Abstract: A chip applied to a serial transmission system includes an input terminal, a core circuit, an output terminal, a first transmission line, a second transmission line and a spare transmission line, where the input terminal is used to receive an input signal from a source outside the chip, the output terminal is used to output an output signal, the first transmission lines is coupled between the input terminal and the core circuit, the second transmission line is coupled between the core circuit and the output terminal, and the spare transmission line is coupled between the input terminal and the output terminal. When the core circuit cannot process the input terminal normally, the input signal is directly transmitted to the output terminal via the spare transmission line, and the input signal serves as the output signal to be outputted from the output terminal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving circuit for a vibration motor and a driving method for the vibration motor. The driving circuit comprises: a detecting unit, coupled to the vibration motor, for detecting rotating position and rotating speed of the vibration motor and accordingly generating a detecting result; and a control unit, coupled to the detecting unit and the vibration motor, for controlling acceleration and deceleration of the vibration motor according to the detecting result. The driving method comprises: providing a detecting unit for detecting rotating position and rotating speed of the vibration motor and accordingly generating a detecting result; and providing a control unit for controlling acceleration and deceleration of the vibration motor according to the detecting result.

Abstract: A shunt protection module and method for series connected devices use multiple shunt semiconductors and a control unit. The shunt semiconductors correspond respectively to multiple target devices. Each shunt semiconductor connects to a corresponding target device in parallel. The control unit connects to trigger terminals of the shunt semiconductors. Because each shunt semiconductor has a characteristic that with the higher voltage the trigger terminal is input, the lower the electrical potential difference between shunt terminals is, and the control unit outputs a trigger voltage that is equal to the electrical potential difference on at least two adjacent target devices to the shunt semiconductor corresponding to a failed target device, an electrical potential difference on the shunt semiconductor is low when it operates. The shunt protection module and method ensure providing high trigger voltage to the shunt semiconductor corresponding to the failed target device.

Abstract: A chip applied to a serial transmission system includes an input terminal, a core circuit, an output terminal, a first transmission line, a second transmission line and a spare transmission line, where the input terminal is used to receive an input signal from a source outside the chip, the output terminal is used to output an output signal, the first transmission lines is coupled between the input terminal and the core circuit, the second transmission line is coupled between the core circuit and the output terminal, and the spare transmission line is coupled between the input terminal and the output terminal. When the core circuit cannot process the input terminal normally, the input signal is directly transmitted to the output terminal via the spare transmission line, and the input signal serves as the output signal to be outputted from the output terminal.

Abstract: A PWM circuit that can have two fresh rates, including: a first PWM signal generator and a second PWM signal generator; wherein the first PWM signal generator and the second PWM signal generator respectively control refresh rates in two dimensions of an output data generated from a target apparatus. A PWM signal generation method that can have two fresh rates, including: generating a first PWM signal; generating a second PWM signal; and controlling refresh rates in different dimensions of an output data generated from a target apparatus respectively by using the first PWM signal and the second PWM signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens cell set includes a plurality of liquid crystal lenses overlapping to each other. Each of the liquid crystal lenses is supported between a pair of flat layers. One of the layers supports a planar electrode made of ITO. The other electrode, also formed of ITO, is supported in the center of the opposing substrate and projects toward the center of the liquid crystal layer. A power supply creates a potential difference between the electrodes and imposes a non-uniform electric field on the liquid crystal modules which aligns them in which a way as to act as a lens. By varying voltage between the electrodes the focal length of the lens may be controlled. A central electrode may be in the form of a beam or of a pointed tip. An electrode having a central hole may be associated with the central electrode or the planar electrode.

Abstract: A power generating device includes a carrier module, a stator module, a rotor module and a power generating module. The stator module is assembled to the carrier module, and has a first circuit board and a plurality of driving coils. The rotor module is located in an electromagnetic field, and has a multipolar magnetic rotor and a rotating axle. A magnetic field of the multipolar magnetic rotor interacts with the electromagnetic field to make the rotor module rotating relative to the stator module, and make the multipolar magnetic rotor producing a varying magnetic field. The power generating module is located in the varying magnetic field, and has a second circuit board and a plurality of induction coils. The induction coils induct the varying magnetic field to output an induction circuit to the second circuit board.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens including a plurality of electrodes and a substrate is provided. A plurality of parallel electric fields is formed by controlling the potentials of the electrodes, so as to speed up the mechanism for toppling the liquid crystal molecules. In other words, the liquid crystal lens has a high respond time. In addition, a plurality of active devices is disposed at the sides of the electrodes in the liquid crystal lens, in which the active devices are electrically connected to the electrodes. When the active devices are driven, a current is formed on the electrodes, so as to raise the temperature of the liquid crystal lens. Accordingly, the liquid crystal lens can be operated in a low temperature environment.

Abstract: A shunt protection module and method for series connected devices use multiple shunt semiconductors and a control unit. The shunt semiconductors correspond respectively to multiple target devices. Each shunt semiconductor connects to a corresponding target device in parallel. The control unit connects to trigger terminals of the shunt semiconductors. Because each shunt semiconductor has a characteristic that with the higher voltage the trigger terminal is input, the lower the electrical potential difference between shunt terminals is, and the control unit outputs a trigger voltage that is equal to the electrical potential difference on at least two adjacent target devices to the shunt semiconductor corresponding to a failed target device, an electrical potential difference on the shunt semiconductor is low when it operates. The shunt protection module and method ensure providing high trigger voltage to the shunt semiconductor corresponding to the failed target device.

