Abstract: A system for providing tourism service using RF IC card includes an RF IC card having an RF chip and providing a function of pre-paid card and a settlement server affiliated with domestic/international financial institutions, credit card companies, public transportation/communication facilities, and service centers via a public network, and for settling a used amount with the RF IC card at an affiliated corporation.

Abstract: A CRT driving voltage generating apparatus which can be realized and integrated at low cost, and can prevent breakdown and malfunction of circuits by actively adapting to a change in the frequency of a horizontal synchronous signal, and a CRT driving voltage generating method performed by the apparatus are provided. In this apparatus, a first comparator compares a reference value with the peak value of a fly back pulse. A stability controller shifts the level of the result of the comparison using a current mirroring technique and outputs a compared signal having a shifted level. A second comparator compares the compared signal with a sensing signal to obtain a reset signal. A pulse width modulated signal generator outputs a pulse width modulated signal having a level which is determined in response to the logic levels of a clock signal and a reset signal. A driving voltage generator generates the CRT driving voltage in response to the pulse width modulated signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having improved metal line structure has a first dielectric layer formed on a semiconductor substrate, a metal film pattern formed on the first dielectric layer, an interface protection layer on the metal film pattern, and a second dielectric layer on the interface protection layer, wherein the second dielectric layer contains a reactive material, e.g., fluorine, which is prevented by the interface protection layer from diffusing to the metal film pattern and reacting with the metal in the metal film pattern to form a damage film, e.g., metal fluoride, which is a highly resistive material that, if formed on the semiconductor device, would reduce the reliability of the metal film pattern and thus reduce the reliability of the semiconductor device as a whole.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having improved metal line structure has a first dielectric layer formed on a semiconductor substrate, a metal film pattern formed on the first dielectric layer, an interface protection layer on the metal film pattern, and a second dielectric layer on the interface protection layer, wherein the second dielectric layer contains a reactive material, e.g., fluorine, which is prevented by the interface protection layer from diffusing to the metal film pattern and reacting with the metal in the metal film pattern to form a damage film, e.g., metal fluoride, which is a highly resistive material that, if formed on the semiconductor device, would reduce the reliability of the metal film pattern and thus reduce the reliability of the semiconductor device as a whole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure and a method for formation of interconnect having a barrier layer, aluminum layer on the barrier layer, a reaction prevention layer on the aluminum layer, an antireflective coating layer on the reaction prevention layer, a dielectric layer, a via, a conductive plug, and another aluminum layer on the via and the dielectric layer. This structure prevents interconnects from contact resistance failure caused by an aluminum nitride film AlF, a titanium fluorine film TixFF, aluminum overetching, and aluminum consumption. As a result of this invention, via electromigration and aluminum line electromigration characteristics are improved in semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A brightness correcting circuit and method for efficiently correcting the brightness of the edges and the corners of a monitor screen are provided. The circuit for correcting the brightness of the monitor screen which operates according to the brightness correcting method includes a parabolic signal generator for generating a parabolic signal and a corrected video signal generator for controlling the gain of an input video signal in response to the parabolic signal and outputting a corrected video signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure and a method for formation of interconnect having a barrier layer, aluminum layer on the barrier layer, a reaction prevention layer on the aluminum layer, an antireflective coating layer on the reaction prevention layer, a dielectric layer, a via, a conductive plug, and another aluminum layer on the via and the dielectric layer. This structure prevents interconnects from contact resistance failure caused by an aluminum nitride film AlF, a titanium fluorine film Ti.sub.x F, aluminum overetching, and aluminum consumption. As a result of this invention, via electro-migration and aluminum line electromigration characteristics are improved in semiconductor devices.

Abstract: There is provided a correlative double sampling (CDS) device which can effectively and efficiently remove noise from video signal. The CDS device includes at least two sample-and-hold circuits for sampling a video signal output from an image sensor and outputting a predetermined DC level signal, and a differential amplifier. The correlative double sampling device also includes a clamping circuit for DC-clamping a video signal output from the image sensor and applying the DC-clamped signal to the sample-and-hold circuits. At least two re-sample-and-hold circuits are provided for re-sampling the signal output from the sample-and-hold circuits. A level correcting portion is used for correcting the output level of one of the sample-and-hold circuits and one of the re-sample-and-hold circuits, and outputting a signal whose phase is synchronized with the output of the re-sample-and-hold circuits.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cool air supply apparatus for maintaining a homogeneity of cool air distribution in a cold-storage room includes a cool air guiding part for guiding cool air generated from a compressor to the cold-storage room and a cool air spouting part (104, 107, 109) having multiple spouting holes (104' and 109') for spouting the cool air supplied from the cool air guiding part from the walls and door of the cold-storage room.

Abstract: A gradation data processing method for shortening printing time by processing a signal per bit column makes a heating element generate heat in the mid portion of one line printing time for a low gradation and makes the heating element repeatedly generate heat in all ranges during high gradation printing. The gradation data processing method includes steps for storing per line an N-bit picture data capable of expressing the 2.sup.N gradation, reading per predetermined bit column the N-bit picture data capable of expressing the 2.sup.N gradation and printing per the predetermined bit column the picture data read during the reading step while allowing the picture data to have respectively different heating time per the predetermined column.

Abstract: A high speed thermal printer including a maximum data detector for detecting maximum gradation data from the image signal of a line received from a signal input source on a line-by-line basis, a drum motor for transporting printing paper, a reel motor for transporting film containing printing dye, and a servo controller for controlling a printing speed by varying the speed of the drum motor and the reel motor in accordance with the detected maximum data value. The printer has the advantages of the drum motor and reel motor being driven at a constant speed for the duration of the maximum gradation printing, and the dye being expressed uniformly throughout the printing line. Thus, high quality printing can be achieved and the printing time decreased by the motors being driven at a constant speed to the following printing position after the maximum gradation of a line has been printed.

Abstract: A frame line inserting circuit in a printer for enabling the printing video data within a defined printing area of a printing paper, and enabling the printing of frame lines at selected horizontal and vertical boundaries of the printing paper where no video data is found.