Abstract: An epidermal microfluidic device includes a rigid substrate defining microfluidic features (e.g., portions of channels, valves within channels, and/or portions of reservoirs) with gradient variation in height thereof. A rigid substrate of such a devices may permit flexure during use without breakage and without distortion of microfluidic features therein, such as by providing channel-defining, reduced-width linking portions extending outward between a central portion and reservoir portions, with the reservoir portions lacking direct coupling therebetween. An epidermal interface layer comprising a flexible material and defining a first aperture may be adhered to skin of a user, and multiple microfluidic devices may be sequentially provided over, and removed from, the epidermal interface layer to collect multiple independent, pristine sweat samples during an extended active collection period.

Abstract: A memory device, a failure bits detector, and a failure bits detection method thereof are provided. The failure bits detector includes a current generator, a current mirror, and a comparator. The current generator generates a first current according to a reference code. The current mirror mirrors the first current to generate a second current at a second end of the current mirror. The comparator compares a first voltage at a first input end with a second voltage at a second input end to generate a detection result.

Abstract: A memory device, a failure bits detector, and a failure bits detection method thereof are provided. The failure bits detector includes a current generator, a current mirror, and a comparator. The current generator generates a first current according to a reference code. The current mirror mirrors the first current to generate a second current at a second end of the current mirror. The comparator compares a first voltage at a first input end with a second voltage at a second input end to generate a detection result.

Abstract: A fluid actuator includes an actuating portion, a piezoelectric unit, a conduction unit, and a levelness regulating portion. The actuating portion includes a first actuating area, a second actuating area, and at least one connecting section between the two actuating areas. The piezoelectric unit includes a first signal area and a second signal area. The two signal areas are provided in the same plane and are isolated from each other by an isolating portion. The piezoelectric unit corresponds in position to the first actuating area of the actuating portion. The conduction unit includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first signal area of the piezoelectric unit is electrically connected to the first electrode, and the second signal area of the piezoelectric unit to the second electrode. The levelness regulating portion, the piezoelectric unit, and the conduction unit are located on the same side of the actuating portion.

Abstract: A fluid driving device includes a vibration unit, a signal transmission layer, a piezoelectric element, and a plane unit. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The signal transmission layer, the piezoelectric element, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit and sequentially stacked with each other.

Abstract: A fluid driving system includes a vibration unit, a piezoelectric element, a signal transmission layer, a plane unit, and a protrusion. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The piezoelectric element, the signal transmission layer, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit. The protrusion is located between the vibration unit and the plane unit, and the protrusion corresponds to and protrudes toward the at least one hole.

Abstract: An actuating device includes an actuator and a stationary portion. The actuator has at least one driving portion. The stationary portion is provided at an arbitrary position along the actuator such that the driving portion forms a first driving portion and a second driving portion. The first driving portion and the second driving portion can be provided with the same actuating ability or with different actuating abilities respectively by adjusting the position of the stationary portion.

Abstract: A piezoelectric driving device includes a vibration unit, a piezoelectric element, a signal transmission layer, and a plane unit. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The piezoelectric element, the signal transmission layer, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit and are sequentially stacked together.

Abstract: A fluid driving device includes a vibration unit, a signal transmission layer, a piezoelectric element, and a plane unit. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The signal transmission layer, the piezoelectric element, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit and sequentially stacked with each other.

Abstract: A fluid driving device includes a vibration unit, a signal transmission layer, a piezoelectric element, and a plane unit. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The signal transmission layer, the piezoelectric element, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit and sequentially stacked with each other.

Abstract: An actuator includes an actuating portion, a piezoelectric unit, a conduction unit, and a levelness regulating portion. The actuating portion includes a first actuating area, a second actuating area, and at least one connecting section between the two actuating areas. The piezoelectric unit includes a first signal area and a second signal area. The two signal areas are provided in the same plane and are isolated from each other by an isolating portion. The piezoelectric unit corresponds in position to the first actuating area of the actuating portion. The conduction unit includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first signal area of the piezoelectric unit is electrically connected to the first electrode, and the second signal area of the piezoelectric unit to the second electrode. The levelness regulating portion, the piezoelectric unit, and the conduction unit are located on the same side of the actuating portion.

Abstract: A fluid driving system includes a vibration unit, a piezoelectric element, a signal transmission layer, a plane unit, and a protrusion. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The piezoelectric element, the signal transmission layer, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit. The protrusion is located between the vibration unit and the plane unit, and the protrusion corresponds to and protrudes toward the at least one hole.

