Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first conductive element electrically connected to an interconnect structure, wherein the first conductive element includes a first conductive material. The semiconductor device further includes an RDL over the first conductive element and electrically connected to the first conductive element, wherein the RDL includes a second conductive material different from the first conductive material. The semiconductor device further includes a passivation layer over the RDL, wherein a top portion of a sidewall of the second passivation layer includes a convex curve protruding in a direction parallel to a top surface of the interconnect structure, a width of the top portion at a bottom of the convex curve is less than a width of the top portion at a middle of the convex curve, and the middle of the convex curve is above the bottom of the convex curve.

Abstract: An audio processing method includes the following operations. A calculated value is obtained according to multiple audio clock frequency information contained in multiple audio input packets. An audio sampling frequency is generated according to the calculated value and a link symbol clock signal. Multiple audio output packets corresponding to the audio input packets are generated according to the audio sampling frequency.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a channel region; a gate stack over the channel region; a seal spacer covering a sidewall of the gate stack, the seal spacer including silicon nitride; a gate spacer covering a sidewall of the seal spacer, the gate spacer including silicon oxide, the gate spacer having a first vertical portion and a first horizontal portion; and a first dielectric layer covering a sidewall of the gate spacer, the first dielectric layer including silicon nitride.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first conductive element electrically connected to an interconnect structure, wherein the first conductive element includes a first conductive material. The semiconductor device further includes an RDL over the first conductive element and electrically connected to the first conductive element, wherein the RDL includes a second conductive material different from the first conductive material. The semiconductor device further includes a passivation layer over the RDL, wherein a top portion of a sidewall of the second passivation layer includes a convex curve protruding in a direction parallel to a top surface of the interconnect structure, a width of the top portion at a bottom of the convex curve is less than a width of the top portion at a middle of the convex curve, and the middle of the convex curve is above the bottom of the convex curve.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first passivation layer over a substrate. The semiconductor device further includes a post passivation interconnect (PPI) line over the first passivation layer, wherein a top-most portion of the PPI line has a first portion having a convex shape and a second portion having a concave shape. The semiconductor device further includes a second passivation layer configured to cause stress to the PPI line. The semiconductor device further includes a polymer material over the second passivation layer.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device includes depositing a second conductive material over a first conductive material, wherein the second conductive material is different from the first conductive material, and the second conductive material defines a redistribution line (RDL). The method further includes depositing a passivation layer over the RDL, wherein depositing the passivation layer comprises forming a plurality of convex sidewalls, and each of the plurality of convex sidewalls extends beyond an edge of the RDL.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first passivation layer over a substrate. The semiconductor device further includes at least two post passivation interconnect (PPI) lines over the first passivation layer, wherein a top portion of each of the at least two PPI lines has a rounded shape. The semiconductor device further includes a second passivation layer configured to stress the at least two PPI lines. The semiconductor device further includes a polymer material over the second passivation layer and filling a trench between adjacent PPI lines of the at least two PPI lines.

