Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for efficiently transmitting packets to MSs in a BWA system using RSs. A BS uses an ESH to combines packets, which are to be transmitted through RSs to MSs, into a larger packet prior to transmission. Alternatively, the BS transmits packets, which are to be transmitted to MSs, to an RS without discrimination therebetween, and the RS determines whether the packets are to be transmitted to the MSs, prior to transmission.

Abstract: A flexible disposable spout removably mounted to the inwardly extending flanges found in certain types of cans, particularly paint cans, to ensure that its contents are properly poured out and no contact is made with the can itself. The spout has a cylindrical or frustoconical shape with two ends. At least one of the ends has two parallel and peripherally extending ridge members that are kept at a predetermined spaced apart relationship with respect to each other to cooperatively engage with the inwardly extending flange defining the can opening. The other end may be designed to also accept the same type of inward flange for an opening of a different size typically associated with a can of a different capacity or the same capacity with different opening dimensions. Thus the spout's cylindrical portion has a frustoconical shape.

Abstract: Given the current operating condition of a power-generating system (obtained from real-time data), the near-term (e.g., after 25 min.) load demand at each bus (obtained from short-term load forecast) and the generation dispatch (based on economic dispatch), a load margin measure (MW and/or MVAR) is determined in order to assess the system's ability to withstand the forecasted load and generation variations. The invention has a method to predict near-term (e.g., after 25 min.) system voltage profiles. The proposed look-ahead measure and/or the system voltage profiles are then applied to contingency selections for the near-term power system, in terms of load margins to collapse and bus voltage magnitudes. The proposed load margin measure and the voltage profiles are based on the power flow technique and the saddle-node bifurcation theory.

Abstract: A method for on-line dynamic contingency screening of electric power systems employs a sequence of contingency classifiers which are based on a method for finding the controlling unstable equilibrium point of the power system known as the boundary of stability region based controlling unstable equilibrium point method (BCU method). Dynamic security assessment of the power system is accomplished by evaluating the power system's response to a plurality of postulated disturbances known as contingencies. The BCU classifiers determine which of these contingencies are definitely stable, and require no further analysis. Other contingencies which are either classified as being unstable or undecided are then applied to a time-domain simulation program to determine if they are in fact unstable, and therefor warrant further action.