for entangling quantum states of respective quantum systems measures electromagnetic radiation emitted from a first system and from a second system. The two systems are exposed to excitation radiation having a probability per time of producing a photon, and an interference element is coupled to receive photons from the first and second systems. The process further includes measuring a time during which the first and second systems were exposed to the excitation radiation before a photon is detected on either output channel of the interference element and applying an electromagnetic pulse that causes a relative phase shift of a portion of a quantum state of the first and second systems. Parameters of the electromagnetic pulse are selected based on measurements of the electromagnetic radiation from the first and second systems and the time measured.

Abstract: A resonant cavity, including a gain medium and a color center formed in the gain medium, is to be used for lasing in a system. The color center includes a lower laser level based on a plurality of spin states that are affected by a magnetic field. A gain associated with the system depends on the plurality of spin states. The system is to produce light based on lasing by the resonant cavity in response to application of pump energy to pump the color center. An intensity of the produced light is affected by the magnetic field in the presence of microwaves.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes an array of pixels, with each of the pixels having a dimension smaller than a wavelength of light to be modulated. Each of the pixels further has a permittivity that can be controlled using an electronic signal applied to the pixel.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy includes an optical waveguide, a plurality of flexible nano-structures, wherein the plurality of nano-structures have respective free ends positioned within an evanescent field to be generated by light propagated through the optical waveguide, wherein the plurality of nano-structures are movable from a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the free ends of the plurality of nano-structures are substantially spaced from each other and in the second position, the free ends of a plurality of the nano-structures are substantially in contact with each other.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for micro-ring optical resonators are provided. An example of a micro-ring optical resonator apparatus includes an array of input waveguides with each input waveguide optically coupled to an array of micro-rings, an output waveguide operatively associated with each of the micro-rings, and a scattering object operatively associated with each of the micro-rings, wherein the scattering object is connected to the output waveguide.

Abstract: A process for entangling quantum states of respective quantum systems measures electromagnetic radiation emitted from a first system and from a second system. The two systems are exposed to excitation radiation having a probability per time of producing a photon, and an interference element is coupled to receive photons from the first and second systems. The process further includes measuring a time during which the first and second systems were exposed to the excitation radiation before a photon is detected on either output channel of the interference element and applying an electromagnetic pulse that causes a relative phase shift of a portion of a quantum state of the first and second systems. Parameters of the electromagnetic pulse are selected based on measurements of the electromagnetic radiation from the first and second systems and the time measured.

Abstract: A quantum device includes a resonator and a tuning structure. The tuning structure is made a material such as a chalcogenide and is positioned to interact with the electromagnetic radiation in the resonator so that a resonant mode of the first resonator depends on a characteristic of the tuning structure. The resonator is optically coupled so that a transition between quantum states associated with a defect produces electromagnetic radiation in the resonator. The characteristic of the tuning structure is adjustable after fabrication of the resonator and the tuning structure.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to display systems for viewing three-dimensional images. In one aspect, a viewing system that enables a viewer to perceive depth in a three-dimensional image includes a right-eye ocular system positioned in the line of sight of the viewer's right eye, and a left-eye ocular system positioned in the line of sight of the viewer's left eye. The right-eye ocular system and the left-eye ocular system are configured to display corresponding stereo right-eye and left-eye image pairs of the three-dimensional image at various distances from the viewer's eyes.

Abstract: A system includes a non-uniform grating having a first region with a first refractive index and second regions with a second refractive index. A pattern of the second regions varies with an angular coordinate such that phase shifts of an incident beam created by the grating cause destructive interference that creates an intensity minimum within an output beam from the grating.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy includes an optical waveguide, a plurality of flexible nano-structures, wherein the plurality of nano-structures have respective free ends positioned within an evanescent field to be generated by light propagated through the optical waveguide, wherein the plurality of nano-structures are movable from a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the free ends of the plurality of nano-structures are substantially spaced from each other and in the second position, the free ends of a plurality of the nano-structures are substantially in contact with each other.