Abstract: Multi-particle electrophoretic displays, including three and four-particle displays, and methods of driving such displays with waveforms having shaking pulses configured to reduce or eliminate image ghosting.

Abstract: Methods to decrease the “flashiness” of updates in electrophoretic displays, especially color electrophoretic displays by incorporating spatial-temporal masks and/or phase shifts in the waveforms. The methods allow for a per pixel start time to begin a color update at each pixel with little cost in the way of processing power or energy consumption. In alternate embodiments selected images, e.g., logos, may be embedded into the transition appearance. The methods are generalizable to any electrophoretic display using waveforms and are particularly well-suited for newer multi-particle electrophoretic displays capable of producing four or more colors at each pixel.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first (B), second (Y), third (R) and fourth (W) particles dispersed in the fluid and having differing colors. The first (B) and third (R) particles bear charges of one polarity and the second (Y) and fourth (W) particles bear charges of the opposite polarity, The first particles (B) have a greater zeta potential than the third particles (R), and the second particles (Y) have a greater zeta potential than the fourth particles (W). One of the particles (W) is white, one of the non-white particles (B) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles are light-reflective.

Abstract: Low-profile piezo-electrophoretic films and display films including low profile piezo-electrophoretic films are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be patterned with high-voltage electric fields after fabrication of the piezo-electrophoretic films. Such films are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 ?m in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for testing optical states of a piezoelectric-activated electrophoretic display sample. The sample includes an electrophoretic layer superposed on and electrically connected to a piezoelectric layer. The electrophoretic layer changes optical states when the sample is manipulated between flat and bent positions. The system includes a bending apparatus for adjustably holding and manipulating the sample between the flat and bent positions to mimic hand manipulation of the sample in a plurality of bending cycles. The system also includes a color sensor operating cooperatively with the bending apparatus to detect the optical state of a given portion of the electrophoretic layer of the sample in the flat and bent positions in each bending cycle. The system further includes a control system for synchronizing the operations of the bending apparatus and the color sensor and for recording the optical states detected by the color sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrophoretic layers containing at least five different particles, and to driving methods for displaying at least five, and in some embodiments, six different colors at each pixel or sub-pixel. The electrophoretic layers may also contain uncharged neutral buoyancy particles, and the driving methods may include special shaking waveform sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrophoretic layers containing at least five different particles, and to driving methods for displaying at least five, and in some embodiments, six different colors at each pixel or sub-pixel. The electrophoretic layers may also contain uncharged neutral buoyancy particles, and the driving methods may include special shaking waveform sequences.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first (B), second (Y), third (R) and fourth (W) particles dispersed in the fluid and having differing colors. The first (B) and third (R) particles bear charges of one polarity and the second (Y) and fourth (W) particles bear charges of the opposite polarity, The first particles (B) have a greater zeta potential than the third particles (R), and the second particles (Y) have a greater zeta potential than the fourth particles (W). One of the particles (W) is white, one of the non-white particles (B) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles are light-reflective.

Abstract: Multi-particle electrophoretic displays, including three and four-particle displays, and methods of driving such displays with waveforms having shaking pulses configured to reduce or eliminate image ghosting.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first, second, third and fourth types of particles (W, Y, R, B) having four different colors. The first and third particles have charges of one polarity and the second and fourth particles charges of the opposite polarity; the first particles have a greater zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility than the third particles, and the second particles a greater zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility than the fourth particles. One particle is white (W), one non-white particle (R) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles (B, Y) are light-reflective. A third light-reflective particle (G) may be added to create a five particle medium.

Abstract: A method for driving electro-optic displays including a layer of electro-optic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane including an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a pixel transistor. The method for driving includes apportioning a displayable region of the electro-optic display into N BRAID line groups, where each of the N BRAID line groups is associated with a frame buffer. The method also includes receiving first image data comprising optical state data for the entire displayable region of the electro-optic display, and sequentially writing subsets of the first image data to each of the N frame buffers, wherein each of the N frame buffers is written with data corresponding to the corresponding BRAID line group. The method also includes sequentially updating portions of the displayable region of the electro-optic display based on the data in each of the N frame buffers.

