Abstract: Allyl alcohol production processes are generally described herein. One or more of the processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions sufficient to form an isomerization product stream including allyl alcohol, wherein the propylene oxide stream includes a total impurity concentration of at least 100 ppm. One or more of the processes generally includes purging at least a portion of a stream from one or more separation unit(s).

Abstract: The present technology discloses processes for producing carboxylic acid. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a liquid reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product, including acetic acid and acetaldehyde. The liquid reaction medium may include a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; and water in a water concentration in a range of 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % based on the total weight of the liquid reaction medium. In certain embodiments, the processes comprise contacting at least a portion of the carbonylation product or a derivative thereof with a micro-porous material such as a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) to selectively convert at least a portion of the acetaldehyde to crotonaldehyde.

Abstract: Provided herein in is a method of removing phosphorus from a liquid hydrocarbon that includes the steps of (a) contacting the liquid hydrocarbon with an aqueous solution that comprises an oxidizing agent to form a reaction mixture that comprises an aqueous component and a hydrocarbon component, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon comprises at least an alkene(C4-30), and a phosphine(C?30); (b) reacting the oxidizing agent with the phosphine(C?30) to form the corresponding phosphine oxide(C?30); and (c) separating the aqueous component from the hydrocarbon component, thereby removing the phosphine oxide(C?30) from the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Processes for producing carboxylic acid are included herein. The processes include contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a liquid reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product including acetic acid and one or more components selected from acetaldehyde, formic acid and combinations thereof, wherein the liquid reaction medium includes: a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; and water in a water concentration in a range of 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % based on the total weight of the liquid reaction medium; and contacting at least a portion of the carbonylation product or a derivative thereof with an adsorbent at adsorption conditions sufficient to selectively reduce a concentration of one or more components present in the carbonylation product, wherein the adsorbent includes a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of using homogenous rhodium-BIPHEPHOS catalysts comprising for the hydroformylation of an allyl alcohol. In some aspects, the methods provided herein relate to the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol to produce 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde in a continuous process.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of removing halides from a reactor effluent comprising treating the halide containing carbonylation product with a resin or material comprising a metal ion with a metal loading of greater than 15 wt % are provided herein. In some aspects, the methods involve treating the halide containing carbonylation product with a silver loaded resin which comprises a loading of greater than 15 wt % of silver to remove inorganic or organic halides.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a rhodium catalyzed carbonylation process of alcohols, ethers, and esters in the presence of phosphine oxide and ruthenium additives to produce carboxylic acids. In some embodiments, the technology provides for an improved method of preparing acetic acid from methyl acetate or methanol using a rhodium catalyst with a phosphine oxide and a ruthenium additive.

Abstract: Butanediol production processes are described herein. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting an allyl alcohol stream with a hydroformylation catalyst in the presence of a gas stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form a hydroformylation product stream including a butanediol intermediate, wherein the allyl alcohol stream includes less than 98 wt. % allyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present technology relates to methods of hydroformylating allyl alcohol to 4-hydroxybutanal and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal, comprising (i) admixing allyl alcohol with CO and H2 to form a starting material mixture, and (ii) reacting the starting material mixture in the presence of a catalyst under conditions capable of forming a product mixture comprising 4-hydroxybutanal and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal, wherein the catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a transition metal ion and a diphosphine ligand with a bite angle from about 70° to about 100°, and wherein the ratio of 4-hydroxybutanal to 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal in the product mixture is less than 1.5:1.

Abstract: Processes for producing acetic acid herein generally include contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form acetic acid, the reaction medium including a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; from 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % water; and a plurality of additives, in-situ generated derivatives of the plurality of additives or combinations thereof; the plurality of additives including a first additive including one or more phosphine oxides and a second additive selected from heteropolyacids, metal salts and combinations thereof, the heteropolyacids represented by the formula HnM12XO40, wherein H is hydrogen, M is selected from tungsten and molybdenum, X is selected from phosphorous and silicon and O is oxygen and n is 3 or 4, the metal salts are selected from transition metal salts, lanthanide metal salts and combinations thereof; and recovering acetic acid from the process.

