Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to an integrated circuit (IC) in which a memory structure comprises an inhibition layer inserted between two ferroelectric layers to create a tetragonal-phase dominant ferroelectric structure. In some embodiments, the ferroelectric structure includes a first ferroelectric layer, a second ferroelectric layer overlying the first ferroelectric layer, and a first inhibition layer disposed between the first and second ferroelectric layers and bordering the second ferroelectric layer. The first inhibition layer is a different material than the first and second ferroelectric layers.

Abstract: A method for making iridium oxide nanoparticles includes dissolving an iridium salt to obtain a salt-containing solution, mixing a complexing agent with the salt-containing solution to obtain a blend solution, and adding an oxidating agent to the blend solution to obtain a product mixture. A molar ratio of a complexing compound of the complexing agent to the iridium salt is controlled in a predetermined range so as to permit the product mixture to include iridium oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: Exemplary subpixel structures include a directional light-emitting diode structure characterized by a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of emitted light having a divergence angle of less than or about 10°. The subpixel structure further includes a lens positioned a first distance from the light-emitting diode structure, where the lens is shaped to focus the emitted light from the light-emitting diode structure. The subpixel structure still further includes a patterned light absorption barrier positioned a second distance from the lens. The patterned light absorption barrier defines an opening in the barrier, and the focal point of the light focused by the lens is positioned within the opening. The subpixels structures may be incorporated into a pixel structure, and pixel structures may be incorporated into a display that is free of a polarizer layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to 3D imaging capable OLED displays. A light field display comprises an array of 3D light field pixels, each of which comprises an array of corrugated OLED pixels, a metasurface layer disposed adjacent to the array of 3D light field pixels, and a plurality of median layers disposed between the metasurface layer and the corrugated OLED pixels. Each of the corrugated OLED pixels comprises primary or non-primary color subpixels, and produces a different view of an image through the median layers to the metasurface to form a 3D image. The corrugated OLED pixels combined with a cavity effect reduce a divergence of emitted light to enable effective beam direction manipulation by the metasurface. The metasurface having a higher refractive index and a smaller filling factor enables the deflection and direction of the emitted light from the corrugated OLED pixels to be well controlled.

Abstract: A memory array and an operation method of the memory array are provided. The memory array includes first and second ferroelectric memory devices formed along a gate electrode, a channel layer and a ferroelectric layer between the gate electrode and the channel layer. The ferroelectric memory devices include: a common source/drain electrode and two respective source/drain electrodes, separately in contact with a side of the channel layer opposite to the ferroelectric layer, wherein the common source/drain electrode is disposed between the respective source/drain electrodes; and first and second auxiliary gates, capacitively coupled to the channel layer, wherein the first auxiliary gate is located between the common source/drain electrode and one of the respective source/drain electrodes, and the second auxiliary gate is located between the common source/drain electrode and the other respective source/drain electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes, and displays including electroluminescent devices. In an embodiment is provided an electroluminescent device that includes a pixel defining layer, an organic emitting unit disposed over at least a portion of the pixel defining layer, and a filler layer disposed over at least a portion of the organic emitting unit, wherein a refractive index of the pixel defining layer is lower than a refractive index of the filler layer, and wherein the refractive index of the pixel defining layer is lower than a refractive index of one or more layers of the organic emitting unit. In another embodiment is provided a display device that includes a substrate, a thin film transistor formed on the substrate, an interconnection electrically coupled to the thin film transistor, and an electroluminescent device electrically coupled to the interconnection.

