Abstract: In a method for the production of a gradient encapsulation layer 20 on a piezoelectric actuator 1, based on this gradient encapsulation layer 20, the piezoelectric actuator 1 does not 5 require an additional housing-like enveloping structure in order to be protected externally. The gradient encapsulation layer 20 is produced by cold gas spraying of particles having different material properties.

Abstract: A piezoelectric stack (1) has alternately successive piezoelectric layers (2) and inner electrode layers (3, 4) which are alternately electrically connected to two outer electrodes (7, 8) which are arranged on the outer side (5, 6) of the piezoelectric stack (1). The piezoelectric stack (1) also has at least one safety layer (9, 40, 50) which is arranged between two successive piezoelectric layers (2) instead of one of the inner electrode layers (3, 4). The safety layer (9, 40, 50) is structured in such a manner that it has an internal interruption (13, 44, 45, 53) which is configured in such a manner that the safety layer (9, 40, 50) does not form an electrical contact between the two outer electrodes (7, 8) if it contact-connects both outer electrodes (7, 8) and is electrically conductive.

Abstract: In a method for producing a multilayer encapsulation (1) of a piezo actuator (5) such that the piezo actuator (5) is protected towards the outside without having to use an additional enveloping housing-type structure, in order to produce the multilayer encapsulation (1), an electrically insulating elastic layer (10) is first applied to the surface of the piezo actuator (5), whereupon a metallic layer is applied to the electrically insulating elastic layer (10) so as to planarly cover the same.

Abstract: A piezoelectric stack (1) has alternately successive piezoelectric layers (2) and inner electrode layers (3, 4) which are alternately electrically connected to two outer electrodes (7, 8) which are arranged on the outer side (5, 6) of the piezoelectric stack (1). The piezoelectric stack (1) also has at least one safety layer (9, 40, 50) which is arranged between two successive piezoelectric layers (2) instead of one of the inner electrode layers (3, 4). The safety layer (9, 40, 50) is structured in such a manner that it has an internal interruption (13, 44, 45, 53) which is configured in such a manner that the safety layer (9, 40, 50) does not form an electrical contact between the two outer electrodes (7, 8) if it contact-connects both outer electrodes (7, 8) and is electrically conductive.

Abstract: A piezoelectric component with a monolithic stack, has electrode layers and piezoceramic layers arranged alternately one on top of the other, the piezoceramic layers have a piezoceramic, and having at least one porous security layer arranged in the stack for the formation of a crack if mechanical overload of the stack should occur. The piezoelectric component has an infiltration barrier arranged between the security layer and a lateral surface section of the stack for suppressing the penetration of a foreign substance into the security layer. The piezoelectric component can be as a piezoactuator for controlling a valve, particularly a valve of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A wire saw (S) for separating a plurality of ceramic components (11-16) from a ceramic component block (1) has a roller system (2), the roller system has a plurality of deflecting rollers (3-5) guiding a wire (6) to form a wire harp (7), wherein at least one of the deflecting rollers (3) is divided into separate discs (31-36) guiding a single wire winding (61-66) of the wire (6) and being inclined at an adjustable angle (a) of less than 90 DEG to an axle (A) connecting the centers (M1-M6) of the discs (31-36).

Abstract: In a method for detaching a plurality of ceramic components (11-15) from a ceramic component block (1), the following steps are provided: providing the component block (1); mounting a plurality of parallel wire segments (21-26) in a frame (3) to form a saw frame (2); and sawing the provided component block (1) into the plurality of components (11-15) using the saw frame (2).

Abstract: To optimize the results of rounding and therefore to optimize the high pressure resistance of the component, it is firstly proposed that prior to the machining step of hydro-erosive rounding, the edge (5) and the surfaces (4, 6) of the high pressure-resistant component (1) which adjoin the edge (5) are each placed under compressive stresses in the region of their surface by means of a grinding and/or honing process. Also with regard to the method, and with regard to an apparatus for the hydro-erosive rounding, it is proposed that a closure element (9) is inserted into the continuing first bore (2), downstream of the second bore (3), which branches off from the first bore, as seen in the main direction of flow (S) of the liquid (8) mixed with abrasives (7), in order to divert the liquid (8) mixed with abrasives (7) from the first bore (2) into the second bore (3).

Abstract: In a method for producing a multilayer encapsulation (1) of a piezo actuator (5) such that the piezo actuator (5) is protected towards the outside without having to use an additional enveloping housing-type structure, in order to produce the multilayer encapsulation (1), an electrically insulating elastic layer (10) is first applied to the surface of the piezo actuator (5), whereupon a metallic layer is applied to the electrically insulating elastic layer (10) so as to planarly cover the same.

