Abstract: A control system for a vehicle has an engine control unit for an engine and a generator control unit for a power generator driven by the engine. The engine control unit calculates a permissive power generation torque, which is permitted to be used by the power generator, in accordance with a response delay of the engine. The generator control unit calculates a command power to be generated by the power generator so that a battery voltage variation and an engine speed variation are suppressed to be less than respective allowable variation limits, when a power difference is caused between a required power and a permissive power generated by the permissive torque.

Abstract: A power supply control apparatus for controlling an electric generator of a vehicle limits the rate of change of a power supply voltage to a predetermined variation rate range, when the change is caused by operations to control the charge condition of the vehicle battery, and controls the generated power to match the drive torque applied by the engine to the generator. When the electrical load demand changes, the generated power is controlled to limit a resultant momentary change in the power supply voltage caused by an engine response delay, while minimizing a resultant momentary amount of engine speed variation.

Abstract: A base engine torque generated with an estimated intake air amount is estimated. An engine torque is corrected by correcting an ignition timing based on a difference between a required engine torque and the base engine torque. A torque correction amount is calculated based on a correction amount of the ignition timing. An actual engine torque is estimated based on the calculated torque correction amount and the base engine torque. A permitted component driving torque is a difference between the actual engine torque and the required vehicle driving torque. A component is controlled based on the permitted component driving torque.

Abstract: A required-generate-current (RGC) is calculated according to conditions of the electric loads and a charging state of the battery. The required-alternator-drive-torque (RADT) is estimated according to the required-generate-current (RGC). A required engine torque is calculated by adding the required-alternator-drive-torque (RADT) and the required-vehicle-drive-torque (RVDT) together. The engine torque which is realized at next calculating timing is estimated in consideration of a response delay of the engine. The differential torque between the estimated engine torque and the required-vehicle-drive-torque (RVDT) is calculated as the permission torque. The command current corresponding to the permission torque is calculated. The control current of the alternator is controlled in such a manner as to generate current corresponding to the command current at the next calculating timing.

Abstract: A base engine torque generated with an estimated intake air amount is estimated. An engine torque is corrected by correcting an ignition timing based on a difference between a required engine torque and the base engine torque. A torque correction amount is calculated based on a correction amount of the ignition timing. An actual engine torque is estimated based on the calculated torque correction amount and the base engine torque. A permitted component driving torque is a difference between the actual engine torque and the required vehicle driving torque. A component is controlled based on the permitted component driving torque.

Abstract: A zoom lens including a plurality of lens groups and varying magnification by changing a distance between lens groups, wherein a last lens group positioned on an image side closest thereto with a negative part group having negative refractive power and a positive part group arranged adjacent on the image side thereof and having positive refractive power, wherein the positive part group is shifted in a direction vertical to an optical axis to shift an image, and Equations (1) and (2) are satisfied, ?0.30<fgn/(Ngn·fT)<?0.05??(1) vgn?vgis>30??(2) where, fgn: focal length of the negative part group, Ngn: average refractive index of the negative part group, fT: focal length of the entire system at a telephoto end, vgn: composite Abbe number of the negative part group, and vgis: composite Abbe number of the positive part group.

Abstract: A zoom lens is disclosed which has a macro mode wherein the magnifying power is higher than 0.5. The zoom lens includes a first positive lens group, a second negative lens group movable upon power variation, and a plurality of movable lens groups cooperable with the second group to form a macro lens group, disposed in order from an object side. The movable lens groups include a single focusing group, and an additional negative lens group disposed further on the image side. The zoom lens has a macro mode in which it can be focused at a shorter distance than an ordinary region by moving the macro lens group integrally from a telephoto end position toward the object side while the first lens group is fixed at the telephotograph end.

Abstract: A Ni-free stainless steel product excellent in workability and corrosion resistance and a method for manufacturing such stainless steel product. A ferritic stainless steel product containing 18 to 24% by mass of Cr and 0 to 4% by mass of Mo is brought into contact with an inert gas containing a nitrogen gas at 800 degrees C. or above to subject it to nitrogen absorption treatment so that the product is austenitized partially or wholly to obtain such nickel-free product.

Abstract: A base engine torque generated with an estimated intake air amount is estimated. An engine torque is corrected by correcting an ignition timing based on a difference between a required engine torque and the base engine torque. A torque correction amount is calculated based on a correction amount of the ignition timing. An actual engine torque is estimated based on the calculated torque correction amount and the base engine torque. A permitted component driving torque is a difference between the actual engine torque and the required vehicle driving torque. A component is controlled based on the permitted component driving torque.

Abstract: An electric generator control apparatus of a vehicle sets respective target values of output voltage and output current for the electric generator of the vehicle, and selectively establishes a voltage control mode for holding the generator output voltage at the target voltage or a current control mode for holding the generator output current at the target current, with the mode selection and the setting of target values being performed based on criteria such as the level of charge of the vehicle battery, the electrical load of the vehicle equipment, etc.