Abstract: Exemplary subpixel structures include a directional light-emitting diode structure characterized by a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of emitted light having a divergence angle of less than or about 10°. The subpixel structure further includes a lens positioned a first distance from the light-emitting diode structure, where the lens is shaped to focus the emitted light from the light-emitting diode structure. The subpixel structure still further includes a patterned light absorption barrier positioned a second distance from the lens. The patterned light absorption barrier defines an opening in the barrier, and the focal point of the light focused by the lens is positioned within the opening. The subpixels structures may be incorporated into a pixel structure, and pixel structures may be incorporated into a display that is free of a polarizer layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting pixel structure is described that may include a group of light-emitting diode structures, where each of the light-emitting diode structures is operable to emit light characterized by a different peak emission wavelength. The structures may also include a patterned light absorption barrier characterized by a group of openings in the barrier, where each of the openings permit a transmission of a portion of the light from one of the light-emitting diode structures through the barrier. The structures may further include a metasurface layer operable to change a direction of at least some of the light transmitted through the openings of the patterned light absorption barrier from the light-emitting diode structures.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to 3D imaging capable OLED displays. A light field display comprises an array of 3D light field pixels, each of which comprises an array of corrugated OLED pixels, a metasurface layer disposed adjacent to the array of 3D light field pixels, and a plurality of median layers disposed between the metasurface layer and the corrugated OLED pixels. Each of the corrugated OLED pixels comprises primary or non-primary color subpixels, and produces a different view of an image through the median layers to the metasurface to form a 3D image. The corrugated OLED pixels combined with a cavity effect reduce a divergence of emitted light to enable effective beam direction manipulation by the metasurface. The metasurface having a higher refractive index and a smaller filling factor enables the deflection and direction of the emitted light from the corrugated OLED pixels to be well controlled.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to spatial optical differentiators and layer architecture of adjacent functional layers disposed above or below organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display pixels. A functional unit for an electroluminescent (EL) device pixel includes a spatial optical differentiator disposed adjacent the EL device pixel. The spatial optical differentiator is configured to selectively reflect and transmit light based on an incident angle of light upon the functional unit. For top-emitting OLED, the functional unit includes a thin film encapsulation (TFE) stack disposed over the spatial optical differentiator. For bottom-emitting OLED, the functional unit includes the spatial optical differentiator disposed above at least one of a planar layer or an isolation layer. Also described herein are methods for fabricating the functional unit.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to graded slope bottom reflective electrode layer structures for top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display pixels. An EL device includes a pixel definition layer having a top surface, a bottom surface, and graded sidewalls interconnecting the top and bottom surfaces and a bottom reflective electrode layer disposed over the pixel definition layer. The bottom reflective electrode layer includes a planar electrode portion disposed over the bottom surface and a graded reflective portion disposed over the graded sidewalls, where the graded reflective portion has a concave profile. The EL device includes an organic layer disposed over the bottom reflective electrode layer and a top electrode disposed over the organic layer. Also described herein are methods for fabricating the EL device.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a general, highly effective and scalable extraction-enhancing OLED display pixel structure based on embedding the OLED inside a three-dimensional reflective concave structure selectively filled with a high-index filler material. Such a structure is able to couple as much as possible internally generated photons into the filler region and then redirect otherwise confined light for out-coupling via the reflective concave structure. Ultimately high light extraction efficiency approaching ˜80% and excellent viewing characteristics are simultaneously achievable with optimized structures using highly transparent top electrodes. This scheme is scalable and wavelength insensitive, and thus can be generally applied to all red, green, and blue pixel OLEDs in high-resolution full-color displays.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a general, highly effective and scalable extraction-enhancing OLED display pixel structure based on embedding the OLED inside a three-dimensional reflective concave structure selectively filled with a high-index filler material. Such a structure is able to couple as much as possible internally generated photons into the filler region and then redirect otherwise confined light for out-coupling via the reflective concave structure. Ultimately high light extraction efficiency approaching ˜80% and excellent viewing characteristics are simultaneously achievable with optimized structures using highly transparent top electrodes. This scheme is scalable and wavelength insensitive, and thus can be generally applied to all red, green, and blue pixel OLEDs in high-resolution full-color displays.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device is disclosed. An optically reflective concave structure includes a first surface and a second surface that lies at an angle relative to the first surface, wherein at least the first and second surfaces are optically reflective. One or more functional layers include a light emitting layer, disposed over the surfaces of the optically reflective concave structure, wherein at least one electroluminescent area of the light emitting layer is defined on the first surface. Especially, the ratio between the diameter of the first surface and the thickness of the one or more functional layers in the optically reflective concave structure is smaller than a constant value.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device is disclosed, comprising a high-index layer, having a first refractive index more than 1.8; a first electrode, which is transparent and disposed adjacent to the high-index layer; one or more functional layers, disposed adjacent to the first electrode and opposite to the high-index layer, including a light emitting layer; and, a second electrode, disposed adjacent to the one or more functional layers and opposite to the first electrode; wherein the first electrode has a second refractive index less than 1.7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1), to the use thereof in electroluminescent devices, and particularly organic electroluminescence devices, comprising said compounds according to the invention.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device is disclosed. An optically reflective concave structure includes a first surface and a second surface that lies at an angle relative to the first surface, wherein at least the first and second surfaces are optically reflective. One or more functional layers include a light emitting layer, disposed over the surfaces of the optically reflective concave structure, wherein at least one electroluminescent area of the light emitting layer is defined on the first surface. Especially, the ratio between the diameter of the first surface and the thickness of the one or more functional layers in the optically reflective concave structure is smaller than a constant value.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device is disclosed, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, one or more functional layers, and a conducting layer. The first electrode is transparent and with a high refractive index nH more than 1.75. The one or more functional layers include a light emitting layer. The conducting layer has a low refractive index nL less than 1.65, being disposed between the first electrode and the one or more functional layers. By judicious combination of the first electrode and conducting layer to induce appropriate microcavity effects, increased coupling efficiencies of EL device could be then obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1), to the use thereof in electroluminescent devices, and particularly organic electroluminescence devices, comprising said compounds according to the invention.

Abstract: An organic fluorescent luminescent material and an organic electro-luminescence device are provided. The organic fluorescent luminescent material may be represented by the formula, (Ar)-(Ph)-(X), wherein Ar is Ph include at least one benzene ring, X is a six-membered aromatic ring, and at least one nitrogen atom is located on the six-membered aromatic ring. The organic fluorescent luminescent material can be used in organic electro-luminescence devices.