Abstract: Methods and intermediates useful for preparing a compound of formula I: and salts thereof.

Abstract: A brush holder of the present invention is formed by a plurality of brush holder units in serial connection. Each brush holder unit includes an insulating base, a brush frame, and two carbon brushes. The insulating base has a protrusion and a recess on opposite sides. The brush frame has a main body received in the recess and two branches projected from opposite ends of the main body. The carbon brushes are provided on the branches of the brush frame. The protrusion of the brush holder unit is inserted into the recess of another brush holder unit to serially connect the brush holder units as well as to secure the brush frame in the recess. Therefore, the brush holder may be formed by serially connecting the brush holder units in a fast and easy way, and it provides a stable signal transmission.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and devices used for the physical design validation of integrated circuits. One method used for the physical design validation of integrated circuits includes comparing the original circuit netlist of an integrated circuit and the layout data of the integrated circuit and assigning labels to the input and output terminals of the components in the integrated circuit based on the results of the comparison.

Abstract: A hemifumarate form of 9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino]phenoxyphosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine (tenofovir alafenamide), and antiviral therapy using tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (e.g., anti-HIV and anti-HBV therapies).

Abstract: A charging method for a rechargeable battery and a related charging architecture are provided. The provided charging method includes following steps. A characteristic curve of the rechargeable battery related to charge cycle vs. a residual capacity of a non-constant voltage charging stage under a warranty life limitation is provided. An expected residual capacity corresponding to a condition when a terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery reaches a limited charge voltage is found from the characteristic curve related to the charge cycle vs. the residual capacity of the non-constant voltage charging stage by using a current charge cycle count of the rechargeable battery. A real residual capacity corresponding to a condition when the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery reaches the limited charge voltage approaches to the expected residual capacity by adjusting a charging current of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A hemifumarate form of 9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino]phenoxyphosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine (tenofovir alafenamide), and antiviral therapy using tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (e.g., anti-HIV and anti-HBV therapies).

Abstract: A hemifumarate form of 9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino]phenoxyphosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine (tenofovir alafenamide), and antiviral therapy using tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (e.g., anti-HIV and anti-HBV therapies).

Abstract: A slip ring includes a spindle and a plurality of insulating rings and conductive rings alternately fitted to the spindle. Each conductive ring is connected with a wire, and the wire extends out of the slip ring through a wire hole of the spindle. The insulating rings engage the spindle so that the insulating rings are unable to rotate relative to the spindle. The conductive rings engage the spindle or the neighboring insulating ring so that conductive rings are unable to rotate relative to the insulating ring. The number and size of the insulating rings and conductive rings are selectable to be fitted to the spindle.

Abstract: A solid-state roller on a pointing device with enhanced features. The solid-state design described herein allows the sensor to be placed on any shape of surface, such as one that has curvature in two directions. In one embodiment, a trench or downward curve contains sensors for detecting finger movement. The user's finger can thus bend about a knuckle in a curved motion to activate the sensor, requiring little or no movement of the finger up and down. The solid-state sensors can be of one of a number of designs. In one embodiment, multiple electrodes are contacted by a finger as it moves. Each electrode is coupled to a capacitive detection circuit, for detecting the change in capacitance as the electrode is contacted by the finger.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and devices used for the physical design validation of integrated circuits. One method used for the physical design validation of integrated circuits includes comparing the original circuit netlist of an integrated circuit and the layout data of the integrated circuit and assigning labels to the input and output terminals of the components in the integrated circuit based on the results of the comparison.

Abstract: A slip ring includes a spindle and a plurality of insulating rings and conductive rings alternately fitted to the spindle. Each conductive ring is connected with a wire, and the wire extends out of the slip ring through a wire hole of the spindle. The insulating rings engage the spindle so that the insulating rings are unable to rotate relative to the spindle. The conductive rings engage the spindle or the neighboring insulating ring so that conductive rings are unable to rotate relative to the insulating ring. The number and size of the insulating rings and conductive rings are selectable to be fitted to the spindle.

Abstract: A liquid-operated actuator assembly includes a valve with an inlet for connection to a source of a liquid, a bi-stable electromagnetic device for operating the valve, and an actuator including a piston in a cylinder. The piston incorporates an actuating member. The cylinder has a chamber on one side of the piston to which the outlet of the valve is connected for receiving the liquid when the valve is opened in order to move the piston and the actuating member to an operative position. An electronic control circuit momentarily energizes the electromagnetic device for operation of the actuating member and to terminate operation of the actuating member.

Abstract: A fluid-operated actuator assembly has a valve with an inlet for connection to a pressurized fluid source, a bi-stable electromagnetic device for operating the valve, which has a first state closing the valve and a second state opening the valve, a hydraulic actuator, and an electronic control circuit. The hydraulic actuator has an actuating member in a housing, the housing having a chamber on one side of the actuating member to which an outlet of the valve is connected for receiving fluid from the fluid source when the valve is opened, the actuating member for operation of the hydraulic actuator. The control circuit momentarily energizes the bi-stable electromagnetic device to the hydraulic actuator from the second state, back to the first state, to terminate operation of the hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: A method for estimating a capacity of a battery is provided includes providing a look-up table storing data relating to a voltage and a capacity of the battery, and initializing the battery to reach an initialization state which serves as a starting point for a discharging process. The method also includes discharging the battery, from the initialization state, by a first amount of charge to reach a first state, calculating an actual capacity of the battery based on a measured amount of charge discharged from the initialization state to the first state, measuring an open-circuit voltage at the first state, obtaining a look-up capacity of the battery from the look-up table according to the open-circuit voltage measured at the first state, calculating a difference between the actual capacity and the look-up capacity, and correcting the look-up table based on the difference.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of bisfuran intermediates useful for preparing antiviral HIV protease inhibitor compounds is hereby disclosed.

Abstract: A hemifumarate form of 9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino]phenoxyphosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine (tenofovir alafenamide), and antiviral therapy using tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (e.g., anti-HIV and anti-HBV therapies).

Abstract: A brush holder of the present invention is formed by a plurality of brush holder units in serial connection. Each brush holder unit includes an insulating base, a brush frame, and two carbon brushes. The insulating base has a protrusion and a recess on opposite sides. The brush frame has a main body received in the recess and two branches projected from opposite ends of the main body. The carbon brushes are provided on the branches of the brush frame. The protrusion of the brush holder unit is inserted into the recess of another brush holder unit to serially connect the brush holder units as well as to secure the brush frame in the recess. Therefore, the brush holder may be formed by serially connecting the brush holder units in a fast and easy way, and it provides a stable signal transmission.

Abstract: A solid-state roller on a pointing device with enhanced features. The solid-state design described herein allows the sensor to be placed on any shape of surface, such as one that has curvature in two directions. In one embodiment, a trench or downward curve contains sensors for detecting finger movement. The user's finger can thus bend about a knuckle in a curved motion to activate the sensor, requiring little or no movement of the finger up and down. The solid-state sensors can be of one of a number of designs. In one embodiment, multiple electrodes are contacted by a finger as it moves. Each electrode is coupled to a capacitive detection circuit, for detecting the change in capacitance as the electrode is contacted by the finger.

Abstract: The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that can be used to prepare compounds having useful anti-HIV properties.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of bisfuran intermediates useful for preparing antiviral HIV protease inhibitor compounds is hereby disclosed