Abstract: A cause estimation system includes a training data acquisition unit that acquires training data in which sensing data is used as an explanatory variable and a flame failure detection cause is used as an objective variable, the sensing data being sensed by a combustion system during a predetermined time period preceding a time when a flame failure is detected based on a flame voltage indicating a main burner's flame state. The cause estimation system further includes a machine learning unit that performs machine learning based on the training data acquired and that constructs an estimation model in which a learning result is reflected, and a cause estimation unit that inputs sensing data sensed by the combustion system during a predetermined time period preceding a new flame failure detection timing into the estimation model and that acquires a new flame failure detection cause output from the estimation model.

Abstract: To detect a sign of a flame failure that cannot be detected by monitoring a flame voltage and a flame current, a flame monitoring device is provided that includes an information acquisition unit that sequentially acquires a flame level indicating frequency of discharge of a flame detector caused by a flame of a main burner, and a flame level monitoring unit that monitors the flame level sequentially acquired by the information acquisition unit. The flame level monitoring unit detects a sign of a flame failure of the flame by detecting an occurrence of a specific period during which a state in which the flame level is less than a predetermined threshold value continues for a length of time equal to or more than a predetermined period and less than a flame response period.

Abstract: An orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1) includes: an ion ejector (123) which ejects measurement-target ions in a predetermined direction; an orthogonal accelerator (132) which accelerates ions in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the ions are ejected; a ring electrode (131) located between the ion ejector and the orthogonal accelerator, the ring electrode having an opening for allowing ions to pass through and arranged so that the central axis (C2) of the opening is shifted from the central axis (C1) of the ion ejector in a direction along the axis of the acceleration of the ions by the orthogonal accelerator; a reflectron electrode (134) which creates a repelling electric field for reversing the direction of the ions accelerated by the orthogonal accelerator; and an ion detector (135) which detects ions after the direction of flight of the ions is reversed by the reflectron electrode.

Abstract: A user is allowed to appropriately recognize a malfunction in a combustion device by a combustion monitoring device, which includes an information acquisition unit that acquires a plurality of sets each including an amount of fuel supplied to a main burner of a combustion device and an average value and a variation degree of flame levels when the amount of fuel is supplied to the main burner. The combustion monitoring device further includes information processing unit that executes a process of displaying, on a display, a graph indicating a relation between the amount of fuel and the average value of the flame levels, and a graph indicating a relation between the amount of fuel and the variation degree of the flame levels, based on the plurality of sets acquired by the information acquisition unit.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes: a storage unit 411 which stores, for an ion having a predetermined mass-to-charge ratio, a reference value which is a value lower than a maximum value of a measured intensity of the ion, the maximum value being obtained by optimizing a measurement parameter of each unit; and a parameter adjustment unit 43 configured to adjust a measurement parameter of each unit such that a measured intensity of the ion having the predetermined mass-to-charge ratio equals the reference value when a sample containing the ion is measured.

Abstract: To grasp a state of a combustion apparatus based on a flame state of a burner, a discharge number measurement unit measures the number of discharges of a flame sensor per unit time, and a light emission information generation unit generates, as light emission information, information obtained based on a value obtained by dividing a total (accumulation) of the number of discharges per unit time measured by the discharge number measurement unit by a total measurement time, and a display unit displays the light emission information generated by the light emission information generation unit. Since the light emission information corresponds to a combustion amount, a change in a combustion state is capable of being grasped more finely by confirming a change in the light emission information displayed on the display unit, and a fine abnormality in a combustion apparatus is capable of being detected.

Abstract: An orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1) includes: an ion ejector (123) which ejects measurement-target ions in a predetermined direction; an orthogonal accelerator (132) which accelerates ions in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the ions are ejected; a ring electrode (131) located between the ion ejector and the orthogonal accelerator, the ring electrode having an opening for allowing ions to pass through and arranged so that the central axis (C2) of the opening is shifted from the central axis (C1) of the ion ejector in a direction along the axis of the acceleration of the ions by the orthogonal accelerator; a reflectron electrode (134) which creates a repelling electric field for reversing the direction of the ions accelerated by the orthogonal accelerator; and an ion detector (135) which detects ions after the direction of flight of the ions is reversed by the reflectron electrode.