Abstract: A fluid driving device includes a vibration unit, a signal transmission layer, a piezoelectric element, and a plane unit. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The signal transmission layer, the piezoelectric element, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit and sequentially stacked with each other.

Abstract: A piezoelectric driving device includes a vibration unit, a piezoelectric element, a signal transmission layer, and a plane unit. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from each other. The signal transmission layer includes a first conductive zone and a second conductive zone. The first electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the first conductive zone of the signal transmission layer, and the second electrode of the piezoelectric element is electrically connected to the second conductive zone of the signal transmission layer. The plane unit has at least one hole. The piezoelectric element, the signal transmission layer, and the plane unit are located at one side of the vibration unit and are sequentially stacked together.

Abstract: A piezoelectric pump includes a piezoelectric element, a vibrating piece, a valve and a flow guiding member. The vibrating piece has a central zone attached to the piezoelectric element, a peripheral zone, a first recess, a stopper and a position limiting wall both protruding from the first recess, and a through groove disposed between the central zone and the peripheral zone and connected through the first recess. The valve is attached to the peripheral zone and has a non-straight through slit. The flow guiding member is attached to the valve and has a second recess and a channel both recessed in the flow guiding member, and a through hole. The channel is connected through the second recess and the through hole. A projection of the second recess projected on the plane which the valve exists covers the non-straight through slit. An operating method of a piezoelectric pump is further provided.

Abstract: A one way valve assembly including a base, a cover, and a valve member is provided. The base includes a first and a second lower hollows and an inlet communicated with the first lower hollow. The cover includes a first and a second upper hollows, a connecting path, an outlet, and an exhaust nozzle. Positions of the first and the second upper hollows correspond to positions of the first and the second lower hollows. The first upper hollow is communicated with the second upper hollow via the connecting path. The outlet is communicated with the second upper hollow. The valve member is disposed between the base and the cover. The valve member has a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone corresponding to the first and the second upper hollows and the connecting path, and includes a valve nozzle between the second lower hollow and the second upper hollow. The first zone can deform towards the first lower hollow or the first upper hollow.

Abstract: A one way valve assembly including a base, a cover, and a valve member is provided. The base includes a first and a second lower hollows and an inlet connected through the first lower hollow. The cover includes a first and a second upper hollows, a connecting path, an outlet, and an exhaust nozzle. Positions of the first and the second upper hollows correspond to positions of the first and the second lower hollows. The first upper hollow is connected through the second upper hollow via the connecting path. The outlet is connected through the second upper hollow. The valve member is disposed between the base and the cover. The valve member has a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone corresponding to the first and the second upper hollows and the connecting path, and includes a valve nozzle between the second lower hollow and the second upper hollow. The first zone can deform towards the first lower hollow or the first upper hollow.

Abstract: A substrate having a metallized surface is provided. The substrate includes a substrate having a silanated surface, an adhesive layer disposed on the silanated surface, and a first metallic layer bonded to the silanated surface through the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is formed with a plurality of colloidal nanoparticle groups, and the colloidal nanoparticle group may include metallic nanoparticles capped with polymer. The first metallic layer and the adhesive layer have chemical bonds formed there between. The substrate may further include a second metallic layer which is electro-plated onto the first metallic layer. A method for metallizing a surface of a substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A substrate having a metallized surface is provided. The substrate includes a substrate having a silanated surface, an adhesive layer disposed on the silanated surface, and a first metallic layer bonded to the silanated surface through the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is formed with a plurality of colloidal nanoparticle groups, and the colloidal nanoparticle group may include metallic nanoparticles capped with polymer. The first metallic layer and the adhesive layer have chemical bonds formed there between. The substrate may further include a second metallic layer which is electro-plated onto the first metallic layer. A method for metallizing a surface of a substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A piezoelectric pump includes a piezoelectric element, a vibrating piece, a valve and a flow guiding member. The vibrating piece has a central zone attached to the piezoelectric element, a peripheral zone, a first recess, a stopper and a position limiting wall both protruding from the first recess, and a through groove disposed between the central zone and the peripheral zone and connected through the first recess. The valve is attached to the peripheral zone and has a non-straight through slit. The flow guiding member is attached to the valve and has a second recess and a channel both recessed in the flow guiding member, and a through hole. The channel is connected through the second recess and the through hole. A projection of the second recess projected on the plane which the valve exists covers the non-straight through slit. An operating method of a piezoelectric pump is further provided.