Abstract: A spectral power distribution (SPD) fusion lighting apparatus includes a first visible light source with a first SPD, a second visible light source with a second SPD, a driver circuit, and a controller. The first SPD is different than the second SPD markedly in a 50 nm wavelength range. The controller toggles the turning on of the first visible light and the second visible light at a frequency greater than 25 Hz. The first visible light source is turned on during one half of the duty cycle, whereas the second visible light source is turned on during the other half of the duty cycle. The first visible light source and the second visible light emit similar light outputs and have similar chromaticity coordinates on the CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram. In some embodiments a sound wave generator is used to generate a sound wave at the same frequency.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes an elongated housing, LED arrays, a rechargeable battery, a controller circuit, two drivers, a charging circuit, and a battery backup user interface. The first driver converts an external power to drive the LED array whereas the second driver draws power from the rechargeable battery to drive the LED arrays during power outage. The charging circuit charges the rechargeable battery during normal operation. The battery backup user interface includes a battery charging indicator indicating the charging status of the rechargeable battery. The battery backup user interface also includes a battery shutoff switch configured to allow a user to enable or disable the rechargeable battery. In some cases, the battery backup user interface further includes a test button configured to allow the user to trigger a test of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A data processing method used in neural network computing is provided. During a training phase of a neural network model, a feedforward procedure based on a calibration data is performed to obtain distribution information of a feedforward result for at least one layer of the neural network model. During the training phase of the neural network model, a bit upper bound of a partial sum is generated based on the distribution information of the feedforward result. During an inference phase of the neural network model, a bit-number reducing process is performed on an original operation result of an input data and a weight for the neural network model according to the bit upper bound of the partial sum to obtain an adjusted operation result.

Abstract: A lighting device that comprises a housing, a first visible light source, a second visible light source, an air filter, an airway, and an air circulation mechanism for each airway. The first visible light source contributes to the light output of the device, whereas the second visible light source is responsible for germicidal irradiation by activating a visible-light activatable photocatalytic coating on the air filter. The airway has an air inlet and an air outlet. The air circulation mechanism sucks an ambient air through the air inlet, forces the air through the air filter, and releases the air through the air outlet. The air filter traps airborne particles. The second visible light source is disposed adjacent to the air filter and activates a photocatalyst material in the antiviral photocatalytic coating. Airborne microbials trapped by the air filter are decomposed by the activated photocatalyst material in the antiviral photocatalytic coating.

Abstract: A drawstring lock includes a housing that allows the two ends of a drawstring to pass through, a stop mechanism disposed on the housing, and a lock mechanism connected to the stop mechanism. The housing is able to shift freely along the drawstring and once reaching its desired position, it is able to operate the stop mechanism so that the housing is stopped and cannot be shifted. Subsequently, the lock mechanism is used to lock the stop mechanism, keeping it secured until the lock mechanism is unlocked.

Abstract: A self-adjustable germicidal irradiation apparatus includes a radiant source, a driver, and a controller. The driver converts an external power to an internal power to activate the radiant source. The connects to the driver and is configured to adjust a radiant power emitted by the radiant source. The radiation source is configured to generate a wavelength in an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range 190˜400 nm. The controller is configured automatically to limit a UV dosage received by an object exposed to the UV radiation of the radiant source, such that the received UV dosage of the object does not exceed a UV threshold limit value (TLV) dosage defined by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). A related self-adjustable germicidal irradiation method is also proposed.

Abstract: A multi-band germicidal irradiation apparatus includes a radiation source, a driver, and an optical filter. The radiation source emits wavelengths in three wavelength bands, 190˜230 nm, 230˜315 nm, and 315˜700 nm. The optical filter is a band-stop filter that filters the wavelength in a wavelength range of 240˜315 nm and permits the wavelength in wavelength ranges of 190˜230 nm and 315˜700 nm to pass through. The radiation source may include an excimer lamp having a gas or mixture of gases, or it may include one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). When the apparatus further includes a controller, the controller is configured to limit a total dispensed ultraviolet (UV) dosage (TDD) emitted by the apparatus over a predefined period not exceeding an UV threshold limit value (TLV) dosage defined by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

Abstract: A multi-band multi-source germicidal lighting apparatus includes a first light source, a second light source, a first driver, a second driver, and a controller. The first light source emits a light in a 190˜280 nm wavelength range whereas the second light source emits a light in a 315˜420 nm wavelength range. The first driver is configured to convert an external power to an internal power to activate the first light source, and the second driver is configured to convert an external power to an internal power to activate the second light source, and the controller is configured to toggle the operation of the apparatus between a safe sanitation mode and a full sanitation mode. Optionally, a third light source emitting a visible light and a third driver are used for providing general lighting during the safe sanitation mode.

