Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range or gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## where R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: 3-Carbamoyloxymethyl and 3-N-methylcarbamoyloxymethyl cephalosporin antibiotics in which the 7.beta.-acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## where R is thienyl, furyl or phenyl; R.sup.a is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or phenyl, and R.sup.b is hydrogen, carboxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 carbalkoxy or any of the groups designated for R.sup.a, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C.sub.3-7 cycloalkylidene or cycloalkenylidene group; exhibit broad spectrum antibiotic activity charcterized by particularly high activity against gram negative microorganisms, including those which produce .beta.-lactamases. The compounds, which are syn isomers or exist as mixtures of syn and anti isomers containing at least 90% of the syn isomer, have particularly high in vitro activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and Proteus organisms; and also shown unusually high activity against Pseudomonas organisms.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## where R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof, and 6.beta.-acylamidopenam-3-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof, characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## where R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##STR1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: Novel 6.beta.-isocyano penicillin and 7.beta.-isocyano cephalosporin esters of value as intermediates in the synthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics are provided. The novel compounds may be prepared by reaction of the corresponding 6.beta.-formamido penicillin ester or 7.beta.-formamido cephalosporin ester with an acid halide derived from phosphorus, sulphur or carbon or from an oxygen acid of one of said elements, suitable halides including thionyl chloride or phosgene, or with a trivalent phosphorus compound such as triphenylphosphine and a halogenated hydrocarbon such as carbon tetrachloride. The conversion of the novel products to 6.beta.- and 7.beta.-(.alpha.-hydroxy) arylacetamido penicillins and cephalosporins respectively by reaction under acidic conditions with an aromatic aldehyde followed by treatment with an aqueous medium is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 6.beta.-acylamidopenam-3-carboxylic acids and non-toxic derivatives thereof, characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pictorial data transmission systems for transmitting fixed images from one point to another. The invention employs two modes for encoding successive blocks of elements (typically four elements by four elements). If a data block contains black elements, the system sequentially compares a series of a selected vocabulary of simple geometric patterns in a pattern library, with the pattern of black elements in the data block. The library of reference patterns are compared in the order of most black to least black. The bit compare logic of the subject invention determines when all the elements of a first reference pattern compare with elements present in the data block. The bit compare logic then indicates whether any bit locations in the data block are leftover after the comparison with the first reference pattern. Leftover elements are matched with a second reference pattern which in turn is encoded and transmitted on an output line.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 6.beta.-acylamidopenam-3-carboxylic acids, and nontoxic derivatives thereof, characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds may be either syn or anti isomers or may exist as mixtures e.g. containing at least 75% of one isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive organisms including penicillinase - producing staphylococci coupled with high activity against strains of the gram-negative organism Haemophilus influenzae. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: Cephalosporin antibiotics in which the 7.beta.-acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## where R.sup.1 is a furyl, thienyl or phenyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.7 cycloalkyl or phenyl group and in which the 3-position substituent is a carbamoyloxymethyl group possess a particularly valuable combination of properties, exhibiting high antibacterial activity against a broad range of gram positive and gram negative organisms, particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various organisms, and stability in vivo. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures of syn and anti isomers containing at least 90% of the syn isomer. Particularly important compounds of this type are (6R,7R)-3-carbamoyloxymethyl -7-[2-(fur-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid (syn isomer) and its non-toxic derivatives, e.g. the sodium salt.

Abstract: Novel 6.beta.-isocyano penicillin and 7.beta.-isocyano cephalosporin esters of value as intermediates in the synthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics are provided. The novel compounds may be prepared by reaction of the corresponding 6.beta.-formamido penicillin ester or 7.beta.-formamido cephalosporin ester with an acid halide derived from phosphorus, sulphur or carbon or from an oxygen acid of one of said elements, suitable halides including thionyl chloride or phosgene, or with a trivalent phosphorus compound such as triphenylphosphine and a halogenated hydrocarbon such as carbon tetrachloride. The conversion of the novel products to 6.beta.- and 7.beta.- (.alpha.-hydroxy) arylacetamido penicillins and cephalosporins respectively by reaction under acidic conditions with an aromatic aldehyde followed by treatment with an aqueous medium is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 7.beta.-acylamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## where R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range or gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds comprising 7.beta.-acylamido-3-carbamoyloxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids and non-toxic derivatives thereof wherein the acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## IN WHICH R is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl group and R.sup.a is a lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl group. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various organisms and stability in the presence of human serum. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: Steroids of the androstane and pregnane series possessing a 2.alpha.-hydrogen or halogen or an alkyl group; a 3.alpha.-hydroxy or acyloxy group, a 3.beta.-hydrogen or alkyl group; an 11.beta.-hydrogen or hydroxy group or an epoxy group linked also to the 9-position; an 11.alpha.-hydrogen or alkyl or allyl group; or an 11-oxo group; a 16 hydrogen or halogen or a methyl or dimethyl group; a 20-oxo or ethylenedioxy group; and a 20-methyl or alkoxy group. The compounds may be unsaturated at the 1(2), 8(9) or 9(11) positions.The compounds possess anaesthetic properties.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 6.beta.-acylamidopenam-3-carboxylic acids and non-toxic derivatives thereof, characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group. The compounds are syn isomers or exist as mixtures containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive and gram negative organisms coupled with particularly high stability to .beta.-lactamases produced by various gram negative organisms. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel antibiotic compounds which are 6.beta.-acylamidopenam-3-carboxylic acids, and non-toxic derivatives thereof, characterized in that the acylamido group has the structure ##EQU1## WHERE R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R.sup.a is an etherifying monovalent organic group linked to the oxygen atom through a carbon atom. The compounds may be either syn or anti isomers or may exist as mixtures e.g. containing at least 75 percent of one isomer. These antibiotic compounds possess high antibacterial activity against a range of gram positive organisms including penicillinase - producing staphylococci coupled with high activity against strains of the gram-negative organism Haemophilus influenzae. The invention is also concerned with the administration of the compounds.