Abstract: Various embodiments include a sensor for use in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode by an insulation; and a connection arrangement secured to the first electrode and the insulation by a solder connection. The connection arrangement is configured to position the first electrode relative to the second electrode. The solder connection is arranged at least partly outside an electric field generated during measurement operation of the sensor by applying a first electrical potential to the first electrode and applying a second, different, electrical potential to the second electrode.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for the production of a sensor for an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, wherein the sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode. The method comprises: arranging a glass solder in a mold substantially between and substantially insulating the first electrode and the second electrode; arranging an insulating element in the mold in contact with a free surface of the glass solder; and finish molding the glass solder into a glass insulator together with the insulating element in a predetermined position relative to the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating element shapes the glass insulator during the finish molding and at least partially isolates the glass insulator from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine during a measuring operation of the sensor.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrostatic particle sensor to detect the particle concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode by an insulating body, a guard electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode and from the second electrode by the insulating body, and a voltage supply. The method comprises: applying a first electric potential to the first electrode; applying a second electric potential to the second electrode; applying an guard potential to the guard electrode; and limiting a first leakage current flowing between the first electrode and the guard electrode via the insulating body to a first leakage-current limiting value using a first electrical limiting resistor arranged between the guard electrode and the voltage supply.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to actuators. Various embodiments may include a laminated magnet armature for an electromagnetic actuating device, an injection valve for metering a fluid, and/or an electromagnetic actuating device having a laminated magnet armature. For example, a laminated magnet armature for an electromagnetic actuating device wherein the magnet armature is displaceable along an axis A in a movement direction may include a multiplicity of interconnected laminations oriented perpendicular to the axis A and stacked to form a lamination stack with a bottom side and a top side. Each lamination includes at least one recess open toward an edge of the lamination. The laminations are arranged within the lamination stack so the recesses form at least one duct extending through the lamination stack from the bottom side to the top side.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. Various embodiments thereof may include a fuel injection valve for a combustion engine comprising: a valve body with a cavity; a valve needle movable in the cavity; an actuator assembly to actuate the valve needle. The actuator assembly includes an electro-magnetic coil, a pole piece positioned inside the cavity, and an armature element. The armature element moves within the cavity to move the valve needle in a predetermined direction. A fixing ring abutting the pole piece, fixed to the valve body by means of joining to a circumferential surface of the cavity.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for the production of a sensor for an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, wherein the sensor comprises a first electrode and a second electrode. The method comprises: arranging a glass solder in a mold substantially between and substantially insulating the first electrode and the second electrode; arranging an insulating element in the mold in contact with a free surface of the glass solder; and finish molding the glass solder into a glass insulator together with the insulating element in a predetermined position relative to the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating element shapes the glass insulator during the finish molding and at least partially isolates the glass insulator from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine during a measuring operation of the sensor.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a sensor for use in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode by an insulation; and a connection arrangement secured to the first electrode and the insulation by a solder connection. The connection arrangement is configured to position the first electrode relative to the second electrode. The solder connection is arranged at least partly outside an electric field generated during measurement operation of the sensor by applying a first electrical potential to the first electrode and applying a second, different, electrical potential to the second electrode.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an electrostatic particle sensor to detect the particle concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode by an insulating body, a guard electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode and from the second electrode by the insulating body, and a voltage supply. The method comprises: applying a first electric potential to the first electrode; applying a second electric potential to the second electrode; applying an guard potential to the guard electrode; and limiting a first leakage current flowing between the first electrode and the guard electrode via the insulating body to a first leakage-current limiting value using a first electrical limiting resistor arranged between the guard electrode and the voltage supply.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to fluid injection and the teachings thereof may be embodied in an injector. Some embodiments include an injector comprising: a valve with a valve body and a valve needle; an armature mechanically coupled to the valve needle for moving the valve needle away from a closing position; and a damping element. The valve needle moves in the valve body and seals the valve. The armature displaces the valve needle away from the closing position. The damping element comprises: a hydraulic chamber and a piston arranged to modify a fluid volume of the hydraulic chamber. The piston reduces the fluid volume of the hydraulic chamber when the valve needle moves away from the closing position. A flow restricting orifice hydraulically connects the hydraulic chamber to the cavity.

