Abstract: In the hydroconversion of carbonaceous materials such as hydrocarbonaceous oils and coal or mixtures thereof, in which inorganic poly acids comprising molybdenum or tungsten or salts thereof are used as catalyst precursors which are converted to catalysts, the use of a combination of phosphoric acid and said poly acids or salts thereof as catalyst precursor wherein the amount of phosphoric acid is such as to provide from about 0.5 to about 3.5 atoms of phosphorus per atom of molybdenum or tungsten results in a catalyst having improved activity.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process for a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by dispersing a thermally decomposable metal compound in the oil, heating the compound in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas to form a solid, non-colloidal catalyst within the oil and reacting the oil containing the catalyst with hydrogen. Preferred thermally decomposable compound are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein solid fines having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof recovered from a gaseous product derived from the coke gasification are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage in combination with a catalyst produced from an oil soluble metal compound in situ in the chargestock of the hydroconversion zone.

Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein solid fines having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof recovered from a gaseous product derived from the coke gasification are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage.

Abstract: A coal liquefaction chargestock is first treated with a gaseous mixture comprising at least 5 mole percent hydrogen sulfide at a temperature varying from about 343.degree. C. to about 449.degree. C. for at least 8 minutes and thereafter subjected to coal liquefaction conditions.

Abstract: A catalytic hydroconversion process for a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by dissolving an oil-soluble metal compound in the oil, converting the compound to a solid, non-colloidal catalyst within the oil and reacting the oil containing the catalyst with hydrogen. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A catalytic slurry hydroconversion process for producing normally liquid hydrocarbons from a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil and from coal is performed in at least two stages in series. The heavy oil is introduced into the first hydroconversion stage and the coal is introduced into any of the hydroconversion stages other than the first stage.

Abstract: A coal liquefaction chargestock is first treated with a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas and thereafter subjected to coal liquefaction conditions.

Abstract: A process for catalytically hydroconverting coal to produce coal liquids is effected by forming a mixture of an oil soluble metal compound, a hydrogen donor solvent and coal, converting the compound to a catalyst within said mixture and reacting the mixture with hydrogen. The recovered hydrogen donor solvent may be recycled to the hydroconversion zone without intervening hydrogenation. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil is converted to lower boiling hydrocarbon products by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal phthalocyanine and a particulate iron component.

Abstract: A catalytic hydroconversion process is effected by reacting with hydrogen a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil containing a catalyst comprising an iron component and a catalytically active other metal component prepared by dissolving an oil soluble metal compound in the oil and converting the metal compound in the oil to the corresponding catalytically active metal component. Preferred oil soluble compounds are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by reacting carbon monoxide with steam at a temperature of at least 200.degree. F. in the presence of a supported catalyst containing: (1) at least one alkali metal compound derived from an acid having an ionization constant below 1 .times. 10.sup.-3, (2) a metallic hydrogenation- dehydrogenation material, and (3) a halogen moiety. The ratio of metal component to alkali metal compound, each calculated on the basis of the oxide thereof, ranges from 0.0001 to about 10 parts by weight per part by weight of the alkali metal compound. The halide constituent is present in amounts in excess of about 0.01 weight %, based on total catalyst. A preferred catalyst composition comprises potassium carbonate, a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides and combined chlorine contained on an alumina support.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by reacting carbon monoxide with steam at a temperature of at least 200.degree.F. in the presence of a supported catalyst containing: (1) at least one alkali metal compound derived from an acid having an ionization constant below 1 .times. 10.sup..sup.-3, (2) a metallic hydrogenation-dehydrogenation material, and (3) a halogen moiety. The ratio of metal component to alkali metal compound, each calculated on the basis of the oxide thereof, ranges from 0.0001 to about 10 parts by weight per part by weight of the alkali metal compound. The halide constituent is present in amounts in excess of about 0.01 weight %, based on total catalyst. A preferred catalyst composition comprises potassium carbonate, a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides and combined chlorine contained on an alumina support.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and its precursors can be selectively sorbed from gas streams containing same by contacting the gas stream at elevated temperatures with a regenerable sorbent comprising a supported or unsupported lanthanum or rare earth metal component. Subsequent to sorption, the sorbent may be desorbed and regenerated by treatment with steam (desorption) and an oxidizing gas (regeneration). The sorbent capacity may be increased by the use of alkali or alkaline earth metal components as promoters.