Abstract: The manufacturing method of the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) includes reacting water, an inorganic base, and a fluoroalkene oxide represented by Formula (1). The manufacturing method of the (1,3-dioxolane)-2-carboxylic acid derivative includes manufacturing the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) by the above manufacturing method and a manufacturing method of the (1,3-dioxolane)-2-carboxylic acid derivative includes manufacturing the 1,4-dioxane derivative represented by Formula (2) and/or Formula (10) comprising ring reduction under heating. In Formula (1), R represents a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group. In Formula (2) and in Formula (10), R represents a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, two R's present are the same as or different from each other, and M?+ represents a counter cation.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a laser region including an active layer and configured to generate light, an amplification region including the active layer and configured to amplify the light, the amplification region being adjacent to the layer region, and an electrode provided to extend over the laser region and the amplification region.

Abstract: A toner contains a mother toner particle containing a resin, a colorant, and a wax and an inorganic external additive on the surface of the mother toner particle, wherein the following relationships are satisfied: 20 < A ? 4 ? 0 Relationship ? 1 0 ? B - A ? 10 , Relationship ? 2 2.3 < C < 5. Relationship ? 3 where A (percent by mass) represents the liberation ratio of the inorganic external additive separated by shaking the toner with ultrasonic wave at a power of 20 W and a frequency of 20 kHz for one minute, B (percent by mass) represents the liberation ratio of the inorganic external additive separated by shaking the toner with ultrasonic wave at a power of 60 W and a frequency of 20 kHz for one minute, and C (percent by mass) represents the proportion of the inorganic external additive to the toner.

Abstract: The present apparatus for manufacturing an article includes a velocity-changing device that changes velocity so that circumferential velocity of a holding pad is continuously decelerated or continuously accelerated during a period from a first start time, at which hand-over of a workpiece of a first size at an upstream position as a hand-over position on a circling path is started, to a second start time, at which hand-over of a workpiece of a second size at a downstream position as the hand-over position downstream of the upstream position on the circling path is started.

Abstract: A conductive laminate includes a first organic film, a fine metal wire arranged on the first organic film, and a second organic film arranged to cover the fine metal wire, in which the fine metal wire includes a blackening layer, an intimate attachment layer, and a metal conductive layer in order from a side of the first organic film, and moisture contents of the first organic film and the second organic film are less than 3.00%.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor element includes a substrate having a first main surface whose plane orientation is {100}, a first semiconductor layer provided on the first main surface and in which a mesa is formed, and a second semiconductor layer. The mesa has a laser portion and an optical amplifier portion. The laser portion has a first surface and a second surface. The optical amplifier portion has a third surface, a fourth surface, a fifth surface, a sixth surface, and an end surface. A first distance is smaller than a second distance. The first surface and the second surface are parallel to a {01-1} plane of the substrate. The end surface is perpendicular to the {01-1} plane. In a plane parallel to the first main surface, the third surface and the fourth surface are inclined from the {01-1} plane in directions identical to each other.

Abstract: A heating device includes a rotator, a heating source, a reflector, a shield, a rotator holder, and a liquid or semi-solid substance. The rotator is rotatably held. The heating source heats the rotator. The reflector reflects radiant heat emitted from the heating source. The shield is disposed closer to a longitudinal end portion of the rotator than to a longitudinal center portion of the rotator to shield, between the heating source and the rotator, the radiant heat emitted from the heating source. The shield has a reflectance lower than a reflectance of the reflector. The rotator holder holds the longitudinal end portion of the rotator. The liquid or semi-solid substance has lubricity and adheres to the rotator holder.

Abstract: Provided is a flexographic printing plate precursor which can suppress chipping of relief images while maintaining printing properties. The flexographic printing plate precursor (10) includes a photosensitive layer (16) which includes (A) a water-dispersed latex, (B) a millable rubber, (C) a surfactant, (D) photopolymerizable compounds, and (E) a photopolymerization initiator, the (D) including the following (d1) to (d3). (d1) is a photopolymerizable compound of a chain structure having no cyclic structure, (d2) is a monofunctional photopolymerizable compound having a cyclic structure, and (d3) is a bifunctional photopolymerizable compound having a cyclic structure.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a sensor. The sensor has a casing having an opening portion, a clamp having a recessed part on its outer periphery and having one end inserted into the opening portion, and a sealing ring attached to the recessed part and disposed between the casing and the clamp. The method includes using a first divided mold to form a first component of the clamp, the first component including a main body portion and a first part located at one end side of the main body portion and forming a part of the recessed part. The first divided mold is divided so that a dividing surface intersects the main body portion and separates in an axial direction of the main body portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor chip having a first surface, a second surface, a first electrode provided on the first surface, a second electrode provided on the second surface, and a third electrode provided on the second surface; a first conductor including a fourth conductor and a fifth conductor; a conductive first connector provided between the first conductor and the first electrode; a second conductor including a sixth conductor and a seventh conductor; a conductive second connector provided between the second electrode and the sixth conductor; a third conductor including an eighth conductor, an intermediate conductor, and a ninth conductor, the intermediate conductor being provided between the eighth conductor and the ninth conductor, the eighth conductor being provided between the semiconductor chip and the intermediate conductor, and the intermediate conductor having a through hole; and a conductive third connector.

