Abstract: A direct current circuit breaker handcart and a direct current switch apparatus are provided. In the direct current circuit breaker handcart, the current carrying element is located on the support surface, and includes a main circuit breaker and an auxiliary circuit breaker electrically connected with each other; the commutation element is located on the support surface, is electrically connected with the current carrying element, and includes a commutation capacitor, a commutation inductor, a commutation switch assembly, and a commutation capacitor charger electrically connected with each other; the repulsive assembly is configured to control opening and breaking off of the main circuit breaker; the energy absorbing element is located on the support surface, and is electrically connected with the current carrying element and the commutation element, respectively.

Abstract: A dynamic characteristic analysis method of DET and RELAP5 coupling based on a universal instrumental variable method includes steps of: constructing a DET simulation model of a discrete dynamic event tree and modifying TRIP cards of an input file by adding universal instrumental TRIP variables according to state transition types of DET simulation objects, the universal instrumental TRIP variable being variable type or logical type; setting a simulation time of the RELAP5, controlling a simulation step, and analyzing an output result file of each simulation step of the RELAP5; backtracking the RELAP5 according to state transition types of DET simulation objects. The dynamic characteristic analysis method has advantages of simplifying TRIP setting process and method of DET state transition objects in an input file of the RELAP5 required for the coupling of DET and RELAP5, reducing a modeling complexity and improving a modeling efficiency.

Abstract: A process for processing an electroactive mesoporous material into a cathode, or an anode or a supercapacitor material using one or more of the steps of: (a) modifying the material to remove impurities or substitute materials in the powder by a hydrothermal process; (b) intercalating the material by injecting the material with the charge carrier ion using a hydrothermal process or supercritical CO2 fluid process where the solvent fluid contains a soluble material of the charge carrier ion; (c) sintering the intercalated material; (d) providing a layer of a conducting material within the material pores; (e) filling the pores and interparticle spaces with an electrolyte generally comprising the charge carrier ion and a solvent; and for solid state materials, (f) polymerizing the solvent to encapsulate the powders.

Abstract: A method for heating a powder material to induce a crystalline phase change in the grains of the particle comprising the steps of: a. preheating the powder from the high temperature streams generated from cooling the phase changed product; b. injecting the powder into a metal tube; c. controlling the gas composition in the metal tube by injecting a gas into the reactor; d. externally heating the first section of the tube by a first furnace segment system; e. externally heating the second section of the tube by a second furnace segment system; f: quickly quenching the powder product temperature in a cold third segment of the tube; g. collecting the processed powder at the base of the tube in a bed ejecting the powder from the tube; h. cooling the powder in a heat exchanger and using the heat to preheat the powder in step a.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cooling device, comprising a first cooling portion, a second cooling portion, and a first receiving cavity sandwiched between the first cooling portion and the second cooling portion, where the first cooling portion is disposed around the second cooling portion, and the first cooling portion and the second cooling portion are distributed spaced-apart. According to the present invention, the liquid to be cooled in the first receiving cavity is simultaneously cooled by the first cooling portion and the second cooling portion without an additive being added, so that the cooling effect is substantially improved.

Abstract: The invention provides a cathode for the nitrogen reduction reaction, comprising an electrically conductive substrate and an electrocatalytic composition on the substrate, wherein the electrocatalytic composition comprises: a support material present in one or more crystalline phases; and metallic clusters dispersed on the support material, the metallic clusters comprising at least one metal selected from ruthenium, iron, rhodium, iridium and molybdenum, wherein at least 80 mass % of the support material is present in a semiconductive crystalline phase having a conduction band minimum energy below (more positive than) ?0.3 V relative to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE).

Abstract: A system and method for data flow classification based on a configurable rule-engine, is presented herein. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the system includes a data flow managing mechanism configured to identify, track, and manage the data flows and a rule set, which includes a plurality of rules for comparing information contained within data flow with pre-specified values. The system also includes a configurable classification rule engine for classifying the data flows into one of a plurality of traffic classes based on results of the comparisons. The configurable classification rule engine is configured via a configuration file that specifies and allows for the modification and reconfiguration of the pre-specified values and information regarding the data flows, the rule set, and the traffic classes.

Abstract: Currently there are two techniques used to classify data packet flows, those techniques being static and dynamic. A proper combination of these two techniques can allow for the advantages of both techniques to be gained while reducing their respective disadvantages. With this combined flow classification method a flow is classified initially with the use of a static classification method while, at the same time, a dynamic classification method is initiated. If at any point during the dynamic classification method, the classifications derived from the static and dynamic algorithms converge, the flow's classification is henceforth assigned by the dynamic classification method. If a predetermined number of packets or length of time that would be required for the dynamic and static classification algorithms to converge is exceeded, the flow's classification, once again, is henceforth assigned by the dynamic classification method.

Abstract: Systems and methods applicable in the context of the TCP/IP suite of protocols explicitly are provided which allow for separate and preferential treatment of L4-L7 control packets compared to the treatment of L7 data packets. This provides a performance gain at the cost of providing such preferential treatment for high error and long delay channels such as wireless links. Advantageously, channel utilization may be increased, for example by 5-50% depending on link conditions, on high error and long delay transmission links. More generally the invention distinguishes between control packets such as transport layer (for example, TCP, OSI Layer 4 or L4) and application layer (for example, OSI Layer 7) control packets and data packets, and transmits the control packets with higher reliability and lower delays. The benefit may be significant for IP applications where data objects transferred are small and are bursty, e.g., Web browsing and e-mail access.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically classifying TCP-based traffic, is presented herein. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the method includes defining a first class to classify TCP data streams requiring interactive data transactions, a second class to classify TCP data streams requiring small data transactions, and a third class to classify TCP data streams requiring large data transactions. A rule set containing rules to define transitions between the defined classes, is established and an incoming TCP data stream as pertaining to the first class and detects attributes of the TCP data stream. The TCP data stream may include a single data transaction or may include a plurality of data transactions. Based on the detected attributes and the rules, the method dynamically classifies the TCP data stream into one of the defined classes.