Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for model predictive automatic gain control under additive white Gaussian noise jamming. The method includes predicting a plurality of consecutive signal values by an autoregressive integrated moving average model; calculating a signal average value of the plurality of consecutive signal values; calculating a gain control value using the signal average value of the plurality of consecutive signal values; if the gain control value is greater than a maximum control capability of a AGC processor, using the gain control value as a desired gain control value; or if the gain control value is equal to or less than the maximum control capability, using a minimum difference between an estimated amplitude and each of reference amplitudes in the LUT as the desired gain control value; and calculating a new AGC gain for a current time step according to the desired gain control value.

Abstract: A battery cell, a battery, and an electrical apparatus. The battery cell comprises a shell having a wall portion. The wall portion is provided with a first weak portion and a pressure relief region, the wall portion being configured to crack along the first weak portion to open the pressure relief region. The wall portion is further provided with a second weak portion, and the pressure relief region is configured to flip around the second weak portion when the first weak portion cracks, thereby relieving internal pressure of the battery cell. The second weak portion is disposed on the wall portion such that, when opened, the pressure relief region flips with the second weak portion as an axis. This structure allows the pressure relief region to be opened in a controlled manner to release gas when the internal pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an ionosphere estimation method applied to a single satellite, an ionosphere estimation system, and a storage medium. The method includes providing locations of the single satellite and an enhanced reference emitter (ERE); using the locations of the single satellite and the ERE to obtain a measured ionospheric delay and transmitting the measured ionospheric delay to the ERE; determining a measured STEC using the measured ionospheric delay; and updating a NeQuick-G model deployed in one or more of the plurality of EREs by implementing a cUKF.

Abstract: A signal acquisition method includes: establishing a sub-integration length of a prime code signal to be a half of a symbol duration of navigation data, where the prime code signal is received by a signal receiver and includes a plurality of sub-integration pairs, and each sub-integration pair includes a first sub-integration and a second sub-integration; for each sub-integration, generating a first local replica and a second local replica based on the prime code signal; and executing FFT based convolution on the prime code signal, the first local replica and the second local replica to yield two convolution results; comparing two convolution maximum peak values and selecting convolution maximum peak values with higher magnitude in the sub-integration pair as first and second convolution peak values; and comparing the first convolution peak value and the second convolution peak value to obtain a corresponding IFFT convolution result to be outputted.

Abstract: The present disclosure provide a system, a method, and a storage medium for distributed joint manifold learning (DJML) based heterogeneous sensor data fusion. The system includes a plurality of nodes; and each node includes at least one camera; one or more sensors; at least one memory configured to store program instructions; and at least one processor, when executing the program instructions, configured to obtain heterogeneous sensor data from the one or more sensors to form a joint manifold; determine one or more optimum manifold learning algorithms by evaluating a plurality of manifold learning algorithms based on the joint manifold; compute a contribution of the node based on the one or more optimum manifold learning algorithms; update a contribution table based on the contribution of the node and contributions received from one or more neighboring nodes; and broadcast the updated contribution table to the one or more neighboring nodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, a system and a storage medium of resilient human-on-the-loop range-only cooperative positioning of a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The method includes computing an initial exploitability using an initial distribution and an initial policy; performing a forward updating of a distribution of a portion of the plurality of UAVs, and performing a backward updating of a Q function of each UAV of the plurality of UAVs; for each time step, calculating a dual variable at an (i+1)-th iteration and calculating a policy at an (i+1)-th iteration; computing a ratio of an exploitability at the (i+1)-th iteration over the initial exploitability; and if the ratio is less than or equal to a pre-defined tolerance value, maintaining a policy at the i-th iteration; and if the ratio is greater than the pre-defined tolerance value, using the policy at the (i+1)-th iteration.

Abstract: A battery includes: a battery cell with a pressure relief mechanism provided at a first wall thereof; a support component configured to support the battery cell and including first and second support components that are connected and located on the same side of the battery cell, the first support component being located between the first wall and the second support component and attached to the first wall, the first support component being provided with a first through hole corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism, and the second support component being provided with a second through hole corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism; and a first protective component configured to close the second through hole and to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so as to allow an emission from the battery cell to pass through the second support component.

Abstract: A battery, an electrical device, and an energy storage device. The battery includes: a battery cell, a first wall of the battery cell being provided with a pressure relief mechanism; an attachment component, a first surface of the attachment component being attached to the first wall by an adhesive; an isolation component connected to the attachment component and configured to prevent the adhesive from being applied between the attachment component and the pressure relief mechanism; and a protective component connected to a surface of the isolation component facing away from the pressure relief mechanism to protect the isolation component; where the attachment component is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the position of the pressure relief mechanism.

Abstract: A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is disclosed comprising a transmitter. The transmitter is configured to: receive a plurality of frequencies; determine a minimum frequency from the plurality of frequencies; determine a maximum frequency from the plurality of frequencies; determine a carrier from the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency; determine a set of subcarriers from the carrier and the plurality of frequencies; identify optimal radius of desired phase points to select optimal subcarriers from the set of subcarriers; determine inter-modulation terms with a minimal energy based on the optimal subcarriers; and generate multi-carrier constant envelope waveforms based on the inter-modulation terms.