Abstract: A management apparatus includes: a desired operation route information acquisition unit that acquires desired operation route information indicating a desired operation route that is an operation route desired by an applicant who wishes to use an aircraft; and an operation plan acquisition unit that acquires an operation plan for the aircraft generated based on a plurality of pieces of the desired operation route information.

Abstract: A management apparatus includes: a reservation acceptance unit that selectively accepts an exclusive use reservation in which an aircraft is exclusively used by a sole reservation holder who has solely made a reservation for use of the aircraft, and a sharing reservation in which the aircraft is shared by a plurality of reservation holders; and a utilization plan formulation unit that formulates a utilization plan for the aircraft based on the result of acceptance by the reservation acceptance unit.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a first semiconductor layer and an active layer provided above the first semiconductor layer. The first semiconductor layer is a superlattice layer and includes a plurality of first layers and a plurality of second layers. The plurality first layers and the plurality of second layers are alternately stacked upon each other. Thicknesses of the plurality of first layers are equal to each other, and thicknesses of the plurality of second layers are equal to each other.

Abstract: A sensor is provided with a cylindrical-shaped housing which has an opening formed at one end, an electronic component which is housed in the housing, a cylindrical-shaped clamp of which one end is inserted into the housing from the opening, and a sealing resin which seals the gap between the inner wall of the housing and the outer wall of the clamp. On the outer wall, the clamp has a rib which rises towards the inner wall of the housing. The rib includes an apex and a sloped surface which extends from the apex towards another end of the clamp and which intersects the outer wall of the clamp. The sealing resin, which exudes from between the inner wall of the housing and the apex and which is positioned on the sloped surface, has a recess resulting from surface tension.

Abstract: A belt device includes a secured member, a belt, a pressure rotator, and lubricant. The belt has an endless shape and slides on a slide surface of the secured member. The belt has an inner portion having an elastic power of 55% or more and a sliding surface sliding on the slide surface of the secured member. The sliding surface has a surface roughness smaller than a surface roughness of the slide surface of the secured member. The pressure rotator presses the secured member via the belt to form a nip between the belt and the pressure rotator. The lubricant is interposed between the sliding surface of the belt and the slide surface of the secured member.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing perfluoro(2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) (hereinafter simply referred to as a “stabilization method”), including incorporating at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group-containing fluoroaromatic compound represented by General Formula (1) below and a hydroxy group-containing fluoroaromatic compound represented by General Formula (2) below into a composition containing perfluoro(2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane): (in the formula, R1 to R6 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group and a hydroxy group, and at least one of R1 to R6 is a hydroxy group); (in the formula, R7 to R14 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group and a hydroxy group, and at least one of R7 to R14 is a hydroxy group).

Abstract: A belt device includes a belt, a secured member, a pressure rotator, and lubricant. The belt is rotatable and has an endless shape. The belt includes an inner portion having an inner circumferential surface. The inner portion has an elastic power of 55% or more. The inner circumferential surface of the belt slides on the secured member. The pressure rotator includes a porous elastic body and presses the secured member via the belt to form a nip between the belt and the pressure rotator. The lubricant is interposed between the inner circumferential surface of the belt and the secured member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless fixing rotator, a slide aid, a pressure rotator, a nip formation plate, a support, a heat source, and a reflector. The endless fixing rotator has flexibility. An inner circumferential surface of the fixing rotator slides over the slide aid. The pressure rotator contacts an outer circumferential surface of the fixing rotator. The nip formation plate is disposed inside the fixing rotator to contact the pressure rotator via the fixing rotator and the slide aid to form a nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator. The nip formation plate has a thermal conductivity equal to or greater than 10 W/mK. The support supports the nip formation plate. The heat source is disposed inside the fixing rotator to heat the fixing rotator. The reflector reflects radiant heat from the heat source.

Abstract: Provided is a method of stabilizing a perfluorodioxolane compound, which includes having a quinone compound present in a composition containing a perfluorodioxolane compound, wherein the perfluorodioxolane compound is one or more perfluorodioxolane compounds selected from the group consisting of a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (1) and a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (2).

Abstract: A heating device includes a rotator, a heating source, a reflector, a shield, a rotator holder, and a liquid or semi-solid substance. The rotator is rotatably held. The heating source heats the rotator. The reflector reflects radiant heat emitted from the heating source. The shield is disposed closer to a longitudinal end portion of the rotator than to a longitudinal center portion of the rotator to shield, between the heating source and the rotator, the radiant heat emitted from the heating source. The shield has a reflectance lower than a reflectance of the reflector. The rotator holder holds the longitudinal end portion of the rotator. The liquid or semi-solid substance has lubricity and adheres to the rotator holder.