Abstract: A microstrip impedance transformer that permits efficient (i.e. low loss) coupling of a microwave feed line (e.g. a conventional 50? coaxial cable) to an instrument cable, where the instrument cable has a lower impedance (e.g. in the range 12 to 14?) and includes an internal passageway. The microstrip impedance transformer is configured to perform impedance matching between the microwave feed line and the instrument cable in a manner that does not adversely affect a separate feed, e.g. for delivering fluid, into the internal passageway.

Abstract: An isolating circuit for electrosurgical generator arranged to produce radiofrequency (RF) energy and microwave energy for treating biological tissue. The generator has an RF channel and a microwave channel which are combined at signal combiner to enable the RF energy and microwave energy to be delivered into tissue along a common feed path. The isolating circuit comprises a tunable waveguide isolator at a junction between the microwave channel and signal combiner, and can include a capacitive structure between a ground conductor of the signal combiner and a conductive input section of the waveguide isolator to inhibit coupling of the RF energy and leakage of the microwave energy. The isolating circuit can combine into a single tunable unit all the necessary components to isolate the microwave and RF channels from one another whilst providing a high withstanding voltage.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator capable of supplying energy in a waveform that causes electroporation in biological tissue. The electrosurgical generator may comprise an electroporation waveform supply unit that is integrated with an electromagnetic signal supply unit for generating microwave electromagnetic signals and radiofrequency electromagnetic signals for treatment. The electrosurgical generator may be configured to deliver different types of energy along a common feed cable. The electroporation waveform supply unit comprises a DC power supply and a DC pulse generator. The DC power supply may include a DC-DC converter for up-converting a voltage output by an adjustable voltage supply. Each DC pulse may have a duration in the range 1 ns to 10 ms and a maximum amplitude in the range 10 V to 10 kV.

Abstract: Sterilisation systems suitable for clinical use, e.g. on the human body, medical apparatuses, or hospital bed spaces. The sterilisation apparatus comprises: a microwave source arranged to generate microwave energy; a mist generator arranged to generate a flow of water mist; a gas supply; a manifold connected to receive the flow of water mist from the mist generator; and a plurality of plasma applicators connected to the manifold, wherein each plasma applicator is connected to receive microwave energy from the microwave source and a flow of gas from the gas supply, wherein each plasma applicator is configured to strike a plasma at a distal end thereof, wherein the distal ends of the plurality of plasma applicators are disposed in a plasma generating region defined by the manifold, and wherein the manifold is configured to direct the flow of water mist through the plasma generating region to an outlet thereof.

Abstract: An energy delivery system for performing tissue ablation at the distal end of an Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy (ENB) instrument. The system is insertable through an instrument channel of a steerable instrument cord in an ENB instrument, and comprise a coaxial cable with a radiating tip portion. The tip portion comprises a first conductive element electrically connected to the coaxial cable's inner conductor and a second conductive element electrically isolated from the inner conductor. The conductive elements are arranged to act as: an active electrode and a return electrode for delivering the RF energy into tissue surrounding the radiating tip portion, and an antenna for radiating the microwave energy as a localized microwave field. The system may be arranged to delivery energy according to a predetermined profile comprising interleaving periods of RF and microwave energy or a combination thereof, or a dynamic profile based on detected tissue impedance.

Abstract: Sterilization systems suitable for clinical use, comprising: a housing defining a water mist fluid flow path between an inlet for receiving water mist and an outlet for directing a flow of hydroxyl radicals towards a region to be sterilised; an energy delivery tip configured to produce a thermal or non-thermal plasma; a coaxial transmission line arranged to convey radiofrequency (RF) and/or microwave frequency electromagnetic (EM) energy; and a gas conduit in the housing and arranged to deliver gas to the energy delivery tip, wherein the energy delivery tip extends from a distal end of the coaxial transmission line. The energy delivery tip comprises: a first electrode; and a second electrode. The first electrode and second electrode are configured to: strike a plasma in the gas delivered to the energy delivery tip, and direct the plasma into the water mist fluid flow path to form hydroxyl radicals therein.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.

