Abstract: The disclosure relates to a force measurement device including central portion, fixing portion, first and second sensing portions, and first and second electromechanical elements. The first sensing portion has first natural frequency. The first sensing portion is connected to the central portion. The second sensing portion has a second natural frequency. The second sensing portion is connected to the first sensing portion and the fixing portion. The first electromechanical element is disposed on the first sensing portion to measure a first vibration amplitude. The second electromechanical element is disposed on the second sensing portion to measure a second vibration amplitude. When the central portion is subjected to a first force, the first vibration amplitude is larger than the second vibration amplitude. When the central portion is subjected to a second force, the first vibration amplitude is smaller than the second vibration amplitude.

Abstract: A multi-axis force sensor including a central portion, an outer ring portion, and at least one sensing portion disposed along an axial direction of an axis is provided. The sensing portion includes a first and a second elements connected with each other, and at least one first and at least one second strain gauges. A first end surface of the first element is connected to the central portion, and a second end surface of the second element is connected to the outer ring portion. A normal vector of the first end surface is parallel to the axis and the axis passes through a centroid of the first end surface. When the first end surface is subjected to an axial force, a first strain of a first sensing region of the first element in the axial direction is smaller than a second strain of a second sensing region of the second element in the axial direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a semiconductor apparatus and a method for handling contamination from a semiconductor manufacturing process. The semiconductor apparatus can include a chuck configured to hold a substrate, a drain cup configured to surround the chuck and to capture a chemical sprayed from the substrate, and a detection module disposed in a space between the drain cup and the chuck and configured to monitor sidewalls of the drain cup.

Abstract: A timing control method and system applied on the network simulator platform are disclosed. When at least one subprocess calls a system call to enter a blocking I/O, a marking operation is performed, the kernel issues a first notification event to a network simulator, to request the network simulator to pause until the subprocess leaves from the blocking I/O. when the kernel detects that the subprocess leaves from the blocking I/O already, the kernel issues a second notification event to the network simulator, so that the network simulator continues to simulate. The present invention can control the subprocess to not continuously occupy resource, and first and second notification events can prevent a simulator timer from continuously running during the subprocess execution period, to cause an abnormal timing of a simulation result.

Abstract: A method includes transferring a wafer into a first processing chamber by using a robot arm mechanism, and applying a photoresist on the wafer in a first processing chamber. The wafer is transferred from the first processing chamber into a second processing chamber by using the robot arm mechanism, and the photoresist is exposed to a pattern of light in the second processing chamber. The method includes transferring the wafer from the second processing chamber into a third processing chamber by using the robot arm mechanism, and developing the exposed wafer in the third processing chamber. The method includes cleaning the robot arm mechanism in a dummy chamber.

Abstract: A ball screw with tilt detector includes a screw rod, two screw nuts, a channel, a plurality of balls, and a tilt detector. The screw rod is extended along a direction of an axis. The two screw nuts are installed on the screw rod and capable of moving along the axis. The tilt detector is disposed between the two screw nuts to detect a tilt angle and a preload of the two screw nuts. The tilt detector includes a force receiving element, at least one first strain sensor, and at least one second strain sensor. The force receiving element includes a point symmetric ring-type structure, and the ring-type structure has two planes which are parallel to each other and respectively contact the two screw nuts.

Abstract: A multi-axis force sensor including a central portion, an outer ring portion, and at least one sensing portion disposed along an axial direction of an axis is provided. The sensing portion includes a first and a second elements connected with each other, and at least one first and at least one second strain gauges. A first end surface of the first element is connected to the central portion, and a second end surface of the second element is connected to the outer ring portion. A normal vector of the first end surface is parallel to the axis and the axis passes through a centroid of the first end surface. When the first end surface is subjected to an axial force, a first strain of a first sensing region of the first element in the axial direction is smaller than a second strain of a second sensing region of the second element in the axial direction.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to a bandwidth management method performed in a network switch and a network system. In the method, a total bandwidth usage is firstly metered, and it is determined if the total bandwidth usage reaches a threshold for triggering a flow-limit process. This threshold acts as a bandwidth-usage threshold obtained by multiplying a total bandwidth by a meter-triggering threshold. The flow-limit process is triggered if the total bandwidth usage reaches the threshold; otherwise, the system will not intervene with the usage of bandwidth if the total bandwidth usage does not reach the threshold. In the flow-limit process, the class of a user is identified. Guaranteed bandwidth is provided for a prioritized user. A normal user will be restricted to using the bandwidth aside from the guaranteed bandwidth. The bandwidth provided for the normal user may exceed the available bandwidth based on an adjustable system parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a semiconductor apparatus and a method for handling contamination from a semiconductor manufacturing process. The semiconductor apparatus can include a chuck configured to hold a substrate, a drain cup configured to surround the chuck and to capture a chemical sprayed from the substrate, and a detection module disposed in a space between the drain cup and the chuck and configured to monitor sidewalls of the drain cup.

Abstract: A method of redistribution layer routing for 2.5D integrated circuit packages is proposed, which is executed by a computer, the method comprising using the computer to perform the following: performing a MMSIM (modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method) based routing to assign pre-assignment nets to tracks such that total vertical distance from each bump pair to the assigned track is minimized; and performing a MWMCBM (minimum weighted maximum cardinality bipartite matching) based routing for bumps connected to the assigned tracks according to matching result to complete redistribution layer routing for integrated circuit packages.

