Abstract: Methods for forming a gate dielectric layer on a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, the method includes forming a silicon oxide layer on a silicon substrate, depositing a silicon nitride layer on the silicon oxide layer by a thermal process, wherein the silicon oxide layer and the silicon nitride layer are utilized as a gate dielectric layer in a gate structure, and thermally annealing the substrate. In another embodiment, the method includes forming a silicon oxide layer on the silicon substrate with a thickness less than 15 ?, plasma treating the silicon oxide layer, depositing a silicon nitride layer on the silicon oxide layer with a thickness less than 15 ? by a thermal process, wherein the silicon oxide layer and the silicon nitride layer are utilized as a gate dielectric layer in a gate structure, plasma treating the silicon nitride layer; and thermally annealing the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a stable concentrated dairy liquid, such as concentrated milk, with improved flavor, color, and mouthfeel, and a method of production thereof. The method utilizes specific thermal treatments to produce the stable concentrated dairy liquid to which a stabilizer and mouthfeel enhancer are added. The resulting products have a sterilization value Fo of at least 5 that is also resistant to gelling and browning during high temperature sterilization and is also resistant to gelling and browning during storage for greater than six months. The method balances such thermal treatments with addition of stabilizer and enhancer to achieve the desired flavor/mouthfeel and sterilization and to achieve reduced level of soluble protein in the concentrated milk prior to concentration to resist gelation and minimize browning. Moreover, such processing may be utilized in a milk that is concentrated to a factor of 2.7 fold or higher and contains at least 8.5 percent protein.

Abstract: A system and a method for multimedia multicast transmission in a mobile wireless network are proposed, which can be applied in a multiple-antenna system as well as a single antenna system. The basic message and additional message are transmitted at the same time. Receivers with different capability also with different complexities are used to demodulate different message. In order to design low-complexity receiver, the signal can be demodulated noncoherently for multimedia transmission.

Abstract: Constant-bitrate rate control is very useful for real-time video transmission. However, it is difficult to realize a good CBR rate control in an MPEG4-AVC video codec. According to the invention, an adapted ?-domain rate control processing for real-time rate control is applied, whereby ? is the percentage of zero amplitude transform coefficients following quantisation. A couple of tables are used for mapping between the quantization parameters and ?. A detailed analysis at transform-level is carried out in order to get the slope of the relationship between the bitrate and ?. The slope of the linear model is constrained by a look-ahead procedure with respect to the neighbour frames or blocks.

Abstract: A method for de-authenticating a client device from a network based on a credit based access control is disclosed. The method comprises receiving by an access point (AP) in the network a user request for user access from the client device according to an authentication protocol and transmitting by the AP an access request to an authentication server in response to the user request. The AP receives an access response from the authentication server authenticating the user access for the client device, where the access response contains a parameter having a value indicative of the length of available continued access of the client device to the network based on remaining user credit. The then transmits a re-authentication request to the authentication server when the parameter value reaches a threshold to cause a re-authentication of the client device with the network to occur before granting further access to the network by the client device.

Abstract: A wireless Local Area Network provides data service through a data LAN and also provides video broadcast service through a video LAN. A wireless LAN subscriber accesses the video LAN through one of a plurality of Video Access Points (VAPs) that broadcast multiple video programs on a channel having a frequency different than the frequency over which the subscriber accesses the data LAN. Each VAP maintains the video channel in a one-way broadcast-only mode to prevent a wireless LAN subscriber from seeking to uplink information on that channel. In this way, the wireless LAN can employ a common protocol for both data and video transmission, and deliver the video streams at the maximum permissible downlink transmission rate.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) adheres to ANSI/IEEE 802.11 standards and communicates with user terminals (UTs) in a coverage region. The WLAN communicates video and audio to the mobile terminals over a downlink channel. In order to maximize quality of service, the system provides for a method of inhibiting the mobiles terminals from attempting to gain control of the downlink channel during transmission of program information. In particular, the WLAN access point transmits data frames that are separated in inter-frame time period that is shorter than a first inter-frame period defined by the communications standard for allowing a device to gain control of the transmission channel.

Abstract: Secure access by a mobile wireless terminal of a wireless telephony network is achieved by having a Home Location Register store the terminal's temporary and permanent identities. Upon accessing the network following initial registration, the terminal sends a temporary identity to a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN). If no serving node in the network knows the terminal, the terminal need not sent its permanent identity in clear as was previously required. Rather, the serving node need only query the HLR since the HLR can map the terminal's temporary identity to its permanent identity. In this way, the permanent identity of the mobile wireless terminal remains secure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for transferring data packets through a protocol stack employed by the device for transmitting packets on a packet connection to a wireless network, said wireless network operating at least two, distinct wireless access technologies such as GSM/GPRS and UMTS. The packet transfer process generally comprises each layer of a protocol stack for a currently active packet connection path providing confirmation to a next, higher layer in the stack of successful reception of a data packet from that layer, thereby confirming successful transfer of the data packet through the stack. The first layer of the stack stores a copy of a transferred packet until such time as its receives confirmation from the next, lower layer of successful transfer of the packet of the stack.