Abstract: A valve assembly for an injection valve is disclosed, including a valve body with a cavity, a valve needle axially moveable in the cavity, the valve needle being fixedly connected to a retaining element which extends in radial direction and is arranged in an axial region of the valve needle facing away from the fluid outlet portion, and an armature being able to slide on the valve needle and acting on the needle by way of the retaining element. A conical spring is arranged between the retaining element and a top side of the armature facing the retaining element, biasing the armature away from the retaining element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. Various embodiments thereof may include a fuel injection valve for a combustion engine comprising: a valve body with a cavity; a valve needle movable in the cavity; an actuator assembly to actuate the valve needle. The actuator assembly includes an electro-magnetic coil, a pole piece positioned inside the cavity, and an armature element. The armature element moves within the cavity to move the valve needle in a predetermined direction. A fixing ring abutting the pole piece, fixed to the valve body by means of joining to a circumferential surface of the cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to fluid injection valves. Various embodiments may include a valve assembly for a fluid injection valve and a fluid injection valve including: a valve body with a longitudinal axis; a valve needle; and a preloaded calibration spring for biasing the valve needle. The calibration spring is preloaded by press-fitting a fixing region of the calibration spring with a fixing element, wherein the fixing region of the calibration spring extends from the upper part. The calibration spring comprises an adjustment cap arranged around the upper part of the spring element and press-fitted with the fixing element. A circumferential side wall of the adjustment cap provides the fixing region.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to actuators. Various embodiments may include a laminated magnet armature for an electromagnetic actuating device, an injection valve for metering a fluid, and/or an electromagnetic actuating device having a laminated magnet armature. For example, a laminated magnet armature for an electromagnetic actuating device wherein the magnet armature is displaceable along an axis A in a movement direction may include: a multiplicity of interconnected laminations. The laminations are oriented perpendicular to the axis A and are stacked in a movement direction of the magnet armature to form a lamination stack with a bottom side and a top side. Each lamination includes at least one recess open toward an edge of the lamination. The laminations are arranged within the lamination stack so the recesses form at least one duct extending through the lamination stack from the bottom side to the top side.

Abstract: A valve assembly for an injection valve is disclosed, including a valve body with a cavity, a valve needle axially moveable in the cavity, the valve needle being fixedly connected to a retaining element which extends in radial direction and is arranged in an axial region of the valve needle facing away from the fluid outlet portion, and an armature being able to slide on the valve needle and acting on the needle by way of the retaining element. A conical spring is arranged between the retaining element and a top side of the armature facing the retaining element, biasing the armature away from the retaining element.

Abstract: A tubular spring is provided for receiving and pretensioning a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator of an actuator unit, e.g., for actuating a fuel injector valve in internal combustion engines, wherein the tubular spring comprises at least two types of recesses, each comprising different maximum lateral extensions in the longitudinal direction of the tubular spring. The tubular spring is designed to comprise a uniform load distribution about the circumference of the tubular spring even without welding the longitudinal sides thereof abutting one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to fluid injection and the teachings thereof may be embodied in an injector. Some embodiments include an injector comprising: a valve with a valve body and a valve needle; an armature mechanically coupled to the valve needle for moving the valve needle away from a closing position; and a damping element. The valve needle moves in the valve body and seals the valve. The armature displaces the valve needle away from the closing position. The damping element comprises: a hydraulic chamber and a piston arranged to modify a fluid volume of the hydraulic chamber. The piston reduces the fluid volume of the hydraulic chamber when the valve needle moves away from the closing position. A flow restricting orifice hydraulically connects the hydraulic chamber to the cavity.

Abstract: A tubular spring is provided for receiving and pretensioning a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator of an actuator unit, e.g., for actuating a fuel injector valve in internal combustion engines, wherein the tubular spring comprises at least two types of recesses, each comprising different maximum lateral extensions in the longitudinal direction of the tubular spring. The tubular spring is designed to comprise a uniform load distribution about the circumference of the tubular spring even without welding the longitudinal sides thereof abutting one another.

Abstract: A wire saw (S) for separating a plurality of ceramic components (11-16) from a ceramic component block (1) has a roller system (2), the roller system has a plurality of deflecting rollers (3-5) guiding a wire (6) to form a wire harp (7), wherein at least one of the deflecting rollers (3) is divided into separate discs (31-36) guiding a single wire winding (61-66) of the wire (6) and being inclined at an adjustable angle (a) of less than 90 DEG to an axle (A) connecting the centers (M1-M6) of the discs (31-36).

Abstract: A piezoelectric component, e.g., for use as an actuator of a fuel injection valve in a motor vehicle, may include a stack-shaped actuator body including a plurality of piezoelectric elements and inner electrode layers arranged in an alternating manner in a stacking direction, each inner electrode layer being connected alternately to one of two metalizations on an outer face of the stack in an electrically conductive manner. Each metalization is connected to an electrically conductive electrode structure via an electrically conductive contacting element (e.g., adhesive or solder). The stack-shaped actuator body has at least one predetermined breaking point, and the metalizations and/or the contacting elements have a recess in the region of the at least one predetermined breaking point.

Abstract: A piezoelectric component with a monolithic stack, has electrode layers and piezoceramic layers arranged alternately one on top of the other, the piezoceramic layers have a piezoceramic, and having at least one porous security layer arranged in the stack for the formation of a crack if mechanical overload of the stack should occur. The piezoelectric component has an infiltration barrier arranged between the security layer and a lateral surface section of the stack for suppressing the penetration of a foreign substance into the security layer. The piezoelectric component can be as a piezoactuator for controlling a valve, particularly a valve of an internal combustion engine.