Abstract: The invention aims to achieve slim design by employing a light path folding optical system, add a hand-shake correction capability, and lower power consumption. An imaging lens device includes a light path folding optical system having a reflector that folds the optical axis incident perpendicular to the gravitational direction toward the gravitational direction, and an imaging element that converts an image formed by the light path folding optical system into an electrical signal. The imaging lens device also includes drive means that moves some of lens groups or one lens (hereinafter referred to as “shake correction lens group”) in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis folded toward the gravitational direction by the reflector (hereinafter referred to as “vertical optical axis”). The shake correction lens group is moved in the direction perpendicular to the vertical optical axis to move the image in the direction perpendicular to the vertical optical axis.

Abstract: An engine controller controls an engine, which drives a generator, an auxiliary device, and a vehicle. The generator generates electricity, and supplying the electricity to a battery and a plurality of current consumers. A generator controller controls the generator. An auxiliary device controller controls the auxiliary device. An electric power generation calculation unit calculates one of a requested power generation of the generator and a present power generation of the generator. An engine speed changing unit evaluates tendency of power generation on the basis of the one of the requested power generation and the present power generation. The engine speed changing unit requests increase or decreases in the engine speed when the engine speed changing unit determines the power generation to be inclined toward shortage or excess.

Abstract: A zoom lens has good optical performance, is compact, and has a high magnifying power, and is suitable for use in a video camera, a digital still camera, a cellular phone, or the like, and a image pickup apparatus employs the zoom lens. The zoom lens (1) includes a first lens group (GR1) fixed upon zooming and having a positive refractive power, a second lens group (GR2) having a negative refractive power, a third lens group (GR3) having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens group (GR4) having a negative refractive power, and a fifth lens group (GR5) having a positive refractive power, which are successively arranged in the order from the object side. At least the second lens group and the fourth lens group are moved for zooming.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a storage unit configured to store sightseeing information in a storing unit, a detection unit configured to detect sightseeing information corresponding to a predetermined sightseeing site stored in the storing device, a display unit configured to display the sightseeing information detected by the detection means on a display unit, and an image-capturing unit configured to capture an image of an object. The storage unit links an image obtained as a result of capturing an image using the image-capturing unit to the sightseeing information detected by the detecting unit and stores the image.

Abstract: A zoom lens is disclosed which has a macro mode wherein the magnifying power is higher than 0.5. The zoom lens includes a first positive lens group, a second negative lens group movable upon power variation, and a plurality of movable lens groups cooperable with the second group to form a macro lens group, disposed in order from an object side. The movable lens groups include a single focusing group, and an additional negative lens group disposed further on the image side. The zoom lens has a macro mode in which it can be focused at a shorter distance than an ordinary region by moving the macro lens group integrally from a telephoto end position toward the object side while the first lens group is fixed at the telephotograph end.

Abstract: A required-generate-current (RGC) is calculated according to conditions of the electric loads and a charging state of the battery. The required-alternator-drive-torque (RADT) is estimated according to the required-generate-current (RGC). A required engine torque is calculated by adding the required-alternator-drive-torque (RADT) and the required-vehicle-drive-torque (RVDT) together. The engine torque which is realized at next calculating timing is estimated in consideration of a response delay of the engine. The differential torque between the estimated engine torque and the required-vehicle-drive-torque (RVDT) is calculated as the permission torque. The command current corresponding to the permission torque is calculated. The control current of the alternator is controlled in such a manner as to generate current corresponding to the command current at the next calculating timing.

Abstract: A zoom lens is provided, which includes a first lens group Gr1 having positive refractive power, a second lens group Gr2 having negative refractive power, which is movable in an optical axis direction mainly for zooming (varying power), a third lens group Gr3 having positive refractive power, a fourth lens group Gr4 having negative refractive power, which is movable in the optical axis direction for correcting fluctuations in focal position during zooming and for focusing, and a fifth lens group Gr5 having positive refractive power, which lens groups are arrayed in order from an object side, wherein the first lens group includes a concave lens, a convex lens, and a triple-cemented lens T1 in which a lens L6 made of special low-dispersion glass is sandwiched in the middle, which lenses are arrayed in order from the object side. Thereby, a range from a super wide-angle area to a super telephoto area can be covered with angles of view of not less than 67 degrees at a wide-angle end and not more than 1.

Abstract: Ferritic stainless steel was produced by the melting method. The ferritic stainless steel was worked to the shape of a medical device for living soft tissue to obtain a medical device body. The medical device body was brought into contact with gas including nitrogen at a 800° C. treatment temperature or more to make the ferritic stainless steel forming the medical device body absorb the nitrogen and transform at least part of the ferritic stainless steel to austenite.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stainless steel product, which comprises contacting a bulk product of a ferritic stainless steel having been formed into a desired shape through melting with an inert gas containing nitrogen at 800° C. or higher, to thereby convert the structure of the whole or a part of the bulk product to austenite and produce an austenitic product or a product having a two-phase structure comprised of ferrite and austenite, respectively. The method allows the reduction of the manufacturing cost of a formed austenitic stainless steel product to a satisfactorily low level, which results in the manufacture of a stainless steel product having satisfactory characteristics in both of strength and corrosion resistance at a satisfactorily low cost.