Abstract: The other end of an individual sample supply channel one end of which is connected to a gas buffer container the inside of which is empty is connected to one sub-port of a valve that selects one of standard samples to be supplied to an ESI probe. During analysis, the standard sample stored in one of liquid sample containers is selected by switching a connection state of the valve. The standard sample supplied by being pushed by a gas sent to the liquid sample containers through liquid supply gas branch channels is sent to the ESI probe through a sample supply main channel. At the time of finishing analysis, when the valve is switched such that the sub-port and a main port are communicatively connected, a nitrogen gas is sent to the sample supply main channel, and the remaining liquid is discharged.

Abstract: The other end of an individual sample supply channel one end of which is connected to a gas buffer container the inside of which is empty is connected to one sub-port of a valve that selects one of standard samples to be supplied to an ESI probe. During analysis, the standard sample stored in one of liquid sample containers is selected by switching a connection state of the valve. The standard sample supplied by being pushed by a gas sent to the liquid sample containers through liquid supply gas branch channels is sent to the ESI probe through a sample supply main channel. At the time of finishing analysis, when the valve is switched such that the sub-port and a main port are communicatively connected, a nitrogen gas is sent to the sample supply main channel, and the remaining liquid is discharged.

Abstract: The other end of an individual sample supply channel one end of which is connected to a gas buffer container the inside of which is empty is connected to one sub-port of a valve that selects one of standard samples to be supplied to an ESI probe. During analysis, the standard sample stored in one of liquid sample containers is selected by switching a connection state of the valve. The standard sample supplied by being pushed by a gas sent to the liquid sample containers through liquid supply gas branch channels is sent to the ESI probe through a sample supply main channel. At the time of finishing analysis, when the valve is switched such that the sub-port and a main port are communicatively connected, a nitrogen gas is sent to the sample supply main channel, and the remaining liquid is discharged.

Abstract: When a Q-TOF type mass spectrometer is operated in an MS1 mode, a controller (40), at the time of measurement, controls voltage generators (31 to 33) such that only a V voltage (radio-frequency voltage for mass separation) and a direct-current bias voltage are applied to main rod electrodes of a quadrupole mass filter (12) without application of a U voltage (direct-current voltage for mass separation). During a measurement preparation period between a plurality of measurements to obtain one mass spectrum, the controller (40) controls a U voltage generator (31) so as to apply the U voltage to the main rod electrodes of the quadrupole mass filter (12). Accordingly, a direct-current electric field is formed between adjacent main rod electrodes around an ion optical axis (C) due to a potential difference, and electric charges accumulated in rod holders (122) holding the main rod electrodes are rapidly removed by an effect of this electric field.

Abstract: For an automatic adjustment of a detector voltage, a measurement of a standard sample is performed, in which a reflection voltage generator under the control of an autotuning controller applies, to a reflector, voltages which are different from those applied in a normal measurement and do not cause temporal conversion of ions. Ions having the same m/z simultaneously ejected from an ejector are dispersed in the temporal direction and reach a detector. Therefore, a plurality of low peaks corresponding to individual ions are observed on a profile spectrum. A peak-value data acquirer determines a wave-height value of each peak. A wave-height-value list creator creates a list of wave-height values. A detector voltage determiner searches for a detector voltage at which the median of the wave-height values in the wave-height-value list falls within a reference range.

Abstract: A transfer electrode unit (240) is configured by coaxially arranging a plurality of loop electrodes (241A, 241B, 241C), and guides ions to an orthogonal acceleration region (242C) by allowing the ions to pass through an inner side of the plurality of electrodes (241A, 241B, 241C) each of which is applied with a voltage. A voltage having a higher absolute value than the voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes (241A, 241B, 241C) is applied to a flight tube (246), and the ions accelerated in the orthogonal acceleration region (242C) are introduced to a flight space formed in the flight tube (246). A shield portion (241F) is provided between the transfer electrode unit (240) and the flight tube (246), and suppresses that an electric field derived from the voltage applied to the flight tube (246) enters the transfer electrode unit (240).

Abstract: The other end of an individual sample supply channel one end of which is connected to a gas buffer container the inside of which is empty is connected to one sub-port of a valve that selects one of standard samples to be supplied to an ESI probe. During analysis, the standard sample stored in one of liquid sample containers is selected by switching a connection state of the valve. The standard sample supplied by being pushed by a gas sent to the liquid sample containers through liquid supply gas branch channels is sent to the ESI probe through a sample supply main channel. At the time of finishing analysis, when the valve is switched such that the sub-port and a main port are communicatively connected, a nitrogen gas is sent to the sample supply main channel, and the remaining liquid is discharged.

