Abstract: An energy director (1055) for a catheter system (100) for treating a treatment site (106) within or adjacent to a vessel wall (108A) or heart valve within a body (107) of a patient (109). The catheter system (100) includes an energy source (124) that generates energy, a balloon (104) having a balloon distal region (1004DR) that has a varying diameter, and a balloon proximal region (1004PR) having a substantially constant diameter, and an energy guide (122A) including a guide distal end (122D), the energy guide (122A) being configured to receive the energy from the energy source (124). The energy director (1055) can include a guide sleeve (1057) that is secured to the energy guide (122), the guide sleeve at least partially (1057) encircling the guide distal end (122D) of the energy guide (122A). The guide sleeve (1057) extends distally from the guide distal end (122D) in a direction toward the balloon distal region (1004DR).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit KRas G12C. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds that irreversibly inhibit the activity of KRas G12C, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of use therefor.

Abstract: The present specification discloses methods and systems for automatically processing an electronic data structure by receiving the electronic data structure that has categories associated therewith, determining, for a first subset of the categories, to automatically update a first set of states associated with the electronic data structure without routing the electronic data structure to a stakeholder, and determining, for a second subset of the categories, to route the electronic data structure to at least one stakeholder. After routing a portion of the electronic data structure to at least one stakeholder and receiving input from that stakeholder, a second set of states is updated based upon the received input and data is generated that is visually representative of each of the first set of states and second set of states.

Abstract: A catheter system (100) for treating a treatment site (106) includes a first light source (124), a plurality of light guides (122A), a multiplexer (128), a multiplexer alignment system (142), and a first beamsplitter (268). The first light source (124) generates a source beam (124A). The multiplexer (128) receives the source beam (124A), and alternatively directs the source beam (124A) to each of the plurality of light guides (122A). The multiplexer alignment system (142) is operatively coupled to the multiplexer (128). The multiplexer alignment system (142) includes a second light source (270) that generates a probe source beam (270A) that is directed to scan across a guide proximal end (122P) of each of the plurality of light guides (122A) so that a time is determined to generate the source beam (124A) so that the source beam (124A) is optically coupled to the guide proximal end (122P) of each of the plurality of light guides (122A).

Abstract: A method for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve, includes the steps of (i) generating light energy with a light source; (ii) positioning a balloon substantially adjacent to the treatment site, the balloon having a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid; (iii) receiving the light energy from the light source with a light guide at a guide proximal end; (iv) guiding the light energy with the light guide in a first direction from the guide proximal end toward a guide distal end that is positioned within the balloon interior; and (v) optically analyzing with an optical analyzer assembly light energy from the light guide, wherein the light energy that is analyzed moves in a second direction that is opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A medical apparatus including an endoscopic tool including first and second members longitudinally slidable relative to each other; and a control connected to a proximal end of the endoscopic tool. The control includes a housing and an actuation mechanism. The actuation mechanism is longitudinally slidably connected to the housing. The actuation mechanism has the first member and/or the second member connected thereto. The housing includes a connector configured to removably connect the housing to a control section of an endoscope.

Abstract: A method for treating a treatment site (106) within or adjacent to a vessel wall (108A) or a heart valve using a catheter system (100) includes the steps of generating light energy (224A, 224B, 324A, 324B, 424B) using a light source (124); directing the light energy (224A, 224B, 324A, 324B, 424B) toward at least one of a first guide proximal end (122P) of a first light guide (122A) and a second guide proximal end (122P) of a second light guide (122A); determining an alignment of the light energy (224A, 224B, 324A, 324B, 424B) relative to the at least one of the guide proximal ends (122P) of the light guides (122A) with an optical alignment system (257); and adjusting a positioning of the light energy (224A, 224B, 324A, 324B, 424B) relative to the at least one of the guide proximal ends (122P) of the light guides (122A) with the optical alignment system (257) based at least partially on the alignment of the light energy (224A, 224B, 324A, 324B, 424B).

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for defining and executing functions for determining a matching entity that is relevant to an entity of interest when, for example, there is a significant number of intermediary links and entities between the matching entity and the entity of interest. A visual depiction of a path traversal from a seed input entity to an output matched entity can be presented to an end user in a manner that allows the end user to ascertain the sequence of intermediary links and entities that connect the matched entity to the seed entity.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a thermally robust laser probe assembly comprising a cannula, wherein one or more optical fibers extend at least partially through the cannula for transmitting laser light from a laser source to a target location. The probe assembly further comprises a lens housed in the cannula and a protective component press-fitted to the distal end of the cannula, wherein the lens is positioned between the one or more optical fibers and the protective component.

Abstract: A catheter system for treating site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve includes a light source, a first and second light guide, and an optical alignment system. The light source generates light energy. The first and second light guides receive the light energy from the light source and have respective guide proximal ends. A multiplexer directs the light energy toward the guide proximal ends of the first and second light guides. The optical alignment system determines an alignment of the light energy relative to at least one of the guide proximal ends and adjusts the positioning of the light energy relative to the at least one of the guide proximal ends based at least partially on the alignment of the light energy relative to the at least one of the guide proximal ends.

Abstract: A catheter system (100) for treating a treatment site (106) within or adjacent to a blood vessel (108) includes a power source (124), a light guide (122) and a plasma target (242). In various embodiments, the light guide (122) receives power from the power source (124). The light guide (122) has a distal tip (244), and the light guide (122) emits light energy (243) in a direction away from the distal tip (244). The plasma target (242) is spaced apart from the distal tip (244) of the light guide (122) by a target gap distance (245). The plasma target (242) is configured to receive light energy (243) from the light guide (122) so that a plasma bubble (234) is generated at the plasma target (242). The power source (124) can be a laser and the light guide (122) can be an optical fiber. The catheter system (100) can also an inflatable balloon (104) that encircles the distal tip (244) of the light guide (122). The plasma target (242) can be positioned within the inflatable balloon (104).

