Abstract: The apparatus and method provide a technique for significantly reducing capacitance effects in detector electrodes arising due to movement of the instrument relative to the item/location being monitored in ion detection based techniques. The capacitance variations are rendered less significant by placing an electrically conducting element between the detector electrodes and the monitored location/item. Improved sensitivity and reduced noise signals arise as a result. The technique also provides apparatus and method suitable for monitoring elongate items which are unsuited to complete enclosure in one go within a chamber. The items are monitored part by part as the pass through the instrument, so increasing the range of items or locations which can be successfully monitored.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus (34) suitable for capturing an image of one or more of a user's facial features is disclosed. The apparatus includes a spherical cold mirror (45) which presents a concave surface to the user and is disposed between the user and the camera (47). The user is able to conclude that he is close enough to the camera (47) for successful image capture when the reflection he sees in the mirror (45) is the right way up. In a preferred embodiment, markings are provided on the front surface of the mirror to aid the user in placing his eye within a predetermined range of distances from the camera (47). The imaging apparatus 34 is suitable for use in iris recognition apparatuses and provides a relatively inexpensive alternative to known apparatuses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring alpha contamination are provided in which ions generated in the air surrounding the item, by the passage of alpha particles, are moved to a distant detector location. The parts of the item from which ions are withdrawn can be controlled by restricting the air flow over different portions of the apparatus. In this way, detection of internal and external surfaces separately, for instance, can be provided. The apparatus and method are particularly suited for use in undertaking alpha contamination measurements during the commissioning operations.

Abstract: A device to prevent damage to a musical instrument from impact, shock, impingement, contact, and abrasion, which comprises a relatively rigid, resilient shell, a compressible lining, and straps as a means of attaching the device to the musical instrument.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide techniques for monitoring the position on alpha contamination in or on items or locations. The technique is particularly applicable to pipes, conduits and other locations to which access is difficult. The technique uses indirect monitoring of alpha emissions by detecting ions generated by the alpha emissions. The medium containing the ions is moved in a controlled manner frog in proximity with the item or location to the detecting unit and the signals achieved over time are used to generate alpha source position information.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide techniques through which both alpha and beta emission determinations can be made simultaneously using a simple detector structure. The technique uses a beta detector covered in an electrically conducting material, the electrically conducting material discharging ions generated by alpha emissions, and as a consequence providing a measure of those alpha emissions. The technique also offers improved mountings for alpha detectors and other forms of detectors against vibration and the consequential effects vibration has on measurement accuracy.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide techniques for effectively implementing alpha and/or beta and/or gamma monitoring of items or locations as desired. Indirect alpha monitoring by detecting ions generated by alpha emissions, in conjunction with beta and/or gamma monitoring is provided. The invention additionally provides for screening of items prior to alpha monitoring using beta and/or gamma monitoring, so as to ensure that the alpha monitoring apparatus is not contaminated by proceeding direct to alpha monitoring of a heavily contaminated item or location. The invention provides additional versatility in the emission forms which can be monitored, whilst maintaining accuracy and avoiding inadvertent contamination.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide a technique for significantly reducing capacitance effects in detector electrodes arising due to movement of the instrument relative to the item/location being monitored in ion detection based techniques. The capacitance variations are rendered less significant by placing an electrically conducting element between the detector electrodes and the monitored location/item. Improved sensitivity and reduced noise signals arise as a result. The technique also provides apparatus and method suitable for monitoring elongate items which are unsuited to complete enclosure in one go within a chamber. The items are monitored part by part as the pass through the instrument, so increasing the range of items or locations which can be successfully monitored.

