Abstract: The present invention is directed to a bottle (20) with a tamper-proof cap (21) with an outlet in the cap for dispensing the liquid from the bottle. The bottle is designed, in particular, for use in an inverted configuration, namely with the outlet lowermost in normal use, in a device for dispensing liquid soap or the like.

Abstract: A dispenser comprising a base unit (2) with an actuation mechanism for dispensing liquid and a refill unit (1) insertible into the base unit (2) in an inverted configuration with its outlet lowermost for the supply of liquid to the base unit (2), the refill unit (1) comprising an annular wall (30) projecting into the refill unit (1) and defining an outlet from the refill unit (1), the annular wall (30) being closable at its innermost end by a valve element (33) biased onto the annular wall 30), the base unit (2) comprising a hollow spigot (11) and an annular seal (14) surrounding and spaced from the top of the spigot (11) whereby insertion of the refill unit (1) into the base unit (2) causes the spigot (11) to enter the annular wall (30) and to lift the valve element (33) from the annular wall (30) to define a flow path from the refill unit (1), through at least one cut-out portion formed in the top of the spigot (11) and/or the bottom of the valve element (33) and down the hollow spigot (11), and the annular

Abstract: This invention concerns a quantum device, suitable for quantum computing, based on dopant atoms located in a solid semiconductor or insulator substrate. In further aspects the device is scaled up. The invention also concerns methods of reading out from the devices, initializing them, using them to perform logic operations and making them.

Abstract: A system for positioning a load including a support column, a drive rail unit coupled to the support column, the drive rail unit moveable relative to the support column, a vertical carriage moveable along the support column, wherein the vertical carriage supports the load, an engagement member which engages the drive rail and which moves along the drive rail, and a motor which applies force to the engagement member, causing the engagement member to move along the drive rail. The motor is coupled to the vertical carriage so that, as the motor applies force to the engagement member, the vertical carriage moves relative to the drive rail unit, the vertical carriage is also moveable with the drive rail unit so that the vertical carriage and the drive rail unit move relative to the support column. A method of positioning a load is also provided.

Abstract: This invention concerns an electronic device for the control and readout of the electron or hole spin of a single dopant in silicon. The device comprises a silicon substrate in which there are one or more ohmic contact regions. An insulating region on top of the substrate. First and second barrier gates spaced apart to isolate a small region of charges to form an island of a Single Electron Transistor (SET). A third gate over-lying both the first and second barrier gates, but insulated from them, the third gate being able to generate a gate-induced charge layer (GICL) in the ESR line substrate beneath it. A fourth gate in close proximity to a single dopant donor gate atom, the dopant atom being encapsulated in the substrate outside the region of the GICL but close enough to allow spin-dependent charge tunnelling between the dopant atom and the SET island under the control of gate potentials, mainly the fourth gate.