Abstract: When a Q-TOF type mass spectrometer is operated in an MS1 mode, a controller (40), at the time of measurement, controls voltage generators (31 to 33) such that only a V voltage (radio-frequency voltage for mass separation) and a direct-current bias voltage are applied to main rod electrodes of a quadrupole mass filter (12) without application of a U voltage (direct-current voltage for mass separation). During a measurement preparation period between a plurality of measurements to obtain one mass spectrum, the controller (40) controls a U voltage generator (31) so as to apply the U voltage to the main rod electrodes of the quadrupole mass filter (12). Accordingly, a direct-current electric field is formed between adjacent main rod electrodes around an ion optical axis (C) due to a potential difference, and electric charges accumulated in rod holders (122) holding the main rod electrodes are rapidly removed by an effect of this electric field.

Abstract: Even if vibration is applied to an electrode, a connector section is not separated due to urge of a spring section by using a mass spectrometer that includes an electrode (plate-like electrode); a power source section that supplies electric power to the electrode with a predetermined voltage and/or current; a connection line formed of a conductive wire rod having elasticity for electrically connecting the electrode and the power source section; a connector section provided at one end of the connection line; a seat provided in the electrode to be contacted with the connector section; a fixation section provided in the connection line to be fixed to the power source section; and a spring section formed between the connector section and the fixation section of the connection line or in the connector section and for urging the connector section to the seat.

Abstract: A transfer electrode unit (240) is configured by coaxially arranging a plurality of loop electrodes (241A, 241B, 241C), and guides ions to an orthogonal acceleration region (242C) by allowing the ions to pass through an inner side of the plurality of electrodes (241A, 241B, 241C) each of which is applied with a voltage. A voltage having a higher absolute value than the voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes (241A, 241B, 241C) is applied to a flight tube (246), and the ions accelerated in the orthogonal acceleration region (242C) are introduced to a flight space formed in the flight tube (246). A shield portion (241F) is provided between the transfer electrode unit (240) and the flight tube (246), and suppresses that an electric field derived from the voltage applied to the flight tube (246) enters the transfer electrode unit (240).

Abstract: A multipole ion guide (30) including a plurality of rod electrodes arranged at an angle to the central axis (C) is placed within a collision cell (13) located in the previous stage of an orthogonal accelerator (16). Radio-frequency voltages with opposite phases are applied to the rod electrodes of the ion guide (30) so that any two rod electrodes neighboring each other in the circumferential direction have opposite phases of the voltage. A depth gradient of the pseudopotential is thereby formed from the entrance end toward the exit end within the space surrounded by the rod electrodes, and ions are accelerated by this gradient. During an ion-accumulating process, a direct voltage having the same polarity as the ions is applied to the exit lens electrode (132) to form a potential barrier for accumulating ions. Among the ions repelled by the potential barrier, ions having smaller m/z return closer to the entrance end.

Abstract: For an automatic adjustment of a detector voltage, a measurement of a standard sample is performed, in which a reflection voltage generator under the control of an autotuning controller applies, to a reflector, voltages which are different from those applied in a normal measurement and do not cause temporal conversion of ions. Ions having the same m/z simultaneously ejected from an ejector are dispersed in the temporal direction and reach a detector. Therefore, a plurality of low peaks corresponding to individual ions are observed on a profile spectrum. A peak-value data acquirer determines a wave-height value of each peak. A wave-height-value list creator creates a list of wave-height values. A detector voltage determiner searches for a detector voltage at which the median of the wave-height values in the wave-height-value list falls within a reference range.

Abstract: When a normal mass spectrometry is performed without dissociating an ion, the m/z range limitation voltage setting unit applies a radio-frequency voltage to each rod electrode of the quadrupole mass filter and controls the quadrupole voltage generator so as to apply a direct current voltage smaller than that at the time of ion selection for MS/MS spectrometry. When a small direct current voltage is applied, a mass scanning line is set so as to pass through a stability region on a Mathieu diagram over a long range, hence large m/z ions that do not fall within the stability region are blocked in the quadrupole mass filter. By adjusting a cut-off point on larger m/z side blocked in accordance with the measurement period of OA-TOFMS including the orthogonal accelerator, heavy ions that cause period delay are prevented from being introduced into the orthogonal accelerator.