Abstract: In a method for the production of a gradient encapsulation layer 20 on a piezoelectric actuator 1, based on this gradient encapsulation layer 20, the piezoelectric actuator 1 does not 5 require an additional housing-like enveloping structure in order to be protected externally. The gradient encapsulation layer 20 is produced by cold gas spraying of particles having different material properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to the prevention of injuries and material damage caused by doors (2) of stopped and/or parked motor vehicles (1) by means of at least one camera (4) which monitors the exterior (3) of, especially the space next to and/or above, the vehicle (1). According to the invention, a mode of operation monitoring the inner (7) and/or outer (8) door handle is activated and the exterior (3) of the motor vehicle (1) is monitored by means of the camera (4) if an evaluation unit (6) detects that a fixed or variable speed-related, acceleration-related, and/or distance-related threshold value (SW) is not met, e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to the prevention of injuries and material damage caused by doors (2) of stopped and/or parked motor vehicles (1) by means of at least one camera (4) which monitors the exterior (3) of, especially the space next to and/or above, the vehicle (1). According to the invention, a mode of operation monitoring the inner (7) and/or outer (8) door handle is activated and the exterior (3) of the motor vehicle (1) is monitored by means of the camera (4) if an evaluation unit (6) detects that a fixed or variable speed-related, acceleration-related, and/or distance-related threshold value (SW) is not met, e.g.

Abstract: An example fuel injector orifice plate assembly includes a plastic plate within which is an orifice for metering and directing fuel flow in a desired spray pattern, and a metal support plate for supporting and maintaining the stability of the desired spray pattern generated by the orifices within the plastic plate. The orifice plate includes orifices sized to provide a desired spray pattern of fuel. The metal support plate is more rigid than the orifice plate and provides the desired strength and rigidity for withstanding the cyclical pressure fluctuations caused by operation of the fuel injector.

Abstract: To optimize the results of rounding and therefore to optimize the high pressure resistance of the component, it is firstly proposed that prior to the machining step of hydro-erosive rounding, the edge (5) and the surfaces (4, 6) of the high pressure-resistant component (1) which adjoin the edge (5) are each placed under compressive stresses in the region of their surface by means of a grinding and/or honing process. Also with regard to the method, and with regard to an apparatus for the hydro-erosive rounding, it is proposed that a closure element (9) is inserted into the continuing first bore (2), downstream of the second bore (3), which branches off from the first bore, as seen in the main direction of flow (S) of the liquid (8) mixed with abrasives (7), in order to divert the liquid (8) mixed with abrasives (7) from the first bore (2) into the second bore (3).

Abstract: A pump-nozzle unit for feeding fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a controllable fuel pump, which comprises a control valve with a valve needle which is deflected by a piezo actuator, the comparatively small travel of the piezo actuator being increased by a mechanical step-up converter to the extent required for deflection of the valve needle. In order not to endanger the ability of the control valve housing to withstand pressure yet nevertheless to provide relatively wear-resistant bearing regions (80, 82) which come into contact with the mechanical step-up converter (56, 58), it is provided that the control valve housing is formed from a material with a relatively low basic hardness, for example from Ovako 677, and that the bearing regions (80, 82) of the control valve (22) are hardened further by laser means.

Abstract: A workpiece is coated with carbonizable polymer for laser machining an aperture through the workpiece. The workpiece is protected by the polymer during laser machining so that the surface of the workpiece and areas surrounding the aperture are substantially free of debris produced by the laser machining process. The carbonized polymer is removed after laser machining. A method of forming an aperture by a laser on a thin metallic plate is also described.

Abstract: A workpiece is coated with carbonizable polymer for laser machining an aperture through the workpiece. The workpiece is protected by the polymer during laser machining so that the surface of the workpiece and areas surrounding the aperture are substantially free of debris produced by the laser machining process. The carbonized polymer is removed after laser machining. A method of forming an aperture by a laser on a thin metallic plate is also describe.

Abstract: A component includes a glass substrate, an organic light-emitting diode arranged on the glass substrate, and a glass cover arranged over the organic light-emitting diode. The glass cover is glued to the edge to the glass substrate. The cover is one produced from a glass plate by three-dimensional removal of material using a blasting method.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for forming chamfers in an orifice of a workpiece. The orifice has an axis, which extends between a first surface and second surface of the workpiece, where the first and second surfaces are parallel to each other. The chamfers are disposed between the first surface and the second surface. The method includes forming an orifice in a workpiece with a source of non-collimated light directed at the workpiece at a predetermined first time interval, and forming a chamfer with a source of collimated light at a second time interval during the first time interval. The apparatus includes at least one source of collimated and non-collimated light, various spatial filters that can be used with the laser light source, a non-collimated light generating arrangement, and at least one shutter and at least one iris that direct collimated and non-collimated light at the workpiece to form the orifice. The apparatus is configured such that the orifice has a surface roughness of between approximately 0.

Abstract: A device and method that can form a plurality of chamfered orifices where the orifices are consistent dimensionally, such as, for example, the diameter, the surface roughness, and/or the geometry of the chamfers. The device includes a laser light source that emits generally coherent light along an axis towards a workpiece. The device also includes a splitter assembly that directs a first portion and a second portion of the generally coherent light about the axis such that at least one orifice and at least one chamfer is formed in the work piece. The device is configured such that it can form an orifice and at least one chamfer having a surface roughness of less than two microns and an orifice coefficient ratio at least 0.6. The preferred method includes providing at least a first beam and a second beam that are emitted from the laser light source, and forming at least one orifice in the work piece by directing at least one of the first and second beams towards the workpiece.