Abstract: A semiconductor device includes, first and second source/drain patterns on an active pattern and spaced apart from each other, a first source/drain contact on the first source/drain pattern and including a first source/drain barrier film and a first source/drain filling film on the first source/drain barrier film, a second source/drain contact on the second source/drain pattern, and a gate structure on the active pattern between the first and second source/drain contacts and including a gate electrode, wherein a top surface of the first source/drain contact is lower than a top surface of the gate structure, and a height from a top surface of the active pattern to a top surface of the first source/drain barrier film is less than a height from the top surface of the active pattern to a top surface of the first source/drain filling film.

Abstract: A method of virtualizing the characteristics of an internal-combustion-engine vehicle in an electric vehicle includes: receiving vehicle driving information of the electric vehicle at a controller, determining a current vehicle driving mode based on the input vehicle driving information by the controller, determining a virtual engine speed in the determined vehicle driving mode using the vehicle driving information by the controller, outputting a control signal for virtualizing characteristics of an internal-combustion-engine (ICE) driving system corresponding to a current vehicle driving mode based on the determined virtual engine speed by the controller, and virtualizing the characteristics of the ICE driving system corresponding to the current vehicle driving mode by controlling an operation of a virtualization device according to the output control signal by the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a unit cell cuts lower and upper separators between sets of adjacent electrodes. In a state of a process of manufacturing the unit cell, the lower and upper separators continuously move in a longitudinal direction; and the electrodes are stacked between the separators and on the upper separator, respectively. The apparatus includes a lower block disposed under the lower separator and an upper block vertically aligned with the lower block above the upper separator. A lower end of a cutter is installed for access to the inside and outside. The upper block descends to press the separators to a surface of the lower block. One or both of the upper and lower blocks is heated to a predetermined temperature to thermally fuse pressed points of the separators. The cutter protrudes from the upper block to perform cutting at points at which the separators are pressed.

Abstract: Disclosed are an ultrasound generator, a pest extermination and repellent system using the ultrasound generator, and a method of controlling the ultrasound generator. The ultrasound generator may include a driving signal generator that generates a driving signal, a modulator that generates a modulated signal by modulating an amplitude of the driving signal, a first ultrasonic vibrator that generates a first ultrasonic signal of a first frequency based on the modulated signal, a second ultrasonic vibrator that generates a second ultrasonic signal of a second frequency based on the modulated signal, and a controller that adjusts an output timing of the modulated signal to output the first ultrasonic signal and the second ultrasonic signal at least once during a unit time period.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for crystallizing highly functional polymer by post-processing and crystalline polymer produced by the method, and more specifically, is characterized by producing crystalline polyaryletherketone (PAEK) by heat treating polyaryletherketone (PAEK) provided in the form of pellets or powders at a temperature of glass transition temperature (Tg) to melting point (Tm).

Abstract: A method comprises flowing a mixture comprising a water-based reaction medium and at least one microalgae into a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction medium comprises a nutrient material that is consumable by a live microalgae, bacterium, or protozoa present in the reaction medium, incubating the mixture under at least intermittent illumination with a specified luminous flux such that the microalgae forms a supporting matrix that incorporates the live microalgae, bacterium, or protozoa into biologically-active bioaggregate granules, selecting out a first specified portion of the biologically-active bioaggregate granules that are smaller than a first specified size or below a first specified weight or selecting out a second specified portion of the biologically-active bioaggregate granules that are larger than a second specified size or over a second specified weight and removing the first and/or the second specified portions of the biologically-active bioaggregate granules in an effluent stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing a unit cell, comprising: a first separator and a second separator configured to move in a longitudinal direction, the first and second separators configured to be cut at intervals between adjacent electrodes; a first roller positioned on a first side of the first and second separators; and second roller positioned on a second side of the first and second separators opposite the first side wherein the second roller is aligned with the first roller along an axis and defines an oval shape having a long axis and a short axis, wherein, the second roller is configured to contact the second separator and press the first and second separators against the first roller at portions of the first and second separators which are between adjacent electrodes, and at least one of the lower roller or the upper roller is heated.

Abstract: An ultrasonic generator and a method for repelling a mosquito in a vehicle using the same are provided.

Abstract: The embodiments generally relate to an antenna device that includes a cover having a specific shape to suppress a sidelobe of an elevation angle gain pattern which is caused by a radio-frequency (RF) device regardless of an avoidance area.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a secondary battery pouch film having at least an outer layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, and a sealant layer, or at least an outer layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, a melt-extrusion resin layer, and a sealant layer in this order, the method including: a drying process of applying and heating a primer layer composition on the metal layer so as to dry the primer layer composition and cure at least a part of the primer layer composition. The organic solvent-based emulsion composition contains acid-modified polypropylene and a curing agent and has a curing start temperature of 150° C. or lower, preferably 135° C. to 150° C., and a drying process temperature of 150° C. or lower, preferably 135° C. to 150° C. The method is not subjected to a thermal lamination process when laminating sealant layer.

