Abstract: Printers, methods, and apparatus to form an image on a substrate are disclosed. An example apparatus (100) to form an image on a print substrate includes an applicator (104) to apply a first material (110), an ink developer (106) to apply a plurality of ink particles (112), and a transfer cylinder (108) to transfer the ink particles (112) and the first material (110) to a print substrate (102) to form an image and a coating.

Abstract: Printers, methods, and apparatus to form an image on a substrate are disclosed. An example apparatus to form an image on a print substrate includes an applicator to apply a first material, an ink developer to apply a plurality of ink particles, and a transfer cylinder to transfer the ink particles and the first material to a print substrate to form an image and a coating.

Abstract: Substrate treatment apparatus, printers, and methods to treat a print substrate are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first roller having a rigid surface to receive a treatment fluid from a reservoir, a blade to apply a first pressure to the first roller to adjust an amount of the treatment fluid present on the first roller, and a second roller having a non-rigid surface to apply a second pressure to the first roller, to receive an adjusted amount of the treatment fluid from the first roller and to apply the treatment fluid to a substrate, the first pressure and the second pressure being selected such that the second roller applies the treatment fluid to the substrate in an amount resulting in a layer of treatment fluid less than about 0.4 micrometers thick on the substrate.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an organic optoelectronic device is provided. The electrode includes a thin film of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The film may be deposited on a substrate of the device by using an elastomeric stamp. The film may be enhanced by spin-coating a smoothing layer on the film and/or doping the film to enhance conductivity. Electrodes according to the present invention may have conductivities, transparencies, and other features comparable to other materials typically used as electrodes in optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: Apparatus, printers, and methods to remove material from a printer surface are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a fluid remover to remove printing material from a printer surface, and a coating material reservoir to store coating material and to apply the coating material to the fluid remover to reduce an amount of printing material transferred to the fluid remover from the printer surface.

Abstract: A cleaning system usable with an image forming apparatus, which includes an intermediate transfer member having an image transfer blanket, includes a cleaning unit including a cleaner roller having at least one channel to transport fluid therein and a cleaner receiving surface to receive a cleaner layer, and a control unit including a temperature control module to control transportation of the fluid through the at least one channel to regulate a temperature of the cleaner roller, with the cleaner layer formed on the cleaner receiving surface to remove surface contaminants from the image transfer blanket.

Abstract: Printers, methods, and apparatus to form an image on a substrate are disclosed. An example apparatus (100) to form an image on a print substrate includes an applicator (104) to apply a first material (1 10), an ink developer (106) to apply a plurality of ink particles (1 12), and a transfer cylinder (108) to transfer the ink particles (1 12) and the first material (110) to a print substrate (102) to form an image and a coating.

Abstract: Substrate treatment apparatus, printers, and methods to treat a print substrate are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first roller to receive a treatment fluid from a reservoir, a blade to adjust an amount of the treatment fluid present on the first roller, and a second roller to receive an adjusted amount of the treatment fluid from the first roller and to apply the treatment fluid to a substrate, the treatment fluid applied to the substrate to result in a layer of treatment fluid less than about 0.4 micrometers thick on the substrate.

Abstract: An imaging device can include an imaging drum to support a carrier fluid. A roller can remove a portion of the carrier fluid from the imaging drum. A fluid container can collect the carrier fluid from the roller. A fluid remover on the container can be used to remove the carrier fluid from the roller.

Abstract: At least some aspects of the disclosure are directed towards densitometers and methods of determining optical density of printed images upon media. According to one example, an optical density determination apparatus includes a first light source configured to emit a first light beam in a first direction towards a substrate; a second light source configured to emit a second light beam in a second direction towards the substrate, the second direction being different than the first direction; a first sensor configured to sense light of the first light beam reflected from the substrate; a second sensor configured to sense light of the second light beam reflected from the substrate; and wherein the first and second sensors are configured to provide signals indicative of the light sensed by the first and second sensors and which are useable to determine optical density of the substrate.

Abstract: At least some aspects of the disclosure are directed towards densitometers and methods of determining optical density of printed images upon media. According to one example, an optical density determination apparatus includes a first light source configured to emit a first light beam in a first direction towards a substrate; a second light source configured to emit a second light beam in a second direction towards the substrate, the second direction being different than the first direction; a first sensor configured to sense light of the first light beam reflected from the substrate; a second sensor configured to sense light of the second light beam reflected from the substrate; and wherein the first and second sensors are configured to provide signals indicative of the light sensed by the first and second sensors and which are useable to determine optical density of the substrate.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an organic optoelectronic device is provided. The electrode includes a thin film of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The film may be deposited on a substrate of the device by using an elastomeric stamp. The film may be enhanced by spin-coating a smoothing layer on the film and/or doping the film to enhance conductivity. Electrodes according to the present invention may have conductivities, transparencies, and other features comparable to other materials typically used as electrodes in optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an organic optoelectronic device is provided. The electrode includes a thin film of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The film may be deposited on a substrate of the device by using an elastomeric stamp. The film may be enhanced by spin-coating a smoothing layer on the film and/or doping the film to enhance conductivity. Electrodes according to the present invention may have conductivities, transparencies, and other features comparable to other materials typically used as electrodes in optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an organic optoelectronic device is provided. The electrode includes a thin film of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The film may be deposited on a substrate of the device by using an elastomeric stamp. The film may be enhanced by spin-coating a smoothing layer on the film and/or doping the film to enhance conductivity. Electrodes according to the present invention may have conductivities, transparencies, and other features comparable to other materials typically used as electrodes in optoelectronic devices.