Abstract: Provided herein is an electro-optic display having a layer of electrophoretic material, a first conductive layer, and a piezoelectric material positioned between the layer of electrophoretic material and the first conductive layer, the piezoelectric material overlaps with a portion of the layer of electrophoretic material, and a portion of the first conductive layer overlaps with the rest of the electrophoretic material.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first, second, third and fourth types of particles (W, Y, R, B) having four different colors. The first and third particles have charges of one polarity and the second and fourth particles charges of the opposite polarity; the first particles have a greater zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility than the third particles, and the second particles a greater zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility than the fourth particles. One particle is white (W), one non-white particle (R) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles (B, Y) are light-reflective. A third light-reflective particle (G) may be added to create a five particle medium.

Abstract: A method for driving an electro-optic display, the display having at least one display pixel coupled to a storage capacitor, the method include applying a waveform sequence to the at least one display pixel and connecting the storage capacitor to a first bias voltage, and maintaining a last frame voltage level on the display pixel after the completion of the applied waveform.

Abstract: Provided herein is an electro-optic display having a layer of electrophoretic material, a first conductive layer, and a piezoelectric material positioned between the layer of electrophoretic material and the first conductive layer, the piezoelectric material overlaps with a portion of the layer of electrophoretic material, and a portion of the first conductive layer overlaps with the rest of the electrophoretic material.

Abstract: A driving method for driving a display comprising an electrophoretic material having at least one type of colored pigment particle, the method includes applying at least one pulse pair to reset the at least one type of colored pigment particle, applying a separation pulse, and applying a second pulse pair to reset the at least one type of colored pigment particle.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first (B), second (Y), third (R) and fourth (W) particles dispersed in the fluid and having differing colors. The first (B) and third (R) particles bear charges of one polarity and the second (Y) and fourth (W) particles bear charges of the opposite polarity, The first particles (B) have a greater zeta potential than the third particles (R), and the second particles (Y) have a greater zeta potential than the fourth particles (W). One of the particles (W) is white, one of the non-white particles (B) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles are light-reflective.

Abstract: A method for driving electro-optic displays including a layer of electro-optic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane including an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a pixel transistor. The method for driving includes apportioning a displayable region of the electro-optic display into N BRAID line groups, where each of the N BRAID line groups is associated with a frame buffer. The method also includes receiving first image data comprising optical state data for the entire displayable region of the electro-optic display, and sequentially writing subsets of the first image data to each of the N frame buffers, wherein each of the N frame buffers is written with data corresponding to the corresponding BRAID line group. The method also includes sequentially updating portions of the displayable region of the electro-optic display based on the data in each of the N frame buffers.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and first (B), second (Y), third (R) and fourth (W) particles dispersed in the fluid and having differing colors. The first (B) and third (R) particles bear charges of one polarity and the second (Y) and fourth (W) particles bear charges of the opposite polarity, The first particles (B) have a greater zeta potential than the third particles (R), and the second particles (Y) have a greater zeta potential than the fourth particles (W). One of the particles (W) is white, one of the non-white particles (B) is partially light-transmissive, and the remaining two non-white particles are light-reflective.

Abstract: A method for driving electro-optic displays including a layer of electro-optic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane including an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a pixel transistor. The method for driving includes apportioning a displayable region of the electro-optic display into N BRAID line groups, where each of the N BRAID line groups is associated with a frame buffer. The method also includes receiving first image data comprising optical state data for the entire displayable region of the electro-optic display, and sequentially writing subsets of the first image data to each of the N frame buffers, wherein each of the N frame buffers is written with data corresponding to the corresponding BRAID line group. The method also includes sequentially updating portions of the displayable region of the electro-optic display based on the data in each of the N frame buffers.