Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently repairing or reworking a printed circuit board having a solder ball grid array thereon efficiently and at minimum cost includes the steps of drilling out a plated-through hole to sever electrical connections between a ball grid array pad on one surface of the printed circuit board and internal circuits and circuits on an opposite surface of the printed circuit board; inserting a pin having an insulated sleeve surrounding a portion thereof into the drilled-out hole, the pin having attached to one end a wire for attachment to the ball grid array on one surface of the printed circuit board and a post at the other end of the pin for attachment of a wire to the post; the pin having a stop along its length to control vertical positioning of the pin in the drilled-out hole, the pin referred to as a via replacement (VR) pin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently repairing or reworking a printed circuit board having a solder ball grid array thereon efficiently and at minimum cost includes the steps of drilling out a plated-through hole to sever electrical connections between a ball grid array pad on one surface of the printed circuit board and internal circuits and circuits on an opposite surface of the printed circuit board; inserting a pin having an insulated sleeve surrounding a portion thereof into the drilled-out hole, the pin having attached to one end a wire for attachment to the ball grid array on one surface of the printed circuit board and a post at the other end of the pin for attachment of a wire to the post; the pin having a stop along its length to control vertical positioning of the pin in the drilled-out hole, the pin referred to as a via replacement (VR) pin.

Abstract: A retaining arrangement is provided for retaining a bearing around a stub shaft having a machined cavity and which includes a ring forming a stop for the bearing nut and a locking piece.

Abstract: For a mulitlayer chip carrier module a computer program receives a large plurality of module design parameters and provides as output a graphical representation of the design together with text files that rate module wireability, including die pad position, attachment of each die pad to its BGA pad, and net cross-over; and quantifies the number of redistribution layers; summarizes input parameters; creates a truth table for rating wireability and thermal requirements; and provides cost sensitive parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently repairing or reworking a printed circuit board having a solder ball grid array thereon efficiently and at minimum cost includes the steps of drilling out a plated-through hole to sever electrical connections between a ball grid array pad on one surface of the printed circuit board and internal circuits and circuits on an opposite surface of the printed circuit board; inserting a pin having an insulated sleeve surrounding a portion thereof into the drilled-out hole, the pin having attached to one end a wire for attachment to the ball grid array on one surface of the printed circuit board and a post at the other end of the pin for attachment of a wire to the post; the pin having a stop along its length to control vertical positioning of the pin in the drilled-out hole, the pin referred to as a via replacement (VR) pin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently repairing or reworking a printed circuit board having a solder ball grid array thereon efficiently and at minimum cost includes the steps of drilling out a plated-through hole to sever electrical connections between a ball grid array pad on one surface of the printed circuit board and internal circuits and circuits on an opposite surface of the printed circuit board; inserting a pin having an insulated sleeve surrounding a portion thereof into the drilled-out hole, the pin having attached to one end a wire for attachment to the ball grid array on one surface of the printed circuit board and a post at the other end of the pin for attachment of a wire to the post; the pin having a stop along its length to control vertical positioning of the pin in the drilled-out hole, the pin referred to as a via replacement (VR) pin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently repairing or reworking a printed circuit board having a solder ball grid array thereon efficiently and at minimum cost includes the steps of drilling out a plated-through hole to sever electrical connections between a ball grid array pad on one surface of the printed circuit board and internal circuits and circuits on an opposite surface of the printed circuit board; inserting a pin having an insulated sleeve surrounding a portion thereof into the drilled-out hole, the pin having attached to one end a wire for attachment to the ball grid array on one surface of the printed circuit board and a post at the other end of the pin for attachment of a wire to the post; the pin having a stop along its length to control vertical positioning of the pin in the drilled-out hole, the pin referred to as a via replacement (VR) pin.

