Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor devices and discloses a method for operating a flash memory. When a read operation is performed on a flash memory unit, a potential of a first control line connected to gates of select gate PMOS transistors located in a same row is switched from a positive supply voltage to 0V. Since it is not required to switch the potential from a positive voltage to a negative voltage, the power consumption of the pump circuit is significantly reduced. In addition, a read current of the flash memory unit selected for reading can accurately represent the status of the unit being read thanks to the appropriate settings of the gate oxide layer thickness and the threshold voltage of the select gate PMOS transistor. Furthermore, high-voltage devices are removed from the read path and only low-voltage devices are used, so that the reading speed can be significantly improved during the read operation.

Abstract: A capability for localization of a wireless tag based on wireless gateway association information uses a wireless tag supporting multiple states and wireless gateway association information associated with the wireless tag to control localization of the wireless tag. The wireless tag may support an unconnected state in which the wireless tag communicates location tracking information using a wireless beacon signal which may be detected by various wireless gateways and a connected state in which the wireless tag communicates location tracking information via one or more connections with one or more wireless gateways. The wireless gateway association information may include wireless gateway lists (e.g., whitelists, blacklists, or the like), association rules, notification rules, or the like. The wireless gateway association information may be used to control transitions of the wireless tag between the unconnected state and the connected state, to control notifications for the wireless tag, or the like.

Abstract: A motherboard is provided. The motherboard includes a main body, a notch formed at a side edge of the main body, and a fixing device formed adjacent to the notch to fix an auxiliary device. The function of the motherboard is expanded significantly while artistic of the appearance of the motherboard is improved.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor devices and discloses a method for operating a flash memory. When a read operation is performed on a flash memory unit, a potential of a first control line connected to gates of select gate PMOS transistors located in a same row is switched from a positive supply voltage to 0V. Since it is not required to switch the potential from a positive voltage to a negative voltage, the power consumption of the pump circuit is significantly reduced. In addition, a read current of the flash memory unit selected for reading can accurately represent the status of the unit being read thanks to the appropriate settings of the gate oxide layer thickness and the threshold voltage of the select gate PMOS transistor. Furthermore, high-voltage devices are removed from the read path and only low-voltage devices are used, so that the reading speed can be significantly improved during the read operation.

Abstract: A capability for flexible communications within an energy-limited wireless system is presented. An energy-limited wireless node includes a communication module configured to switch between a sleep mode in which the communication module is not operable to communicate and an active mode in which the communication module is operable to communicate, a configurable auxiliary receiver configured to initiate switching of the communication module from the sleep mode to the active mode based on detection of a wake-up signal, and a controller configured to control configuration of the configurable auxiliary receiver to operate using an auxiliary receiver configuration.

Abstract: There is provided a communications network comprising a network node and a resource limited node. The network node comprises a controller operable to estimate an optimal duty cycle for various operating modes of the resource limited node to minimize the overall resource consumption of the resource limited node; and a transmitter operable to notify parameters of the estimated optimal duty cycle to the resource limited node.

Abstract: A capability for controlling or facilitating the use of a wireless tag to communicate location tracking information is presented. The capability for controlling or facilitating use of a wireless tag to communicate location tracking information utilizes a wireless tag supporting multiple states in order to control communication of location tracking information. The wireless tag supporting multiple states in order to control communication of location tracking information may be configured to support or facilitate tag-controlled state transitions, gateway-controlled state transitions, infrastructure-controlled state transitions, or the like, as well as various combinations thereof.

Abstract: A capability for opportunistic forwarding of information using a wireless terminal is presented. An energy limited node includes a wake-up circuit configured to detect a wake-up signal from a wireless terminal where the wake-up signal includes a modulated waveform signal, and a communication module configured to switch, based on a control signal generated by the wake-up circuit, from a sleep mode in which the communication module is not operable to communicate with the wireless terminal to an active mode in which the communication module is operable to communicate with the wireless terminal.

Abstract: A capability for localization of a wireless tag based on wireless gateway association information uses a wireless tag supporting multiple states and wireless gateway association information associated with the wireless tag to control localization of the wireless tag. The wireless tag may support an unconnected state in which the wireless tag communicates location tracking information using a wireless beacon signal which may be detected by various wireless gateways and a connected state in which the wireless tag communicates location tracking information via one or more connections with one or more wireless gateways. The wireless gateway association information may include wireless gateway lists (e.g., whitelists, blacklists, or the like), association rules, notification rules, or the like. The wireless gateway association information may be used to control transitions of the wireless tag between the unconnected state and the connected state, to control notifications for the wireless tag, or the like.

Abstract: There is provided a communications network comprising a network node and a resource limited node. The network node comprises a controller operable to estimate an optimal duty cycle for various operating modes of the resource limited node to minimise the overall resource consumption of the resource limited node; and a transmitter operable to notify parameters of the estimated optimal duty cycle to the resource limited node.

Abstract: The access network node includes a control unit operable to estimate a belief on a network condition for a resource limited node of a plurality of resource limited nodes based on network observations and a history profile of the network observations; dynamically update the belief for the resource limited node in the access network node; determine that the severity of the updated belief in the network condition is indicative that a change in sleep duty cycle of the resource limited node is required; determine that correlation between the resource limited nodes within the plurality of resource limited nodes is indicative that a change in sleep duty cycle of the resource limited node is required; and update the sleep duty cycle of the resource limited node to improve or optimize the overall energy consumed in the resource limited nodes while achieving a specific detection threshold.

Abstract: A capability for controlling or facilitating the use of a wireless tag to communicate location tracking information is presented. The capability for controlling or facilitating use of a wireless tag to communicate location tracking information utilizes a wireless tag supporting multiple states in order to control communication of location tracking information. The wireless tag supporting multiple states in order to control communication of location tracking information may be configured to support or facilitate tag-controlled state transitions, gateway-controlled state transitions, infrastructure-controlled state transitions, or the like, as well as various combinations thereof.

Abstract: A capability for flexible communications within an energy-limited wireless system is presented. An energy-limited wireless node includes a communication module configured to switch between a sleep mode in which the communication module is not operable to communicate and an active mode in which the communication module is operable to communicate, a configurable auxiliary receiver configured to initiate switching of the communication module from the sleep mode to the active mode based on detection of a wake-up signal, and a controller configured to control configuration of the configurable auxiliary receiver to operate using an auxiliary receiver configuration.

Abstract: A capability for opportunistic forwarding of information using a wireless terminal is presented. An energy limited node includes a wake-up circuit configured to detect a wake-up signal from a wireless terminal where the wake-up signal includes a modulated waveform signal, and a communication module configured to switch, based on a control signal generated by the wake-up circuit, from a sleep mode in which the communication module is not operable to communicate with the wireless terminal to an active mode in which the communication module is operable to communicate with the wireless terminal.

Abstract: A method for selecting a wireless network and a portable electronic device thereof are provided, and the method for selecting the wireless network includes following steps. A plurality of wireless network signal indicators of at least one wireless network are detected. Moreover, a target wireless network is selected from the at least one wireless network for operating therein according to the wireless network signal indicators.

Abstract: A sun tracking method is disclosed. The method can track the position of sun continuously, without the need to install an optical sensor, to calculate a sun-tracking solar orbit function, and to calibrate the mechanical structure periodically. The method comprises the steps outlined below. (A) A motor of an attitude control device is driven for changing attitude of a photovoltaic cell device to sense and record a short-circuit current by a short-circuit current measuring device directly or in cooperation with the switching behavior of a switch power unit of a maximum power tracking control device, or to sense and to record an output power by a power measuring device. (B) A maximum value of the short-circuit current or the output power is calculated. (C) The motor-driving device is driven for modulating the photovoltaic cell device to an attitude corresponding to the maximum value of the short-circuit current or the output power.

Abstract: A method for selecting a wireless network and a portable electronic device thereof are provided, and the method for selecting the wireless network includes following steps. A plurality of wireless network signal indicators of at least one wireless network are detected. Moreover, a target wireless network is selected from the at least one wireless network for operating therein according to the wireless network signal indicators.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage apparatus includes a canister, a first filter element and at least one hydrogen storage unit. The canister has an opening and a rod. The first filter element is disposed in the opening. The hydrogen storage unit is accommodated in the canister. The hydrogen storage unit includes a compartment structure and a hydrogen channel element. The compartment structure divides a space inside the canister, and the hydrogen channel element is pierced by the rod and connected with the compartment structure. The hydrogen channel element includes a plurality of axial channels and a plurality of radial channels. The axial channels are connected with the opening and the radial channels. The radial channels are connected with the space inside the canister.

Abstract: A sun tracking method is disclosed. The method can track the position of sun continuously, without the need to install an optical sensor, to calculate a sun-tracking solar orbit function, and to calibrate the mechanical structure periodically. The method comprises the steps outlined below. (A) A motor of an attitude control device is driven for changing attitude of a photovoltaic cell device to sense and record a short-circuit current by a short-circuit current measuring device directly or in cooperation with the switching behavior of a switch power unit of a maximum power tracking control device, or to sense and to record an output power by a power measuring device. (B) A maximum value of the short-circuit current or the output power is calculated. (C) The motor-driving device is driven for modulating the photovoltaic cell device to an attitude corresponding to the maximum value of the short-circuit current or the output power.

Abstract: A lithium (Li)-based alloy and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, in which the lithium metal is wrapped by a metal foil with a higher melting point, followed by subjecting to multi-stage thermal treatment to cast alloy, thereby obtaining the Li-based alloy with high purity-Li.