Abstract: A network device for forwarding packets includes a plurality of interfaces including at least a source interface and a destination interface and a bridge module. The bridge module includes a receiving sub-module, a parsing sub-module, and a sending sub-module. The receiving sub-module receives a packet via the source interface. The parsing sub-module includes a media access control (MAC) table for saving MAC addresses and identifiers of interfaces corresponding to the MAC addresses, parses the packet to retrieve a destination MAC address of the packet, and queries the MAC table to retrieve an identifier of the destination interface. The sending sub-module receives the packet and the identifier of the destination interface, and sends the packet to the destination interface. The parsing sub-module determines whether the network device has an interface mirroring function, and sends the packet to a mirror interface if the network device has the interface mirroring function.

Abstract: A network device (10) for retrieving voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) configuration parameters includes an automatic dialing module, an asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) module, a connection determining module, a sending module, and a parsing module. The automatic dialing module provides automatic dialing connections. The ADSL module provides ADSL connections. The connection determining module determines whether an automatic dialing connection and an ADSL connection of the network device are normal. The sending module communicates with the connection determining module and a server for sending a data retrieval request to the server. The response determining module communicates with the server for determining whether a response received from the server is correct. The parsing module communicates with the response determining module and the server for receiving data sent by the server corresponding to the data retrieval request and parsing the data to determine VoIP configuration parameters.

Abstract: A voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) modem (100) includes a service determination module (111), a circuit determination module (112), a line determination module (113), and a command determination module (115). The service determination module determines whether asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) service is available. The circuit determination module determines whether a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) chip is normal. The line determination module determines whether a public switched telephone network (PSTN) line is idle. The command determination module determines whether a media gateway control protocol (MGCP) command is successfully exchanged. If ADSL service is available, the SLIC chip is normal, the PSTN line is idle, and the MGCP command is successfully exchanged, the VoIP modem determines that VoIP service is available. A method for detecting whether VoIP service is available is also provided.

Abstract: A spoon consists of a oval-shaped bowl and a handle. The bowl has a neck which is fastened with one end of the handle. The handle is extendable and is composed of a primary handle and a secondary handle. The primary handle is provided at the proximal end thereof with a connection portion dimensioned to fit into a receiving slot of the neck of the bowl. The primary handle is provided therein with a channel extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the primary handle. The secondary handle is slidably received in the channel of the primary handle and is provided at the proximal end thereof with a retaining projection engageable with a retaining hole located at the distal end of the primary handle for locating the secondary handle which is fully extended.