Abstract: A method for treating a treatment site within a body of a patient with a catheter system includes generating energy with an energy source; positioning an inflatable balloon substantially adjacent to the treatment site, the inflatable balloon having a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid; receiving energy from the energy source with an energy guide; guiding the energy with the energy guide into the balloon interior; sensing acoustic sound waves generated in the balloon fluid with an acoustic sensor that is positioned outside of the body of the patient; generating a sensor signal with the acoustic sensor based at least in part on the sensed acoustic sound waves; electrically coupling a system controller to the acoustic sensor; receiving the sensor signal from the acoustic sensor with the system controller; and controlling operation of the catheter system with the system controller based at least in part on the sensor signal, the system controller being configured to recogni

Abstract: A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a blood vessel includes a power source, a light guide and a plasma target. In various embodiments, the light guide receives power from the power source. The light guide has a distal tip, and the light guide emits light energy in a direction away from the distal tip. The plasma target is spaced apart from the distal tip of the light guide by a target gap distance. The plasma target is configured to receive light energy from the light guide so that a plasma bubble is generated at the plasma target. The power source can be a laser and the light guide can be an optical fiber. In certain embodiments, the catheter system can also an inflatable balloon that encircles the distal tip of the light guide. The plasma target can be positioned within the inflatable balloon. The target gap distance can be greater than 1 ?m. The plasma target can have a target face that receives the light energy from the light guide.

Abstract: A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve, includes a light source, a balloon, a light guide and an optical analyzer assembly. The light source generates first light energy. The balloon is positionable substantially adjacent to the treatment site. The balloon has a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid. The light guide receives the first light energy and guides the first light energy in a first direction from a guide proximal end toward a guide distal end positioned within the balloon interior. The optical analyzer assembly optically analyzes a second light energy from the light guide that moves in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. The optical analyzer assembly includes a safety shutdown system to inhibit the first light energy from being received by the guide proximal end of the light guide.

Abstract: A catheter system (100) for treating one or more treatment sites (106) within or adjacent to a vessel wall (108) or a heart valve includes an energy source (124), an energy guide (122A), and a plasma generator (133). The energy source (124) is configured to generate (i) an energizing pulse, and (ii) a conditioning pulse that alternately generates a lower energy than the energizing pulse. The energy source (124) includes a source adjuster (224A) that conditions the energy source (124). The energy guide (122A) is configured to selectively receive energy. The energy guide (122A) includes a guide proximal end (122P) and a guide distal end (122D). The energy source (124) is coupled to the guide proximal end (122P). The plasma generator (133) is coupled to the guide distal end (122D). The plasma generator (133) includes a generator target (233T) having a target surface (233S).

Abstract: A catheter system (100) for treating a vascular lesion (106A) within or adjacent to a vessel wall (108A) within a body (107) of a patient (109). The catheter system (100) includes a light source (124), a receptacle assembly (274), a first light guide (122A) and a second light guide (122A), a multiplexer (128), and an alignment assembly (256). The light source (124) generates a source beam (124A) of light energy. The first light guide (122A) and the second light guide (122A) are coupled to the receptacle assembly (274), each light guide (122A) having a guide proximal end (122P). The multiplexer (128) receives the source beam (124A) from the light source (124), the multiplexer (128) directing individual guide beams (124B) from the source beam (124A) to each of the guide proximal end (122P) of the first light guide (122A) and the guide proximal end (122P) of the second light guide (122A).

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical cell comprising an anode; an electrolyte having a solubility for sulfur-containing species of less than 15 mM; a cathode comprising greater than 65 wt. % sulfur, wherein the cathode comprises a carbon-sulfur composite material; and wherein the composite material comprises greater than 65 weight % sulfur based on the total weight of the composite material; and wherein the carbon sulfur composite material is formed from an electroconductive carbon material having an average pore volume of 1.5?3 cm3 g?1 and an average pore diameter of less than 3 nm.

Abstract: A catheter system and method for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve within a body of a patient includes an energy source, an inflatable balloon, an energy guide, and an acoustic sensor. The inflatable balloon is positionable substantially adjacent to the treatment site. The inflatable balloon has a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid. The energy guide receives energy from the energy source and guides the energy into the balloon interior. The acoustic sensor is positioned outside the body of the patient. The acoustic sensor senses acoustic sound waves generated in the balloon fluid within the balloon interior. The acoustic sensor generates a sensor signal based at least in part on the sensed acoustic sound waves.

Abstract: A catheter system (100) includes an inflatable balloon (104), an optical fiber (122), and a laser (124). The optical fiber (122) has a distal end positioned within the inflatable balloon (104). The optical fiber (122) receives an energy pulse (431) to emit light energy in a direction away from the optical fiber (122) to generate a plasma pulse (134) within the inflatable balloon (104). The laser (124) includes a seed source (126) that emits a seed pulse (342) and an amplifier (128) that increases energy of the seed pulse (342) so that the laser (124) generates the energy pulse (431) that is received by the optical fiber (122), the energy pulse (431) having a waveform with a duration T, a minimum power PO, a peak power PP, and a time from PO to PP equal to TP.

Abstract: A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve, includes a light source, a balloon, a light guide and an optical analyzer assembly. The light source generates first light energy. The balloon is positionable substantially adjacent to the treatment site. The balloon has a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid. The light guide receives the first light energy and guides the first light energy in a first direction from a guide proximal end toward a guide distal end positioned within the balloon interior. The optical analyzer assembly optically analyzes a second light energy from the light guide that moves in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. The optical analyzer assembly includes a safety shutdown system to inhibit the first light energy from being received by the guide proximal end of the light guide.