Abstract: A network automatic link backup method and a network system thereof are provided. The method can be applied to the network system including at least two spine switches. A backup link is established between the two spine switches. When original links fail, a backup mechanism inside the spine switch is performed. In the network system, each of the spine switches has a link failover group. When the spine switch receives packets from a host, the packets are analyzed to determine priority of each link towards the destination. Then the packets can be forwarded through a specific switch port based on the priority. However, when the link for the spine switch to forward the packets fails, in order to complete the transmission, the packets are transmitted to another spine switch via the backup link without the intervention of the software-defined network controller.

Abstract: A method of redistribution layer routing for 2.5D integrated circuit packages is proposed, which is executed by a computer, the method comprising using the computer to perform the following: performing a MMSIM (modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method) based routing to assign pre-assignment nets to tracks such that total vertical distance from each bump pair to the assigned track is minimized; and performing a MWMCBM (minimum weighted maximum cardinality bipartite matching) based routing for bumps connected to the assigned tracks according to matching result to complete redistribution layer routing for integrated circuit packages.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to a bandwidth management method performed in a network switch and a network system. In the method, a total bandwidth usage is firstly metered, and it is determined if the total bandwidth usage reaches a threshold for triggering a flow-limit process. This threshold acts as a bandwidth-usage threshold obtained by multiplying a total bandwidth by a meter-triggering threshold. The flow-limit process is triggered if the total bandwidth usage reaches the threshold; otherwise, the system will not intervene with the usage of bandwidth if the total bandwidth usage does not reach the threshold. In the flow-limit process, the class of a user is identified. Guaranteed bandwidth is provided for a prioritized user. A normal user will be restricted to using the bandwidth aside from the guaranteed bandwidth. The bandwidth provided for the normal user may exceed the available bandwidth based on an adjustable system parameter.

Abstract: A ball screw with tilt detector includes a screw rod, two screw nuts, a channel, a plurality of balls, and a tilt detector. The screw rod is extended along a direction of an axis. The two screw nuts are installed on the screw rod and capable of moving along the axis. The tilt detector is disposed between the two screw nuts to detect a tilt angle and a preload of the two screw nuts. The tilt detector includes a force receiving element, at least one first strain sensor, and at least one second strain sensor. The force receiving element includes a point symmetric ring-type structure, and the ring-type structure has two planes which are parallel to each other and respectively contact the two screw nuts.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and systems for generating and revoking, as well as validating, certificates used to protect communications within networks while maintaining privacy protection. In the context of a method, certificate generation and revocation with privacy preservation comprises determining a secret value to be used by a certificate authority and an entity; constructing a key tree based on the secret value, wherein the leaves of the key tree represent derived keys for the certificates for the entity; and generating certificates for the entity based in part on the key tree leaves. The method further comprises determining that one or more of the certificates should be revoked; determining a minimum key node set that covers the certificates to be revoked; adding the minimum key node set to a certificate revocation list; and providing the certificate revocation list to one or more entities. Corresponding apparatuses and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the frequency of updating certificate revocation list is provided. The method is used in a certificate authority. The method includes: receiving a first information indicating security levels from neighbor certificate authorities in a neighborhood or a central certificate authority; detecting whether the certificate authority has received a signal indicating that a user is using a revoked certificate and generating a second information of a security level; calculating an index value or a set of index values by the first information indicating the security levels of neighborhoods and the second information indicating its own security level; and adjusting the update frequency of updating the certificate revocation list according to the calculated index values or the set of index values.

Abstract: A method and system for aligning robotic wafer transfer systems provides a wafer cassette having one or more wafer slots having portions covered with an electrically conductive material and a sensor that is in electrical communication with the electrically conductive material. When a wafer is loaded into a wafer cassette such as may be contained within a wafer transfer module such as a FOUP, an indication of position is delivered to the sensor which detects the alignment and indicates if the loaded wafer undesirably contacts either or both of the opposed grooves that form the wafer slot of the wafer cassette. An indication of the wafer's position may be provided from the sensor to a controller that delivers a signal for aligning the wafer transfer blade of the wafer transfer robot responsive to the signal indicative of position.

Abstract: A physical energy-converting rotor has a rotor body and multiple weights. When the rotor body is rotated, an inner virtual orbit and an outer virtual orbit are formed and the weights are rotated. The weights are moved back and forth between the inner and outer virtual orbits to form non-balances to keep the rotor body rotating. The physical energy-converting rotor may operate alone, or may cooperate with non-pollution generators such as wind generators and water generators to enhance power-generating effect.

Abstract: A system and method applicable to a vehicle for detecting a surrounding environment are provided. The system and method include installing primary and secondary display units in a vehicle; installing a plurality of detectors of various types around the vehicle; detecting obstacles around the vehicle using the plurality of different detectors; generating and outputting first detector data to be received by a primary control module; generating second detector data by integrating data to generate and transmit a primary warning message including vehicle positional information relative to the obstacle and a secondary warning message comprising obstacle positional information to the primary and secondary display units respectively for display. The system and method enable accurate detection of an obstacle via the warning messages and improved driving safety, using detectors with functions different from and complementary to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and computer readable medium thereof for simultaneously establishing links with a plurality of nodes in a wireless network are provided. A processing module determines whether a mesh network configuration message of the apparatus has space to packet an information element and determines whether to transmit a Neighbor Link Establishment information element to one of the nodes. If the mesh network configuration message has space to packet an information element and the Neighbor Link Establishment information element needs to be transmitted to one of the nodes, the Neighbor Link Establishment information element will be packeted into the mesh network configuration message. Finally, a transmission module transmits the mesh network configuration message to the nodes in order to solve the problem of increasing time during link establishment and avoid deadlock among the nodes when the apparatus of the prior art establishes links with the nodes simultaneously.