Abstract: A power generating device includes a carrier module, a stator module, a rotor module and a power generating module. The stator module is assembled to the carrier module, and has a first circuit board and a plurality of driving coils. The rotor module is located in an electromagnetic field, and has a multipolar magnetic rotor and a rotating axle. A magnetic field of the multipolar magnetic rotor interacts with the electromagnetic field to make the rotor module rotating relative to the stator module, and make the multipolar magnetic rotor producing a varying magnetic field. The power generating module is located in the varying magnetic field, and has a second circuit board and a plurality of induction coils. The induction coils induct the varying magnetic field to output an induction circuit to the second circuit board.

Abstract: A power generating device includes a carrier module, a stator module, a rotor module and a power generating module. The stator module is assembled to the carrier module, and has a first circuit board and a plurality of driving coils. The rotor module is located in an electromagnetic field, and has a multipolar magnetic rotor and a rotating axle. A magnetic field of the multipolar magnetic rotor interacts with the electromagnetic field to make the rotor module rotating relative to the stator module, and make the multipolar magnetic rotor producing a varying magnetic field. The power generating module is located in the varying magnetic field, and has a second circuit board and a plurality of induction coils. The induction coils induct the varying magnetic field to output an induction circuit to the second circuit board.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens cell set includes a plurality of liquid crystal lenses overlapping to each other. Each of the liquid crystal lenses is supported between a pair of flat layers. One of the layers supports a planar electrode made of ITO. The other electrode, also formed of ITO, is supported in the center of the opposing substrate and projects toward the center of the liquid crystal layer. A power supply creates a potential difference between the electrodes and imposes a non-uniform electric field on the liquid crystal modules which aligns them in which a way as to act as a lens. By varying voltage between the electrodes the focal length of the lens may be controlled. A central electrode may be in the form of a beam or of a pointed tip. An electrode having a central hole may be associated with the central electrode or the planar electrode.

Abstract: A 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens is provided. In the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens, at least two layers of a plurality of active device arrays are stacked on a first substrate, and a plurality of liquid crystal layer are respectively disposed on the active device arrays. Then, a driving voltage applied on each active device array is suitably controlled to control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, so as to generate a refractive index distribution similar to gradient-index lens in the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens. Therefore, the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens has a focusing function for focusing/diverging the light, similar to a convex lens or a concave lens. A method for manufacturing the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens including a plurality of electrodes and a substrate is provided. A plurality of parallel electric fields is formed by controlling the potentials of the electrodes, so as to speed up the mechanism for toppling the liquid crystal molecules. In other words, the liquid crystal lens has a high respond time. In addition, a plurality of active devices is disposed at the sides of the electrodes in the liquid crystal lens, in which the active devices are electrically connected to the electrodes. When the active devices are driven, a current is formed on the electrodes, so as to raise the temperature of the liquid crystal lens. Accordingly, the liquid crystal lens can be operated in a low temperature environment.

Abstract: A 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens is provided. In the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens, at least two layers of a plurality of active device arrays are stacked on a first substrate, and a plurality of liquid crystal layer are respectively disposed on the active device arrays. Then, a driving voltage applied on each active device array is suitably controlled to control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, so as to generate a refractive index distribution similar to gradient-index lens in the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens. Therefore, the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens has a focusing function for focusing/diverging the light, similar to a convex lens or a concave lens. A method for manufacturing the 3D grid controllable liquid crystal lens is also provided.

Abstract: A power generating device includes a carrier module, a stator module, a rotor module and a power generating module. The stator module is assembled to the carrier module, and has a first circuit board and a plurality of driving coils. The rotor module is located in an electromagnetic field, and has a multipolar magnetic rotor and a rotating axle. A magnetic field of the multipolar magnetic rotor interacts with the electromagnetic field to make the rotor module rotating relative to the stator module, and make the multipolar magnetic rotor producing a varying magnetic field. The power generating module is located in the varying magnetic field, and has a second circuit board and a plurality of induction coils. The induction coils induct the varying magnetic field to output an induction circuit to the second circuit board.

Abstract: Methods for programming and program verification of a flash memory are described that ease the buried drain contact induced operation and increase the retention window. In a first aspect of the invention, a program operation method provides varying program biases which are applied to different groups of memory cells. The program biases can be supplied as drain bias voltages or gate bias voltages. The program biases vary depending on which group of memory cells is programmed. In one embodiment, a first drain voltage VD1 is applied to the first group of memory cells M0 and Mn. A second drain voltage VD2 is applied to the second group of memory cells M1 and Mn-1, where VD2=VD1+?VD. In a second aspect of the invention, a plurality of program verification voltage levels are selected to verify that the memory cells pass the program voltage levels.

Abstract: Methods for programming and program verification of a flash memory are described that ease the buried drain contact induced operation and increase the retention window. In a first aspect of the invention, a program operation method provides varying program biases which are applied to different groups of memory cells. The program biases can be supplied as drain bias voltages or gate bias voltages. The program biases vary depending on which group of memory cells is programmed. In one embodiment, a first drain voltage VD1 is applied to the first group of memory cells M0 and Mn. A second drain voltage VD2 is applied to the second group of memory cells M1 and Mn-1, where VD2=VD1+?VD. In a second aspect of the invention, a plurality of program verification voltage levels are selected to verify that the memory cells pass the program voltage levels.

Abstract: A ratchet tool includes a ring-shaped head having a toothed member rotatably received therein and a first end of a handle is pivotally inserted in the ring-shaped head. A pawl is connected to the first end of the handle and pivotally engaged with the toothed member. Two springs are received in the ring-shaped head and contact two sides of the handle.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of controlling and monitoring the thickness variation of the film structure of a semiconductor wafer by monitoring the thickness variation of the film structure of a testing region. The method is characterized by etching the film structure of the testing region with a pattern density substantially compatible with that of the device region in order to precisely simulate the thickness variation of the film structure of a device region in a chemical mechanical polishing process.