Abstract: Magnetic toners, methods of their formation and utilization of the toners in various electrophotographic imaging systems is disclosed. The toners disclosed contain a nitrogen containing compound including, for example, amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. Toners containing such compounds are suitable for use in inductive development from a biased magnetic toner brush to an electrostatic image, and further subsequently such images may be transferred preferably by electrostatically type methods to a substrate such as plain bond paper.

Abstract: Toner compositions comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment and an alkyl morpholinium compound of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate or nitrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment, and an alkyl picolinium compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate, and R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These toners when combined with carrier materials can be used as developers in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, pigment or colorant, and as a charge inducing material, long chain hydrazinium compounds of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen groups or hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, sulphonate, phosphate, and nitrate. These toners, together with carrier materials can be used to develop images in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: Toner compositions comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment and an alkyl morpholinium compound of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate or nitrate.

Abstract: An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided positively charging toner particles electrostatically clinging to negatively charging carrier particles. The toner particles comprise a resin, a colorant, and a charge inducing material selected from (1) a long chain hydrazinium compound and (2) an alkyl pyridinium compound. The carrier particles comprise core particles having a coating of fused thermoplastic resin particles wherein the carrier particles are prepared by dry-mixing the core particles with thermoplastic resin particles until the resin particles adhere to the core particles. The mixture of core and resin particles are heated to between 320.degree. F. and 650.degree. F. for between 20 and 120 minutes so that the resin particles melt and fuse to the core particles. The developer mixture is employed to develop electrostatic latent images.

Abstract: Disclosed are positively charged toner compositions comprised of a thermoplastic resin, a pigment or colorant, and a charge inducing additive containing an amido dialkyl hydroxy ammonium compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrocarbon radicals containing up to 22 carbon atoms; and more specifically R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 carbon atom to about 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently selected from alkylene radicals having up to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms; and A is an anion such as nitrate, dihydrogen phosphate, methyl hydrogen phosphate, and dimethyl phosphate. Developers containing these positively charged toner materials are prepared by adding carrier materials thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment, and an alkyl picolinium compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate, and R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These toners when combined with carrier materials can be used as developers in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: Toners comprised of a resin and a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## in which at least two R radicals are hydrocarbon radicals having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and each other R is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and A is an anion for example, sulfate, sulfonate, nitrate, borate, chlorate, and the halogens such as iodide, chloride, and bromide. Methods of their formation and use in various electrophotographic imaging systems is disclosed. The quaternary ammonium compound is generally present as a coating on a pigment that is used in the toner, such pigment being for example carbon black. Toners containing the above described quaternary ammonium compounds generally result in a toner containing a positive charge thus allowing development of negative images that may be formed on photoreceptors, especially organic photoreceptors.

Abstract: A toner and process of its manufacture for use in electrostatic development processes involving a magnetic toner without carrier are disclosed. The toner of the invention is semiconductive and effectively transferred from photoreceptors to plain paper after development. The preferred process of formation involves spray drying from a slurry solution.

Abstract: A method of toner formation wherein a dispersion of magnetic pigment, resin, solvent and surfactant is spray dried to form the toner particles. Two preferred processes are disclosed: (1) A dispersion of magnetite, resin, fatty acid, and solvent is prepared by high speed agitation. The dispersion is then spray dried to form toner particles. (2) A dispersion of magnetite, fatty acid and solvent is subject to reflux heating, followed by addition of resin solution prior to spray drying to form toner particles.

Abstract: Electrostatographic carrier particles having been classified as to have a surface roughness value of less than about 2.0 to provide improved developer life. Developer mixtures and imaging processes employing the described carrier particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of coating pigment particles such as magnetite with a fatty acid chrome complex is disclosed. The magnetite pigments coated by this process are found to be particularly suitable for use in formation of field dependent toners.

Abstract: A method of coating pigment particles such as magnetite with a derivative of a maleic anhydride. The magnetite pigments coated by this process are found to be particularly suitable for use in formation of magnetic toners that will both develop inductively and transfer electrostatically.

Abstract: There is described an electrophotographic toner comprising a resin material and as an additive a sterically hindered phenol, that is a phenol that has its atoms arranged in a particular manner in a molecule and does not undergo an expected chemical reaction due to inhibition by particular atomic groupings. These phenols are effective as thermal stabilizers for toner resins in that they reduce the rate of thermal decomposition and/or act as plasticizers in that they lower the toner melt viscosities and fusing temperatures.

Abstract: A method of coating magnetic toner particles such as magnetite with a fatty acid or a derivative of a fatty acid is disclosed. The magnetite particles coated by this process are found to be particularly suitable for use in formation of field dependent toners that are not humidity sensitive.

Abstract: A method and ink composition for development of an electrostatic latent image with liquid developer is disclosed. The liquid developer has a viscosity suitable for convenient application to an imaged surface in the development of latent electrostatic images and has improved conductivity resulting from incorporating conductivity control agents in the form of quaternary ammonium compounds which are soluble in the carrier of the ink composition. The conductive ink composition comprises a coloring agent, optionally a binder and a dispersing agent, a carrier and a quaternary ammonium compound soluble in the liquid carrier.

Abstract: A method and composition for development of a latent electrostatic image with a liquid developer is disclosed. The non-volatile, non-hygroscopic, conductive liquid developer has a viscosity suitable for convenient application to an imaged surface in the development of latent electrostatic images. The developer composition comprises a coloring agent, a binder, and a dispersing agent in triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

Abstract: Liquid developer compositions for development of latent electrostatic images are disclosed. The electrostatic printing inks dry at ambient temperatures by penetration into paper leaving a continuous film having excellent rub resistance on the surface. The non-volatile, low viscosity inks comprise about 3-20% pigment and/or dye, about 5-35% of resinous particles having a size of 5 microns or less and having glass transition temperatures close to or below ambient temperature, said resinous particles being dispersed in the liquid carrier, 0-25% dispersing agent and about 25-90% non-volatile, high boiling organic liquid carrier and/or solvent.

Abstract: Ink compositions and particularly liquid developer compositions wherein the viscosity is insensitive to temperature changes, are disclosed. The developers, the viscosities of which are substantially insensitive to temperature changes, comprise by weight about 3-25 percent resin binder, about 1-3 percent of alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersing agent, the ratio of the dispersing agent to the pigment being about 5-15 percent and about 25-90 percent organic liquid carrier and/or solvent, the dispersing agent being soluble in the carrier and/or solvent.