Abstract: A method of precisely positioning a quantity of conductive spacers (e.g., spherically shaped solder balls) on respective conductive pads (e.g., copper pads) of an underlying substrate (e.g., an FR4 printed circuit board or flexible circuit member) wherein the spacers are forcibly retained within a suitable holder and, when engaged with the respective pads, reflowed to effect a plurality of positive electrical connections between the spacers and pads. Such forcible retention allows for partial extension of the spacers from the invention's carrier, which is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process within substrate is provided with vias communicating with surface contacts or bumps. Joining material paste is forced through holes in a screen onto an area array of the contacts on the substrate then the screen is biased against the substrate as the paste is heated and cooled to transfer the joining material onto the contacts. Alternately, joining material paste is forced into the screen and then a substrate is placed onto the screen with an area array of bump contacts of the substrate in contact with the solder paste, and then the paste is heated and cooled to transfer the material onto the bumps. The joining material may be a solder paste, conductive adhesive paste, or transient liquid bond paste. The substrate may be a semiconductor chip substrate, flexible or rigid organic substrate, or a metal substrate coated to form a dielectric surface. Also, the substrate may be a computer chip, chip carrier substrate or a circuit board substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently repairing or reworking a printed circuit board having a solder ball grid array thereon efficiently and at minimum cost includes the steps of drilling out a plated-through hole to sever electrical connections between a ball grid array pad on one surface of the printed circuit board and internal circuits and circuits on an opposite surface of the printed circuit board; inserting a pin having an insulated sleeve surrounding a portion thereof into the drilled-out hole, the pin having attached to one end a wire for attachment to the ball grid array on one surface of the printed circuit board and a post at the other end of the pin for attachment of a wire to the post; the pin having a stop along its length to control vertical positioning of the pin in the drilled-out hole, the pin referred to as a via replacement (VR) pin.

Abstract: A method of precisely positioning a quantity of conductive spacers (e.g., spherically shaped solder balls) on respective conductive pads (e.g., copper pads) of an underlying substrate (e.g., an FR4 printed circuit board or flexible circuit member) wherein the spacers are forcibly retained within a suitable holder and, when engaged with the respective pads, reflowed to effect a plurality of positive electrical connections between the spacers and pads. Such forcible retention allows for partial extension of the spacers from the invention's carrier, which is also disclosed.

Abstract: A general purpose support system adaptable to a ski rack, bicycle rack, barricade, bench, table, advertising display, or the like, is formed of two tubular members, typically of steel tubing each bent in a single piece to form a leg portion at each end with an intermediate transverse portion therebetween. In service, at least one transverse portion may extend between the tops of the two respective leg portions. Each leg portion is attached to the opposite legs of the other tubular member. Two transverse members may be spaced apart from one another to form a yoke for carrying and to increase the capacity of the support for bicycles, skis and the like. The racks may be stackable for storage, and light enough to be moved to an inside storage location daily. Each leg portion is bent to form a knee portion located proximate the top thereof and near the transverse portion. The two tubular members may be anchored separately or may be joined at each end to be free-standing.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a module mounted on a card includes a heating chamber adapted to receive the card and module, a nozzle adapted to surround the module and provide a flow of heated gas thereover, and a heated support surface for heating a bottom surface of a card immediately underlying the module. The method of removing and replacing a module on a card includes preheating the card and module prior to heating the contact sites to a solder reflow temperature and also preheating a card and a replacement module to an equilibrium temperature prior to increasing the temperature of the contact sites to the reflow temperature. The apparatus and method embodying the present invention effectively addresses the problem of providing a faster heating cycle, and a more even temperature distribution across the contact sites of the module and card.

Abstract: An arrangement of a seat structure of a vehicle equipped with a hooking device for safety belts. The seat structure comprises a backrest and a seat and the backrest is mounted at the base thereof on the rear of the seat to pivot about a first transverse axis. The seat is mounted in the vicinity of the front part thereof to pivot about a second transverse axis. The hooking device is fixed to the seat and a connecting assembly is provided for connecting the hooking device to the floor of the vehicle. The connecting assembly comprises a latch carried by the hooking device and a keeper which is pivotally mounted on the floor. A device acting in opposition to elastically yieldable apparatuses is provided for maintaining the keeper engaged with the latch when the backrest is in the operative position thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns seat structures comprising a seat mounted to pivot through about 180.degree. about a transverse axis located in the vicinity of its front part and a backrest which is capable of being swung over forwardly through about 90.degree. about a transverse axis located adjacent its lower part. According to the invention, on at least one side of the seat there is provided a handle which is mounted on the seat to pivot about a transverse axis, this handle being associated with a protecting panel which is disposed flat under the seat in the normal position of use and is raisable so as to be roughly perpendicular to the seat in the utility position. In this position, the handle defines a support surface for the seat in the utility position.Application to vehicles of the semi-utility or break type.

Abstract: Plastic or elastomeric side elements of automobile bumpers are provided with shaped plates, attached thereto or embedded therein, which plates control the direction of buckling of the side elements when the bumper is driven inwardly upon impact of the vehicle. This inhibits damage to the fenders of the vehicle.