Abstract: A personal identification apparatus for providing information characteristic of an eye includes a housing with an entrance window through which a user looks at a target object. An image capture device within the housing operates to provide an image signed representing features of the eye and responsive to non-visible light reflected from the eye. In addition to the illumination source for the non-visible light reflected from the eye the apparatus also includes an optical element substantially transparent to the non-visible light and which has a first region less transparent to visible light from the target object than a second region. The arrangement of the apparatus is such that the image capture device views the eye through the second region of the optical element and the eye views the target object through the first region of the optical element.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide a technique for more simply measuring alpha and/or beta emissions arising from items or locations. The technique uses indirect monitoring of the emissions by detecting ions generated by the emissions, the ions being attracted electrostatically to electrodes for discharge of collection. The apparatus and method employ a chamber which is sealed around the item or location during monitoring with no air being drawn into or expelled from the chamber during the monitoring process. A simplified structure and operations arises as a result, but without impairing the efficiency and accuracy of the detection technique.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide an improved technique for detecting ions as the area from which ions are attracted to a detector is increased, consequently increasing the number of ions detected. This is achieved by providing the outer electrodes of the detector connected to the electrical potential, together with alternate intermediate electrodes. The other intermediate electrodes and preferably the housing are grounded. The technique renders such detection techniques more sensitive and gives them a lower threshold at which they can function.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provide a technique for improving detection of alpha and/or beta emitting sources on items or in locations using indirect means. The emission forms generate ions in a medium surrounding the item or location and the medium is then moved to a detecting location where the ions are discharged to give a measure of the emission levels. To increase the level of ions generated and render the system particularly applicable for narrow pipes and other forms of conduits, the medium pressure is increased above atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus and methods which facilitate movement of an instrument relative to an item or location being monitored and/or the item or location relative to the instrument, whilst successfully excluding extraneous ions from the detection location. Thus, ions generated by emissions from the item or location can successfully be monitored during movement. The technique employs sealing to exclude such ions, for instance, through an electro-field which attracts and discharges the ions prior to their entering the detecting location and/or using a magnetic field configured to repel the ions away from the detecting location.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for signalling a telephone switch to indicate the presence of a telephone of a pre-defined type on a subscriber loop. A subscriber loop is sensed to detect whether or not a telephone of a pre-defined type is connected to the subscriber loop. A first acknowledgement signal is transmitted to the telephone switch if the telephone of the pre-defined type is connected to the subscriber loop and off-hook and a second acknowledgement signal is transmitted to the telephone switch if the telephone of the pre-defined type is not off-hook.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a polishing tool having multiple arms is provided. In accordance with one embodiment, a first removal rate for each arm based on a first wafer run is determined. A downforce adjustment input for each arm is then determined based on a process model, for the arms, which relates a removal rate for a given arm to downforce adjustments on each of the arms and using each first removal rate. The downforce adjustment input for each arm is provided to the polishing tool for polishing a subsequent run. In this manner, the method takes into account each arms removal rate dependency on the downforce adjustments for all of the arms. This can provide reduced removal rate variations between arms as well as between wafer lots and improve the characteristics of the ultimately formed semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a stutter dial tone SDT signal. The method includes the steps of, receiving a received signal from a subscriber loop, generating a signal envelope of the received signal, generating a threshold parameter value from the signal envelope, counting the number of threshold parameter crossings undertaken by the signal envelope and producing a signal indicating SDT signal has been received when number of threshold crossings exceeds a predefined value.

Abstract: When two or more telephone sets are in use on the same subscriber's loop, their activities may not be properly detected or monitored by the central office switch. The present invention provides a method of and an apparatus for coordinating activities so that call waiting caller ID or off-hook caller ID or other service features can work even if there are off-hook extensions on the same loop. The invention ensures that only one set among a plurality of off-hook sets responds to the switch.

Abstract: A method and system for maintaining revision control of a set of objects within a data processing system, wherein the set of objects are linearly interrelated, such that a subsequent object is related to a preceding object. Each object is created, accessed and maintained within a hierarchial promotion structure having a number of levels. A first database is created, which includes data identifying the linear interrelation between objects within the set of objects. The data includes a revision identifier associated with each set of objects. A status indicator is associated with each object within the hierarchial promotion structure, wherein a user may access the set of objects utilizing a revision identifier or hierarchial promotion structure indicator.

Abstract: Library management systems are used in data processing systems as a repository for objects such as computer programming code, textual information and various other types of data. Any object may be taken from the library, modified and returned as a new version. Several new versions may be created, each of which may also have new versions created, making it difficult to obtain the "correct" version. To resolve this difficulty, all versions are associated with their changes in order to determine whether a requested action, such as promoting a version from test to production, is allowable and truly desired. Thus, when an action is requested in terms of a number of reasons and a baseline version, any additional reasons for change associated with versions between the baseline and the desired version are determined. It is also determined whether there is a single version that encompasses exactly those versions created for the specified reasons from the baseline version.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive permalloy film is deposited upon a substrate and coated with a separating layer composed of titanium or a similar high resistivity, conductive material. A soft biasing layer of a material such as permalloy or a hard biasing material such as cobalt chromium is deposited upon the separating layer to complete a sandwich. All layers are coextensive in outline because their outlines are formed by a single etching step.