Abstract: An audio processing method includes the following operations. A calculated value is obtained according to multiple audio clock frequency information contained in multiple audio input packets. An audio sampling frequency is generated according to the calculated value and a link symbol clock signal. Multiple audio output packets corresponding to the audio input packets are generated according to the audio sampling frequency.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a channel region; a gate stack over the channel region; a seal spacer covering a sidewall of the gate stack, the seal spacer including silicon nitride; a gate spacer covering a sidewall of the seal spacer, the gate spacer including silicon oxide, the gate spacer having a first vertical portion and a first horizontal portion; and a first dielectric layer covering a sidewall of the gate spacer, the first dielectric layer including silicon nitride.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device includes depositing a second conductive material over a first conductive material, wherein the second conductive material is different from the first conductive material, and the second conductive material defines a redistribution line (RDL). The method further includes depositing a passivation layer over the RDL, wherein depositing the passivation layer comprises forming a plurality of convex sidewalls, and each of the plurality of convex sidewalls extends beyond an edge of the RDL.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a channel region; a gate stack over the channel region; a seal spacer covering a sidewall of the gate stack, the seal spacer including silicon nitride; a gate spacer covering a sidewall of the seal spacer, the gate spacer including silicon oxide, the gate spacer having a first vertical portion and a first horizontal portion; and a first dielectric layer covering a sidewall of the gate spacer, the first dielectric layer including silicon nitride.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device includes plating a first conductive material over a first passivation layer, wherein the first conductive material fills an opening in the first passivation layer and electrically connects to an interconnect structure. The method further includes planarizing the first conductive material, wherein a top surface of the planarized first conductive material is coplanar with a top surface of the first passivation layer. The method further includes depositing a second conductive material over the first passivation layer, wherein the second conductive material is different from the first conductive material, and the second conductive material is electrically connected to the first conductive material in the opening. The method further includes patterning the second conductive material to define a redistribution line (RDL).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first passivation layer over a substrate. The semiconductor device further includes at least two post passivation interconnect (PPI) lines over the first passivation layer, wherein a top portion of each of the at least two PPI lines has a rounded shape. The semiconductor device further includes a second passivation layer configured to stress the at least two PPI lines. The semiconductor device further includes a polymer material over the second passivation layer and filling a trench between adjacent PPI lines of the at least two PPI lines.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes depositing a first passivation layer over a substrate, depositing a conductive material over the first passivation layer, patterning the conductive material to form a redistribution layer (RDL) structure, and depositing a second passivation layer configured to change a shape of a top portion of the RDL structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a channel region; a gate stack over the channel region; a seal spacer covering a sidewall of the gate stack, the seal spacer including silicon nitride; a gate spacer covering a sidewall of the seal spacer, the gate spacer including silicon oxide, the gate spacer having a first vertical portion and a first horizontal portion; and a first dielectric layer covering a sidewall of the gate spacer, the first dielectric layer including silicon nitride.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a channel region; a gate stack over the channel region; a seal spacer covering a sidewall of the gate stack, the seal spacer including silicon nitride; a gate spacer covering a sidewall of the seal spacer, the gate spacer including silicon oxide, the gate spacer having a first vertical portion and a first horizontal portion; and a first dielectric layer covering a sidewall of the gate spacer, the first dielectric layer including silicon nitride.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a channel region; a gate stack over the channel region; a seal spacer covering a sidewall of the gate stack, the seal spacer including silicon nitride; a gate spacer covering a sidewall of the seal spacer, the gate spacer including silicon oxide, the gate spacer having a first vertical portion and a first horizontal portion; and a first dielectric layer covering a sidewall of the gate spacer, the first dielectric layer including silicon nitride.

Abstract: A temperature monitor system for semiconductor substrates in a front opening unified pod (FOUP) includes a temperature detector and a programmable controller. The temperature detector is in the FOUP and configured to obtain temperature data of semiconductor substrates. The programmable controller is coupled to the temperature detector and configured to control operation of the temperature detector.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device includes plating a first conductive material over a first passivation layer, wherein the first conductive material fills an opening in the first passivation layer and electrically connects to an interconnect structure. The method further includes planarizing the first conductive material, wherein a top surface of the planarized first conductive material is coplanar with a top surface of the first passivation layer. The method further includes depositing a second conductive material over the first passivation layer, wherein the second conductive material is different from the first conductive material, and the second conductive material is electrically connected to the first conductive material in the opening. The method further includes patterning the second conductive material to define a redistribution line (RDL).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first passivation layer over an interconnect structure. The semiconductor device further includes a first redistribution line (RDL) via extending through an opening in the first passivation layer to electrically connect to the interconnect structure. The first RDL via includes a first conductive material. The semiconductor device further includes an RDL over the first passivation layer and electrically connected to the first RDL via. The RDL comprises a second conductive material different from the first conductive material. The RDL extends beyond the first RDL via in a direction parallel to a top surface of the first passivation layer.