Abstract: A method for detecting GPS spoofing attacks includes providing a trained deep learning (DL) model based on neural networks, feeding GPS signals into the trained DL model, using asymmetric Shapley values (ASVs) to calculate feature contributions, using the ASVs to assign a non-uniform distribution over an ordering of features, obtaining causal structures among the features, applying the ASVs to causal Shapley additive explanation to obtain Shapley attributions, incorporating the Shapley attributions and the causal structures, and detecting GPS spoofing attacks by running the trained DL model and using the causal structures, non-uniform distribution, feature contributions, and Shapley attributions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cross-correlation based method, a system and a storage medium for blind electromagnetic interference Doppler estimation from a single satellite geolocation system. The method includes at a first time, calculating a power spectral density (PSD) of a received signal; smoothing the PSD of the received signal using moving window average, and saving the smoothed PSD of the received signal as PSD0; at a next time, calculating a PSD of another received signal; smoothing the PSD of the another received signal using moving window average, and saving the smoothed PSD of the another received signal as PSD1; performing cross correlation between PSD0 and PSD1 to obtain a cross-correlation result; determining a peak position from the cross-correlation result; and obtaining a Doppler estimation based on a peak position shift between the peak position and a reference position.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for generating a variable quality clock signal to preserve power for electronic devices. According to one aspect, there is provided a system that includes (i) a stand-by clock, configured to produce a stand-by clock signal when the system is in a low-power mode, and (ii) a primary clock, configured to produce a primary clock signal when the system is in an active mode, with the system configured to switch from the low-power mode to the active mode by providing the output of the stand-by clock as a start-up signal to the primary clock.

Abstract: A method for recognizing a low-probability-of-interception (LPI) radar signal waveform includes: obtaining, by a radar signal receiver, an LPI radar signal s(t), s(t) varying with time t; extracting, by a radar signal processor, an adaptive feature and a pre-defined analytical feature from the LPI radar signal s(t); combining, by the radar signal processor, the adaptive feature with the pre-defined analytical feature to generate a constructed adaptive feature; and applying, by the radar signal processor, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify the constructed adaptive feature to recognize the LPI radar signal waveform.

Abstract: A method for detecting GPS spoofing attacks includes providing a trained deep learning (DL) model based on neural networks, feeding GPS signals into the trained DL model, using asymmetric Shapley values (ASVs) to calculate feature contributions, using the ASVs to assign a non-uniform distribution over an ordering of features, obtaining causal structures among the features, applying the ASVs to causal Shapley additive explanation to obtain Shapley attributions, incorporating the Shapley attributions and the causal structures, and detecting GPS spoofing attacks by running the trained DL model and using the causal structures, non-uniform distribution, feature contributions, and Shapley attributions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, a device, and a storage medium for domain adaptation for efficient learning fusion (DAELF). The method includes acquiring data from a plurality of data sources of a plurality of sensors; for each of the plurality of sensors, training an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (AC-GAN) by a hardware processor with data from each data source of the plurality of data sources, thereby obtaining a trained feature extraction network and a trained label prediction network for each data source; forming a decision-level fusion network or a feature-level fusion network; and training the decision-level fusion network or the feature-level fusion network with a source-only mode or a generate to adapt (GTA) mode; and applying the trained decision-level fusion network or the trained feature-level fusion network to detect a target of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, a system and a storage medium of PID-based automatic gain control for a satellite transponder system. The method includes receiving a sequence of sample signals; determining two different block sizes where a block size of a first block is greater than a block size of a second block; using the block size of the first block to compute a first signal-amplitude-ratio (SAR)-based gain value and using the block size of the second block to compute a second signal-amplitude-ratio (SAR)-based gain value by the AGC processor through the sequence of sample signals; calculating a to-be-applied gain control value of an m-th transmitted symbol at a n-th time step; and calculating a new AGC gain at the n-th time step according to the to-be-applied gain control value at the n-th time step and a corresponding AGC gain at the (n?1)-th time step.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, a system and a storage medium of PID-based automatic gain control for a satellite transponder system. The method includes receiving a sequence of sample signals; determining two different block sizes where a block size of a first block is greater than a block size of a second block; using the block size of the first block to compute a first signal-amplitude-ratio (SAR)-based gain value and using the block size of the second block to compute a second signal-amplitude-ratio (SAR)-based gain value by the AGC processor through the sequence of sample signals; calculating a to-be-applied gain control value of an m-th transmitted symbol at a n-th time step; and calculating a new AGC gain at the n-th time step according to the to-be-applied gain control value at the n-th time step and a corresponding AGC gain at the (n?1)-th time step.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for model predictive automatic gain control under additive white Gaussian noise jamming. The method includes predicting a plurality of consecutive signal values by an autoregressive integrated moving average model; calculating a signal average value of the plurality of consecutive signal values; calculating a gain control value using the signal average value of the plurality of consecutive signal values; if the gain control value is greater than a maximum control capability of a AGC processor, using the gain control value as a desired gain control value; or if the gain control value is equal to or less than the maximum control capability, using a minimum difference between an estimated amplitude and each of reference amplitudes in the LUT as the desired gain control value; and calculating a new AGC gain for a current time step according to the desired gain control value.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, a system and a storage medium of resilient human-on-the-loop range-only cooperative positioning of a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The method includes computing an initial exploitability using an initial distribution and an initial policy; performing a forward updating of a distribution of a portion of the plurality of UAVs, and performing a backward updating of a Q function of each UAV of the plurality of UAVs; for each time step, calculating a dual variable at an (i+1)-th iteration and calculating a policy at an (i+1)-th iteration; computing a ratio of an exploitability at the (i+1)-th iteration over the initial exploitability; and if the ratio is less than or equal to a pre-defined tolerance value, maintaining a policy at the i-th iteration; and if the ratio is greater than the pre-defined tolerance value, using the policy at the (i+1)-th iteration.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems to determine a niche market of items or services, the first phase of which identifies a gap between demand and supply for a set of items. Session logs may be evaluated to compare transactions involving a specific item to those of a larger group of items. The resultant information identifies areas of high demand, but with low availability. The niche market information may be provided as direct merchandising items for sellers. In one example, the method generates niche market item web pages in specific categories. Additional methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed.