Abstract: A comparator testing circuit and a testing method are provided. The comparator testing circuit includes a switching circuit, a comparator, and a determination circuit. The switching circuit receives a first signal, a second signal, and a switching signal, and outputs one of the first signal and the second signal as a first input signal and the other of the first signal and the second signal as a second input signal according to the switching signal. The comparator compares the first input signal with the second input signal to generate an output signal. The determination circuit determines whether the comparator is abnormal based on the switching signal and the output signal to generate an exception flag.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A waveform generator is provided. The waveform generator includes a timer and a digital to analog converter (DAC). The timer periodically provides a trigger signal according to a fixed time period. In response to the trigger signal, the DAC is configured to convert first digital data into output voltage of an analog signal. A data hold register is configured to store second digital data that corresponds to the previous output voltage of the analog signal. A judgment circuit is configured to provide a first control signal according to the second digital data, and the first control signal indicates that the previous output voltage is within a first voltage range. A calculation circuit is configured to obtain the first digital data according to the second control signal, the second digital data, and a voltage variation that corresponds to the first voltage range and to update the second digital data.

Abstract: A control device for adjusting the output voltage of a voltage generator, wherein the control device includes a master circuit, a slave circuit, and a power-scaling control circuit, is provided. The master circuit is coupled to a system bus. The slave circuit is coupled to the system bus. The power-scaling control circuit is coupled between the master circuit and the slave circuit. In response to the master circuit sending a voltage-scaling command, the power-scaling control circuit sets a control signal at a suspension level so that the slave circuit sets a specific signal transmitted by the system bus at a wait level. In response to the specific signal being at the wait level, the master circuit stops accessing the first specific device of the slave circuit. In response to the control signal being at the suspension level, the power-scaling control circuit adjusts the output voltage.

Abstract: A control device is used to adjust an output voltage of a voltage generator, and includes a master circuit, a slave circuit, and a power-scaling control circuit. The master circuit is coupled to a first bus. The slave circuit is coupled to a second bus. In a normal mode, the first and second buses are connected to each other via the power-scaling control circuit, the master circuit accesses the slave circuit via the first and second buses. In an adjustment mode, the power-scaling control circuit controls the master circuit to stop accessing the slave circuit, and the power-scaling control circuit adjusts the output voltage. When the master circuit sends a trigger signal, the power-scaling control circuit enters the adjustment mode. When the master circuit does not send the trigger signal, the power-scaling control circuit enters the normal mode.

Abstract: A driving protection circuit is coupled to a load via an input/output pin. A signal generator circuit is configured to generate a driving signal. An input/output circuit transmits the driving signal to the input/output pin according to an enable signal. A counter circuit adjusts the count value when the enable signal is at a predetermined level. A detection circuit detects the voltage level of the input/output pin to generate a detection signal. When the count value is equal to a predetermined value, a control circuit determines whether the level of the detection signal is the same as the level of the driving signal. When the level of the detection signal is not the same as the level of the driving signal, the control circuit sends an error signal to turn off power to the load.

Abstract: A waveform generator is provided. The waveform generator includes a timer and a digital to analog converter (DAC). The timer periodically provides a trigger signal according to a fixed time period. In response to the trigger signal, the DAC is configured to convert first digital data into output voltage of an analog signal. A data hold register is configured to store second digital data that corresponds to the previous output voltage of the analog signal. A judgment circuit is configured to provide a first control signal according to the second digital data, and the first control signal indicates that the previous output voltage is within a first voltage range. A calculation circuit is configured to obtain the first digital data according to the second control signal, the second digital data, and a voltage variation that corresponds to the first voltage range and to update the second digital data.

Abstract: A control device is used to adjust an output voltage of a voltage generator, and includes a master circuit, a slave circuit, and a power-scaling control circuit. The master circuit is coupled to a first bus. The slave circuit is coupled to a second bus. In a normal mode, the first and second buses are connected to each other via the power-scaling control circuit, the master circuit accesses the slave circuit via the first and second buses. In an adjustment mode, the power-scaling control circuit controls the master circuit to stop accessing the slave circuit, and the power-scaling control circuit adjusts the output voltage. When the master circuit sends a trigger signal, the power-scaling control circuit enters the adjustment mode. When the master circuit does not send the trigger signal, the power-scaling control circuit enters the normal mode.

Abstract: A control device for adjusting the output voltage of a voltage generator, wherein the control device includes a master circuit, a slave circuit, and a power-scaling control circuit, is provided. The master circuit is coupled to a system bus. The slave circuit is coupled to the system bus. The power-scaling control circuit is coupled between the master circuit and the slave circuit. In response to the master circuit sending a voltage-scaling command, the power-scaling control circuit sets a control signal at a suspension level so that the slave circuit sets a specific signal transmitted by the system bus at a wait level. In response to the specific signal being at the wait level, the master circuit stops accessing the first specific device of the slave circuit. In response to the control signal being at the suspension level, the power-scaling control circuit adjusts the output voltage.

Abstract: A driving protection circuit is coupled to a load via an input/output pin. A signal generator circuit is configured to generate a driving signal. An input/output circuit transmits the driving signal to the input/output pin according to an enable signal. A counter circuit adjusts the count value when the enable signal is at a predetermined level. A detection circuit detects the voltage level of the input/output pin to generate a detection signal. When the count value is equal to a predetermined value, a control circuit determines whether the level of the detection signal is the same as the level of the driving signal. When the level of the detection signal is not the same as the level of the driving signal, the control circuit sends an error signal to turn off power to the load.

Abstract: An authentication system and method for an electronic governor of an unmanned aerial vehicle is disclosed. By employing reciprocative authentication and encryption mechanisms between a main control terminal and an electronic governor, the use of a modified electronic governor is prevented and thus the illegal use of UAVs is also prevented. Moreover, the provided electronic governor may be operated in dual-mode to extend its compatibility to conventional main control terminals.

Abstract: A sensing device includes a comparator, a first and a second variable capacitor unit. A first comparator input of the comparator is electrically coupled to a touch pad. The first variable capacitor unit is configured to charge the first comparator input such that the first comparator input has a first potential. The second variable capacitor unit is configured to charge a second comparator input of the comparator such that the second comparator input has a second potential. The comparator is configured for comparing the first potential and the second potential to generate a comparator output signal. In a condition of the touch pad being operated, the first variable capacitor unit is adjusted according to the comparator output signal to perform potential compensation for the first comparator input, or the second variable capacitor unit is adjusted according to the comparator output signal to perform potential compensation for the second comparator input.

Abstract: An authentication system and method for an electronic governor of an unmanned aerial vehicle is disclosed. By employing reciprocative authentication and encryption mechanisms between a main control terminal and an electronic governor, the use of a modified electronic governor is prevented and thus the illegal use of UAVs is also prevented. Moreover, the provided electronic governor may be operated in dual-mode to extend its compatibility to conventional main control terminals.

Abstract: A sensing device includes a comparator, a first and a second variable capacitor unit. A first comparator input of the comparator is electrically coupled to a touch pad. The first variable capacitor unit is configured to charge the first comparator input such that the first comparator input has a first potential. The second variable capacitor unit is configured to charge a second comparator input of the comparator such that the second comparator input has a second potential. The comparator is configured for comparing the first potential and the second potential to generate a comparator output signal. In a condition of the touch pad being operated, the first variable capacitor unit is adjusted according to the comparator output signal to perform potential compensation for the first comparator input, or the second variable capacitor unit is adjusted according to the comparator output signal to perform potential compensation for the second comparator input.

Abstract: An improved transformer is disclosed. The transformer of the present invention includes a main body. The main body has a primary winding partition, several secondary winding partitions and two end portions. Several leads are disposed in either end portion. A sloped wire-guiding groove is provided in a vertical wall of the primary winding partition and may guide the winding in the primary winding partition. The width of the sloped wire-guiding groove is slightly greater than that of the wire to avoid the rupture of the wire.

Abstract: A transformer includes a main body, at least a rubber piece and a wire-guiding groove. The main body has a primary winding partition, several secondary winding partitions and two end portions. Several leads are disposed in either end portion. The rubber piece provides the buffer action, and it makes the secondary wire of the transformer which is pulled from several primary leads run closely and automatically fitted on the surface of the rubber piece and the primary end piece. The transformer used the rubber piece as buffer to avoid bending and breakage. The wire-guiding groove is formed in the primary end piece. The wire-guiding groove can guide the secondary wire to keep the secondary wire running closely and neatly on the lower surface of the primary winding partition.

Abstract: A transformer includes a main body and a wire. The main body has several winding partitions and two end portions. Several leads are disposed in either end portion and a buffer region is formed between the right end portion and the right-most winding partition. An intermediate area is disposed between the buffer region and the right-most winding partition. One end of the wire is connected to one of the leads and the wire passes the right end portion. Before the wire goes into the buffer region, the wire is folded for several times and then is twisted and rolled for several turns to make the wire thicker. Next, the thicker wire is wound around the iron core in the buffer region for several turns and then the thicker wire passes the intermediate area and goes into the right-most winding partition.

Abstract: A transformer includes a main body and a secondary winding. The main body has a primary winding partition, several secondary winding partitions and two end portions. Several leads are disposed in either end portion. A wire-guiding area is formed in a sunken area in the primary winding partition and a buffer region is formed between the primary end portion and the primary winding partition. The secondary winding is wound around the core on the secondary winding partitions. One end of the wire runs from the secondary winding partitions to the wire-guiding area. Before the secondary wire goes into the buffer region, the secondary wire is folded for several times and then is twisted and rolled for several turns to make the secondary wire thicker. Then the secondary wire goes into the buffer region and then is connected to one of the primary leads. Due to the wire-guiding area and buffer region, the secondary wire would not be affected or pressed against by the primary wire.

Abstract: This patent delineates methods for quantifying and mitigating dip-induced azimuthal AVO effects in seismic fracture detection using Azimuthal AVO analysis by accurately accounting for the divergence correction and azimuthal dependence of the reflection angle. Solutions are provided for three cases: (1) dipping isotropic reservoirs; (2) anisotropic reservoirs with fractures aligned in arbitrary direction; and (3) anisotropic reservoirs where vertical fractures are aligned perpendicular to the dip direction.

Abstract: A transformer includes a main body and a secondary winding. The main body has a primary winding partition, several secondary winding partitions and two end portions. Several leads are disposed in either end portion. A wire-guiding area is formed in a sunken area in the primary winding partition and a buffer region is formed between the primary end portion and the primary winding partition. The secondary winding is wound around the core on the secondary winding partitions. One end of the wire runs from the secondary winding partitions to the wire-guiding area. Before the secondary wire goes into the buffer region, the secondary wire is folded for several times and then is twisted and rolled for several turns to make the secondary wire thicker. Then the secondary wire goes into the buffer region and then is connected to one of the primary leads. Due to the wire-guiding area and buffer region, the secondary wire would not be affected or pressed against by the primary wire.