Abstract: A movement transfer mechanism for a surgical scoping device, wherein a rotational proximal input force is transformed into a longitudinal force that is conveyed down the length of an instrument channel of the scoping device, where it is transformed again into an operational movement of a distal instrument. The operational movement can be rotational movement, but may be any movement that changes the orientation or configuration of the distal instrument. By conveying a linear force along the instrument channel rather than a twisting force, the problems of slipping and discontinuous operation of the distal instrument due to friction between the instrument and the instrument channel can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus for treating fluid-filled biological growths by replacing the fluid within the growth with a substance that assists in delivering treatment energy. The treatment energy may be microwave energy or may be thermal energy derived from microwave energy. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a radiating tip portion, and a fluid delivery mechanism for transporting fluid to and from a treatment zone located around the radiating tip portion. The fluid delivery mechanism comprises a rigid insertion element arranged to extend into the treatment zone, whereby fluid can be aspirated from the treatment zone, and a substance injected into the treatment zone to replace the aspirated fluid. The injected substance has dielectric properties selected to facilitate uniform delivery of treatment energy to biological tissue in the treatment zone.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an electrosurgical resector tool comprising: a shaft defining a lumen; an energy conveying structure for carrying electromagnetic (EM) energy through the lumen of the shaft; an instrument tip mounted at a distal end of the shaft. The instrument tip comprises: a static portion comprising a first blade element; and a movable portion comprising a second blade element, wherein the movable portion is movable relative to the static portion between a closed position in which the first blade element and second blade element lie alongside each other to an open position in which the second blade element is spaced from the first blade element by a gap for receiving biological tissue. The instrument tip also includes a travel limiting mechanism operable to limit a maximum extent of relative movement between the second blade element and the first blade element in the open position and/or the closed position.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus for treating fluid-filled biological growths by replacing the fluid within the growth with a substance that assists in delivering treatment energy. The treatment energy may be microwave energy or may be thermal energy derived from microwave energy. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a radiating tip portion, and a fluid delivery mechanism for transporting fluid to and from a treatment zone located around the radiating tip portion. The fluid delivery mechanism comprises a rigid insertion element arranged to extend into the treatment zone, whereby fluid can be aspirated from the treatment zone, and a substance injected into the treatment zone to replace the aspirated fluid. The injected substance has dielectric properties selected to facilitate uniform delivery of treatment energy to biological tissue in the treatment zone.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument, comprising: an elongate probe comprising a coaxial cable for conveying radiofrequency (RF) and/or microwave frequency electromagnetic (EM) energy, and a probe tip connected at the distal end of the coaxial cable for receiving the RF and/or microwave energy; a gas passage for conveying gas to the probe tip; and an apparatus for debriding biological tissue. The coaxial cable comprises an inner conductor, outer conductor and dielectric material separating the conductors. The probe tip comprises a first electrode connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and a second electrode connected to the outer conductor. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged to produce an electric field from the received RF and/or microwave frequency EM energy across a flow path of gas received from the gas passage to produce a thermal or non-thermal plasma in an area outward from the probe tip.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrosurgical system for delivering electromagnetic energy at a plurality of frequencies to cause different effects on biological tissue at a treatment site, and in particular to an electrosurgical generator.

Abstract: A receiver (6) is disclosed for wirelessly receiving power from a transmitter. The receiver comprises a resonant receiver circuit having a plurality of coils (200a)-(200d) operatively coupled to a combining circuit (202). Each coil, with the combining circuit, is arranged to receive power via resonant inductive coupling. The combining circuit is arranged to combine power received from the plurality of coils for provision to an electric load. Other embodiments provide a capsule for ingestion by a patient, the capsule comprising the receiver.

Abstract: An electrosurgical apparatus and method for performing thermal treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. to ablate duodenal mucosal tissue. The apparatus comprises an instrument having a flexible cable and an applicator suitable for use with a gastroscope, which can be deployed within a patient to delivery energy in a targeted or otherwise controllable manner. The applicator can deliver microwave energy by radiation. The direct and depth-limited nature of microwave energy can be make it more effective than treatments that rely on thermal conduction. The applicator may include a radially extendable portion arranged to move an microwave energy delivery structure into contact with duodenal mucosal tissue at the treatment region. The applicator may comprise any of a balloon, bipolar radiator, movable paddle, and rotatable roller element.