Abstract: A germicidal light dosage dispending system includes at least one light source, one driver for each at least one light source, and a germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism. The at least one light source is a germicidal light source emitting a light with a spectral power distribution (SPD) >90% in the wavelength range 190˜420 nm. The driver converts an external power to an internal power for activating the at least one light source and is controllable by the germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism. The germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism limits the total dispensed dosage emitted by the at least one light source over an 8-hour period to be less than the ACGIH defined UV Threshold Limit Value (TLV) dosage. The germicidal light dosage dispensing mechanism also controls the total dispensed dosage.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting apparatus with visible glare includes a first light source, a second light source, a first driver, a second driver, and a controller. The first light source emits a light in a 180˜280 nm wavelength range and the second light source emits a light in a visible wavelength range greater than 400 nm. The second light source is positioned adjacent to the first light source and serves as a visible glare source to deter an occupant from looking at the apparatus directly. The controller can turn on both the first light source and the second light source simultaneously to produce a unified glare rating (UGR) greater than 16. The apparatus dispenses over a prorated 8-hour period an irradiation dosage greater than American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)-specified Eye Threshold Limit Values (TLV) but less than ACGIH-specified Skin TLV to a substance or surface.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is photocatalytic active to different bands of wavelength. Another self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material, a prime material layer and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The prime material layer is between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the prime material.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst forms a covalent bond with the substrate material. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses. A method of manufacturing the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet and means for alerting the user on the expiration of the self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet are also presented.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The substrate material binds the photocatalyst layer by either connecting a metal ion of the primary photocatalyst and/or the secondary photocatalyst through two oxygen atoms of a carboxyl group (COO), or by forming hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl group and a surface hydroxyl group (OH?) of the primary photocatalyst. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses.

Abstract: A disinfection circadian lighting device includes a housing and two means of lighting. The first means of lighting is a general lighting means and it includes a first light source, a first lens, and a first driver. The second means of lighting is a germicidal lighting means and it includes a second light source, a second lens, and a second driver. The second light source is a far UVC light source with its spectral power distribution mainly in the wavelength range 200 nm to 230 nm. The first light source may comprise a third light source and a fourth light source, where third light source is a blue-depleted light source and the fourth light source is a blue-enriched light source. A circadian controller can mix the light output of the third and the fourth light sources according to a circadian schedule.

Abstract: An air-disinfecting photocatalytic device includes a housing, an air-permeable porous carrier with at least two sides, a fan, and a light source. The air-permeable porous carrier contains a photocatalyst material, and the light source activates the photocatalyst material in air-permeable porous carrier. The housing, the air-permeable porous carrier, and the fan together form an air chamber. The fan operates to either increase or deplete the air in the air chamber, resulting an air pressure difference between the air inside and outside the air chamber, and causing the air to pass through the air-permeable porous carrier from the high air pressure side of the air-permeable porous carrier to the low air pressure side of the air-permeable porous carrier. As the air passes through the air-permeable porous carrier, airborne pathogens are trapped on the surface of the air-permeable porous carrier, on which light-activated photocatalyst material kills the pathogens trapped thereon.

Abstract: A dual-disinfecting germicidal lighting device includes a housing, an air-permeable porous carrier with at least two sides, a fan, two light sources, and two means of disinfection that are back-up means for each other. A first means of disinfection is an air-disinfection means and it includes the housing, the air-permeable porous carrier, the fan, and the first light source. The air-permeable porous carrier contains a photocatalyst material, and the first light source activates the photocatalyst material in air-permeable porous carrier. The housing, the air-permeable porous carrier, and the fan together form an air chamber. The fan forces the surrounding air through the air-permeable porous carrier. A second means of disinfection is an air-and-surface disinfection means that includes the second light source. The second light source is a germicidal light source that disinfects pathogens in the surrounding air or on a nearby surface through the shining of its light.

Abstract: An air-disinfecting photocatalytic device includes a housing, an air-permeable porous carrier with at least two sides, a fan, and a light source. The air-permeable porous carrier contains a photocatalyst material, and the light source activates the photocatalyst material in air-permeable porous carrier. The housing, the air-permeable porous carrier, and the fan together form an air chamber. The fan operates to either increase or deplete the air in the air chamber, resulting an air pressure difference between the air inside and outside the air chamber, and causing the air to pass through the air-permeable porous carrier from the high air pressure side of the air-permeable porous carrier to the low air pressure side of the air-permeable porous carrier. As the air passes through the air-permeable porous carrier, airborne pathogens are trapped on the surface of the air-permeable porous carrier, on which light-activated photocatalyst material kills the pathogens trapped thereon.

Abstract: A multi-mode lighting device includes a visible light source configured to emit a visible light and a controlling mechanism. The controlling mechanism is configured to operate the lighting device in at least two operational modes: a regular mode and a therapeutic mode. In the regular mode, the controlling mechanism operates the visible light source for general illumination. In the therapeutic mode, the controlling mechanism is configured to either flash the visible light source at a frequency in a frequency range of 35˜45 Hz or generate an audible sound at a frequency in a frequency range of 35˜45 Hz, or both. Some embodiments may support additionally a germicidal lighting mode, and some other embodiments with continuous photocatalyst-based air filtering and sanitization.

Abstract: An antiviral air-filtering lighting device includes an air-permeable lampshade, a visible light source, a driver, and an air circulation mechanism. The lampshade diffuses a visible light emitted from the visible light source and includes an air inlet port. The lampshade is coated with a visible-light activatable antiviral photocatalytic coating. The visible light source is disposed inside the lampshade to shine its light through the lampshade to activate the visible-light activatable antiviral photocatalytic coating on the lampshade. The air circulation mechanism sucks an ambient air from outside the lighting device, and forces the air through the lampshade. The lampshade traps airborne microbials on the surface having the visible-light activatable antiviral photocatalytic coating.

Abstract: A lighting device comprises a light head, two light sources, and a safeguard mechanism. The light head houses the two light sources. The first light source emits predominantly ultraviolet (UV) light (<400 nm) for germicidal illumination, and the second light source emits predominantly visible light (>400 nm) for general lighting. The lighting device may operate in two modes. The first operation mode is the general lighting mode, where the second light source is on for providing general lighting. The second operation mode is the germicidal lighting mode, where the first light source is on for providing germicidal lighting. The safeguard mechanism prevents the first light source in the germicidal lighting mode from turning on and causing accidental human exposure to the UV light from the first light source.