Abstract: A pouch shaping apparatus includes a support unit configured to allow a laminate sheet to be disposed on an upper surface thereof, a stripper located above the support unit, the stripper configured to be movable upwards and downwards and to press and fix an outer periphery of the laminate sheet disposed on the upper surface of the support unit when being moved downwards, and a punch located above the support unit, the punch configured to be movable upwards and downwards and to form an electrode assembly receiving portion in the laminate sheet while being inserted into a shaping portion located at the center of the support unit when being moved downwards. The support unit includes an upper support and a support plate, and the pouch shaping apparatus includes a core member located between the upper support and the support plate, the core member having a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of pixels respectively coupled to scan lines and data lines intersecting the scan lines, wherein at least some of the pixels includes a driving transistor including a substrate, a first insulating layer disposed on the substrate, a first active layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a first gate electrode disposed on the first active layer, and a first source electrode and a first drain electrode electrically connected to the first active layer, the first drain electrode being spaced apart from the first source electrode by a first distance, and a switching transistor including a second gate electrode disposed between the substrate and the first insulating layer, a second active layer disposed on the same layer as the first active layer, and a second source electrode and a second drain electrode electrically connected to the second active layer, the second drain electrode being spaced apart from the second source electrode by a second distance different from the fi

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary battery, in which an electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch, and a lead electrically connected to the electrode assembly has one side protruding to the outside of the pouch, the secondary battery comprising: the pouch in which the electrode assembly is embedded, and sealing is performed along an edge thereof; the lead having one end connected to the electrode assembly and the other end protruding to the outside of the pouch; and a lead film disposed between the lead and the pouch and adhering to each of the pouch and the lead when the sealing of the pouch is performed, wherein an expansion part expanded by a predetermined length along a longitudinal direction of the lead is formed on the pouch, and the lead film has an area so that the entire expansion part is accommodated therein.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a method for preparing a gaseous- or liquid-nitridation treated core-shell catalyst and, more specifically, to a method for preparing a gaseous- or liquid-nitridation treated core-shell catalyst comprising steps of: nitridation-treating a transition metal precursor core and noble metal precursor shell particles in the presence of a gaseous nitrogen source; or forming a transition metal precursor core and noble metal precursor shell particles, by means of a liquid nitrogen source, and at the same time allowing the nitrogen source to bond with the transition metal precursor and thus allowing nitridation treatment. Therefore, the present disclosure allows a high nitrogen content in the core and thus enables a prepared catalyst to have excellent durability, a small average particle size and high degree of dispersion and uniformity, and thus to be suitable for the fuel cell field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a dimeric stilbene using a plant callus culture solution. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a dimeric stilbene using a plant callus culture solution and a composition for dimeric stilbene production, which contains a plant callus culture solution as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery, a method for manufacturing the same, and a pressing block for manufacturing the secondary battery. The method for manufacturing the secondary battery according to the present invention comprises a forming step of forming a pouch sheet to form an accommodation part in which an electrode assembly is accommodated, a folding step of folding the pouch sheet with respect to a folding part to accommodate the electrode assembly in the accommodation part, and to block the accommodation part from outside to form a battery case, and an anti-wrinkle step of forming an anti-wrinkle bending part on an outer shell of the pouch sheet to prevent wrinkles from being generated on the outer shell of the folded pouch sheet.

Abstract: Proposed is a decentralized identity technique, and more specifically, are a hierarchical universal resolver system for a decentralized identifier environment and a method thereof, which can control access to connected decentralized ledger information and prevent exposure and leakage of the information by hierarchically managing a universal resolver (UR) in an identity verification system based on self-sovereign decentralized identifiers (DID). According to an embodiment, accessibility to private information in a blockchain network in which decentralized ledgers are stored, as well as privacy of certificate or identification information based on decentralized identifiers, may be complemented.

Abstract: Disclosed are layered ferric rust and iron hydroxide nanoparticles including the same, wherein the layered ferric rust has a novel crystal structure that satisfies conditions (a) to (c) below: (a) a crystal system belongs to a monoclinic system; (b) a space group belongs to Pn (No. 7); and (c) unit cell parameters are a = 3.854 ± 0.002 Å, b = 11.491 ± 0.007 Å, c = 9.818 ± 0.004 Å, and ? = 88.47 ± 0.005° (b is the distance between layers in the [010] axial direction).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water purifier with an ice maker, and more particularly to a water purifier with an ice maker, wherein a guide member for guiding ice may stably guide ice separated while moving together with a tray member, and the guide member does not interfere with a purified water storage part even in a case where the tray member rotates such that the purifier can increase the capacity of the purified water storage part and thus can improve user convenience.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with improved reliability and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first spacer defining a gate trench on the substrate, and a gate electrode in the gate trench, wherein a height of an upper surface of the gate electrode adjacent to the first spacer increases in a direction away from the first spacer.