Abstract: A method of using homogenous rhodium catalysts comprising N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for the hydroformylation of olefins and substituted olefins is provided. In some aspects, the methods provided herein relate to the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol to 4-hydroxybutaldehyde in the presence of a rhodium catalyst which contains one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands of the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10:1 to 1:10; and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500° F. (260° C.) to about 650° F. (350° C.) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.

Abstract: The present technology discloses processes for producing carboxylic acid. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a liquid reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product, including acetic acid and acetaldehyde. The liquid reaction medium may include a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; and water in a water concentration in a range of 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % based on the total weight of the liquid reaction medium. In certain embodiments, the processes comprise contacting at least a portion of the carbonylation product or a derivative thereof with a micro-porous material such as a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) to selectively convert at least a portion of the acetaldehyde to crotonaldehyde.

Abstract: Processes for producing carboxylic acid are included herein. The processes include contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a liquid reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product including acetic acid and one or more components selected from acetaldehyde, formic acid and combinations thereof, wherein the liquid reaction medium includes: a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; and water in a water concentration in a range of 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % based on the total weight of the liquid reaction medium; and contacting at least a portion of the carbonylation product or a derivative thereof with an adsorbent at adsorption conditions sufficient to selectively reduce a concentration of one or more components present in the carbonylation product, wherein the adsorbent includes a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO).

Abstract: Allyl alcohol production processes are generally described herein. One or more of the processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions sufficient to form an isomerization product stream including allyl alcohol, wherein the propylene oxide stream includes a total impurity concentration of at least 100 ppm. One or more of the processes generally includes purging at least a portion of a stream from one or more separation unit(s).

Abstract: Butanediol production processes are described herein. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting an allyl alcohol stream with a hydroformylation catalyst in the presence of a gas stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form a hydroformylation product stream including a butanediol intermediate, wherein the allyl alcohol stream includes less than 98 wt. % allyl alcohol.

Abstract: Processes for producing carboxylic acid are included herein. The processes include contacting an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a liquid reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product including the carboxylic acid and recovering the carboxylic acid from the carbonylation product. The liquid reaction medium may include a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; water in a water concentration ranging from 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % based on the total liquid reaction medium weight; and an additive, one or more in situ generated derivatives of the additive or combinations thereof, wherein the additive includes one or more salts of one or more compounds, each compound including at least one amino group and at least one acid group, the at least one acid group capable of forming an alkali metal salt.

Abstract: The present technology relates to methods of hydroformylating allyl alcohol to 4-hydroxybutanal and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal, comprising (i) admixing allyl alcohol with CO and H2 to form a starting material mixture, and (ii) reacting the starting material mixture in the presence of a catalyst under conditions capable of forming a product mixture comprising 4-hydroxybutanal and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal, wherein the catalyst is a transition metal complex comprising a transition metal ion and a diphosphine ligand with a bite angle from about 70° to about 100°, and wherein the ratio of 4-hydroxybutanal to 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanal in the product mixture is less than 1.5:1.

Abstract: Method of preparing epoxidation catalysts are disclosed, including methods comprising reacting an inorganic siliceous solid with a metal complex of the formulas: wherein the variables are defined herein.

Abstract: Processes for producing acetic acid herein generally include contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form acetic acid, the reaction medium including a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; from 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % water; and a plurality of additives, in-situ generated derivatives of the plurality of additives or combinations thereof; the plurality of additives including a first additive including one or more phosphine oxides and a second additive selected from heteropolyacids, metal salts and combinations thereof, the heteropolyacids represented by the formula HnM12XO40, wherein H is hydrogen, M is selected from tungsten and molybdenum, X is selected from phosphorous and silicon and O is oxygen and n is 3 or 4, the metal salts are selected from transition metal salts, lanthanide metal salts and combinations thereof; and recovering acetic acid from the process.