Abstract: A laser system includes an optically pumped laser resonator that produces a fundamental-wavelength beam. A temperature-tuned frequency converter outside the laser resonator converts a portion of the fundamental-wavelength beam to a frequency-converted beam. The frequency converter includes at least one temperature-tuned optically nonlinear crystal. The power and position of the frequency-converted beam are dependent on the temperature of the optically nonlinear crystal and the optical pumping power. The power and position of the frequency-converted beam are monitored. The temperature of the optically nonlinear crystal is adjusted to maintain the frequency-converted beam at a predetermined position. The optical pump power is adjusted to maintain the power of the frequency-converted beam at a predetermined level.

Abstract: A method for mapping from an MPEG-2 transport stream to an IP-based RTP/UDP/IP stack for broadcasting service in a WLAN. All the mapping functions may be performed in a receiver transcoder (FIG. 2). Mobile devices such as laptop computers, cell phones and PDAs have limited battery power, CPU processing and memory resources. To reduce CPU processing power and consumption battery power in these devices certain data processing functions are achieved in the communicating systems, such as the de-multiplexer function that typically prepares an MPEG-2 for retransmission at the local level. When a transcoder, capable of de-multiplexing and MPEG-2 transport stream receives a program it de-multiplexes the stream based on PIDs assigned to each transport packet. This de-multiplexing function extracts several components from a transport stream: video and audio PES/ES associated with programs and PSI (PAT and PMTs).

Abstract: There is provided a method for supporting an internetworking between a WLAN and a mobile communications network. The mobile communications network, for example UMTS network, has a GPRS support node and a serving GPRS support node. The internetworking is facilitated by an IWF. The method comprises the steps of establishing at least one GPRS tunneling protocol tunnel between the IWF and the GGSN for transferring data signals, and establishing at least one GPRS (tunneling protocol tunnel between the GGSN and the SGSN for transferring control signals.

Abstract: An optical transceiver for converting and coupling an information-containing electrical signal with an optical fiber includes a housing and coupled rigid and flex printed circuit boards. The housing includes a fiber optic connector adapted for coupling with an external optical fiber for transmitting and/or receiving an optical communications signal. The rigid printed circuit board is within the housing and includes an electrical connector for coupling with an external electrical cable or information system device, and for transmitting and/or receiving an information-containing electrical communications signal. A first interface connector is for receiving or transferring the electrical signal. A flexible printed circuit board is also within the housing and coupled to the rigid printed circuit board, including a second interface connector for mating with the first interface connector, and transmitting or receiving the electrical signal to or from the rigid printed circuit board.

Abstract: A telecommunications system includes a Public Land Mobile Network for providing wireless service to users and a wireless local area network functioning outside the said PLMN as a separate PLMN. An inter-PLMN backbone interfaces the WLAN to the PLMN, and an interworking function is coupled to the WLAN to provide seamless interactions between the PLMN and the WLAN to increase available service bandwidth provided for users of the PLMN.

Abstract: A public wireless LAN permits receipt of non-authentication traffic, such as access information requests, from a mobile wireless communications device prior to device authentication by partially opening a controlled port within an access point. The wireless LAN re-directs such non-authentication traffic received at the AP from the mobile wireless communications to a local web server. The local web server provides reply to the mobile wireless communications device, enabling a determination by the device whether or not to request access. The device seeks access by way of an access request received at the AP. In response, the AP re-directs the access request through an uncontrolled port in the AP to an access server that authenticates device. Upon successful device authentication, the AP fully opens its controlled port to permit the exchange of traffic through that port with the mobile wireless communications device.

Abstract: A system for employing a wireless local area network (WLAN) as a cellular network routing area includes a cellular network, which is capable of determining a location where a service request is made. The cellular network includes a packet-based support node B, which determines if the request can be serviced through a WLAN, which is identified in the cellular network as a routing area. Packet data protocol context is maintained while servicing the request using the WLAN to provide smooth interworking between the WLAN and the cellular network.

Abstract: There is provided a method of supporting an interworking between a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a mobile communications network. The interworking is facilitated by an interworking function (IWF) disposed on a WLAN side of the interworking. The method comprises the step of connecting the WLAN to the mobile communications network by employing the IWF as an auxiliary radio network controller for the mobile communications network, in particular, a drift radio network controller (DRNC) in a UMTS network.

Abstract: A mobile wireless terminal, upon transitioning from a wireless telephony network to a wireless Local Area Network (LAN), seeks identification by sending the same identity information used for identification in the wireless telephony network. Upon receipt of the identity information, a wireless LAN Access Server in the wireless telephony network identifies a Serving General Packet Radio Service Serving Node (SGSN) that had last served the wireless terminal in the wireless telephony network prior to transition. The wireless LAN Access Server forwards the identity information to the SGSN, which, in turn, provides an identification response for validating the terminal.

Abstract: A system for transferring content includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a network module provided within the WLAN or a cellular network to alert users of available content in the WLAN and handle user requests made for content when a user has access to the cellular network. The network module, which may comprise an interworking function, delivers the content to the user through the WLAN when the user is present in a coverage area of the WLAN. The invention allows a user to view the programs available for download and request a specific program using a relatively low speed network, such as a cellular network, and download the program through a high speed network, such as a WLAN.

Abstract: An interface for connecting networks includes an interworking function provided between a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a public mobile land network (PLMN) to provide communication interactions between the PLMN and the WLAN. The interworking function includes a dual-protocol stack, which interfaces the WLAN protocols and PLMN protocols to provide seamless communications between the WLAN and the PLMN such that an increase in available service bandwidth provided for users of the PLMN is maintained.