Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used, and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Fluorinated alcohols are alkyoxylated using catalysts which provide reaction products having low surface tensions and which are stable in severe acidic conditions.

Abstract: Novel magnesium disiloxide compounds and methods for their preparation are disclosed. The magnesium disiloxides so obtained are useful starting materials for the preparation of active catalysts for olefin polymerizations.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cation-exchange resin is disclosed. The process comprises:(a) treating a chlorine-containing material, which is the distillation residue obtained by chlorinating or oxychlorinating a C.sub.2 -C.sub.40 hydrocarbon, with a sulfonating agent,(b) treating the admixture of step (a) with water and an organic solvent until the product shows a substantially neutral pH, and(c) removing the volatile materials to obtain a solid material which is suitable for use as a cation-exchange resin.

Abstract: Butylation of a mixture of xylenols and trimethylphenols gives a product which is suitable for use as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. The material can be added to the reactor during polymerization as a shortstopper and retain effectiveness as a stabilizer in the finished polymer.

Abstract: 2,6-xylenol admixed with meta,para-cresol is reacted with methanol in a contact with a titanium/SO.sub.4 /magnesium oxide catalyst to yield a product stream which can be readily distilled to give 2,6-xylenol in high purity. The particular catalyst used allows low loss of 2,6-xylenol during the reactions and low amounts of side products obtained.

Abstract: Butylation of a mixture of xylenols and trimethylphenols gives a product which is suitable for use as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. The material can be added to the reactor during polymerization as a short-stopper and retain effectiveness as a stabilizer in the finished polymer.

Abstract: Phenol-formaldehyde resoles and novalacs are cured at temperatures of from about 0.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. and at pressures ranging from about atmospheric pressure to about 5 atmospheres to produce highly cross-linked resins when divinylbenzene is used as a cross-linking agent together with a minor amount of an acidic catalyst.

Abstract: Predominantly aliphatic lower hydrocarbon materials may be obtained from carbonaceous solids by a sequence of steps comprising gasifying the carbonaceous solids, combining the gasification product stream with first and second internal recycle streams, separating certain impurities from the combined stream followed by cooling to liquefy and separate the hydrocarbon materials, directly reacting the remaining carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first internal recycle stream, fractionating the separated hydrocarbon materials to separate and recover the predominantly aliphatic lower hydrocarbon materials from the higher hydrocarbon materials, subjecting the higher hydrocarbon materials to steam cracking to produce a second internal recycle stream, and recycling the internal recycle streams for combination with the gasification product stream as noted above.

Abstract: A process for preparing o-benzylphenol is disclosed. The process comprises heating benzyl phenyl ether, either in liquid or vapor phase, in the presence of an effective amount of activated alumina catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols is disclosed. The method comprises heating a mixture of mono- or di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols and an alcohol, which is benzyl alcohol or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 aliphatic alcohol, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of alumina. The product contains at least one hydrocarbyl substituent corresponding to the hydrocarbon moiety of the alcohol used in the process. A typical process employs 4,6-di-t-butyl-m-cresol and isopropanol to prepare a product mixture containing a substantial amount of thymol.

Abstract: A process for preparing cresols from di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols, wherein the hydrocarbyl groups contain from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, is disclosed. In the process the di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresol is contacted with a catalyst (e.g. alumina) in the liquid phase at elevated temperatures and pressure. 4,6-di-t-butyl-m-cresol is a typical feedstock.

Abstract: A method for the production of n-alkylated cresylic acids such as n-hexyl resorcinol by direct alkylation of a cresylic acid such as resorcinol under liquid phase conditions.

Abstract: A process for preparing ortho-substituted cinnamyl phenols is disclosed. The process comprises heating a mixture of cinnamyl alcohol and phenol in the presence of an effective amount of activated alumina.

Abstract: A process for preparing o-benzylphenol in high selectivity is disclosed. The process comprises heating a mixture of benzyl alcohol and phenol in the presence of an effective amount of activated alumina as a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing methyl-substituted phenols is disclosed. The method comprises heating a mixture of mono- or di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols and methanol at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of magnesium oxide.

Abstract: A method for the disposal of 2-chloroethanol by conversion to readily biodegradable ethylene glycol comprising;(1) extracting 2-chloroethanol into a neutral or acidic aqueous solution;(2) adjusting the pH of the solution to at least 10 and heating to a temperature of from about 25.degree. C to about 100.degree. C to form ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol,(3) stripping the basic solution of (2) to obtain a basic aqueous phase and a distillate, the basic aqueous phase being disposed, and(4) condensing and hydrolyzing the distillate and(5) stripping said hydrolysate, recovering the volatile organic portion, and(6) disposing of ethylene glycol in aqueous solution.

Abstract: Cresols and xylenols are prepared by reacting a mixture of tetramethylphenols and pentamethylphenol with phenol in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: Trimethylhydroquinone is prepared by reacting 4-methoxyphenol with methanol over MgO or MgO promoted with oxides of aluminum, uranium, titanium, cerium, manganese, zinc, and iron at temperatures of from about 350.degree. C to about 550.degree. C and pressures up to about 1,000 pounds per square inch gauge.