Abstract: Optical fiber having a graphene coating, a method to apply a graphene coating onto an optical fiber, and a fiber optic cable having a graphene coating are disclosed. A first carbon based coating is applied to an optical fiber along a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. A laser beam is focused at the first carbon based coating. A first surface of the first carbon based coating is photothermally converted into a first layer of graphene.

Abstract: Techniques of the present disclosure relate to downhole perforation operations using fluid containing hollow spheres. A method comprising: disposing a perforating apparatus in a volume of hollow particles in a wellbore; and detonating the perforating apparatus to collapse a portion of the hollow particles to increase flow through at least one perforation resulting from a detonation.

Abstract: A system for conducting real-time chemical analysis of deposits is provided. The system includes an electromagnetic radiation source positioned on a downhole tool that emits electromagnetic radiation to a surrounding downhole environment within a field of view of interest. The system also includes a multivariate optical element positioned on the downhole tool that has optical filters configured to receive reflected radiation from the field of view of interest and generate respective filtered radiation signals. Each of the optical filters has a different transmission function that corresponds to a respective chemical species of interest. The system also includes an image sensor positioned on the downhole tool that detects each of the respective filtered radiation signals from the multivariate optical element. The image sensor provides image information of the field of view of interest that indicates a presence of at least one chemical species of interest located in the surrounding downhole environment.

Abstract: A distributed fiber sensing system and method of use. The system may comprise an interrogator configured to receive a Brillouin backscattered light from a first sensing region and a second sensing region, a first fiber optic cable optically connected to the interrogator, a proximal circulator, and a distal circulator, and a second fiber optic cable optically connected to the interrogator, the proximal circulator, and the distal circulator. The system may further comprise a downhole fiber optically connected to the first fiber optic cable and the second fiber optic cable and wherein the first sensing region and the second sensing region are disposed on the downhole fiber. The method may comprise generating and launching a light pulse from an interrogator and through a first fiber optic cable to a downhole fiber and receiving a Brillouin backscattered light from a first sensing region and a second sensing region.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include in-line inspection devices, methods to perform in-line inspections of pipeline and protective casings, and methods to determine anomalies of pipeline and protective casings. The method includes deploying an in-line inspection device in a section of a pipeline enclosed by a protective casing. While the in-line inspection device is traveling along the pipeline, the method also includes transmitting, at a frequency, a transmitted signal toward the protective casing; and detecting a scattered signal scattered by the protective casing. The method further includes detecting a scattered signal scattered by the protective casing. The method further includes locating an anomaly of the protective casing based on the scattered signal.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method and apparatus, as well as an article, may operate to determine downhole properties based on detected optical signals. An optical detection apparatus can include an optical detector including a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) for detecting light received at an input section of fiber optic cable. The optical detection apparatus can further include a cryogenic cooler configured to maintain the temperature of a light-sensitive region of the SNSPD within a superconducting temperature range of the SNSPD. Downhole properties are measured based on detected optical signals received at the optical detection apparatus. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An acoustic receiver is provided. The acoustic receiver includes an optical vibrometer having an optical emitter and an optical receiver. The optical receiver is operable to emit an optical beam to a single point of reference on a conduit, and the optical receiver is operable to receive one or more reflections of the optical beam off of the single point of reference on the conduit, thereby detecting waves propagating through the conduit created by an acoustic transmitter. A processor is coupled with the optical emitter and the optical receiver. The processor is operable to: determine components of the waves created by the acoustic transmitter based on the one or more reflections of the optical beam; and determine a signal transmitted from the acoustic transmitter based on the components of the waves.

Abstract: The disclosed technology provides solutions for performing equipment anomaly detection. In particular, a process of the disclosed technology includes steps for receiving surface data from one or more surface sensors, receiving downhole data from one or more downhole sensors, and analyzing a combination of the surface data and the downhole data to determine if an operational anomaly is detected with respect to the surface equipment devices or the downhole equipment devices. Systems and computer-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a tool body and a structured illumination device attached to the tool body, wherein the structured illumination device includes a light source and a light filter mask to generate a light pattern. The apparatus also includes a subsurface camera system attached to the tool body, wherein the subsurface camera system comprises a plurality of cameras. The apparatus also includes a processor and a machine-readable medium having program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to acquire an image of a feature using the subsurface camera system and determine a three-dimensional position of the feature based on the image, wherein the feature is illuminated by the light pattern.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include in-line inspection devices, methods to perform in-line inspections of pipeline and protective casings, and methods to determine anomalies of pipeline and protective casings. The method includes deploying an in-line inspection device in a section of a pipeline enclosed by a protective casing. While the in-line inspection device is traveling along the pipeline, the method also includes transmitting, at a frequency, a transmitted signal toward the protective casing; and detecting a scattered signal scattered by the protective casing. The method further includes detecting a scattered signal scattered by the protective casing. The method further includes locating an anomaly of the protective casing based on the scattered signal.

Abstract: Included are cement compositions and methods and systems for locating the cement compositions in a wellbore. An example method comprises deploying a sensing system in the wellbore and introducing the cement composition into the wellbore. The cement composition comprises a cement and hollow beads having a crush pressure and configured to emit an acoustic signal when imploded. The method further comprises pumping the cement composition through the wellbore to a depth with a wellbore pressure exceeding the crush pressure of the hollow beads to induce implosion of the hollow beads and the emission of the acoustic signal. The method further comprises sensing the emitted acoustic signal and determining the location of the cement composition in the wellbore from the sensed emitted acoustic signal.

Abstract: The disclosed technology provides solutions for performing equipment anomaly detection. In particular, a process of the disclosed technology includes steps for receiving surface data from one or more surface sensors, receiving downhole data from one or more downhole sensors, and analyzing a combination of the surface data and the downhole data to determine if an operational anomaly is detected with respect to the surface equipment devices or the downhole equipment devices. Systems and computer-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: An acoustic receiver is provided. The acoustic receiver includes an optical vibrometer having an optical emitter and an optical receiver. The optical receiver is operable to emit an optical beam to a single point of reference on a conduit, and the optical receiver is operable to receive one or more reflections of the optical beam off of the single point of reference on the conduit, thereby detecting waves propagating through the conduit created by an acoustic transmitter. A processor is coupled with the optical emitter and the optical receiver. The processor is operable to: determine components of the waves created by the acoustic transmitter based on the one or more reflections of the optical beam; and determine a signal transmitted from the acoustic transmitter based on the components of the waves.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method and apparatus, as well as an article, may operate to determine properties based on detected optical signals. An optical detection apparatus can include an optical detector for detecting light received through a fiber optic cable; a housing for enclosing the optical detector; a light source; and a cooling mechanism having the housing mounted thereto. The cooling mechanism can maintain the temperature of a light-sensitive region of the optical detector within a temperature range below 210 degrees Kelvin. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure describes the construction and use of an instrument test fixture for capturing performance data for stimulation or fracturing treatments. The test fixture includes a target material, such as concrete, which includes embedded sensors surrounding a casing. An energetic stimulation treatment, such as a dynamic pulse fracturing technique, is applied through the casing to the target material to simulate a treatment that would be performed in a wellbore. During application of the treatment, the sensors capture measurements which are recorded for analysis by a data collection system. The sensors allow for the measurement of key performance indicators including static and dynamic pressure, generated temperature, and resulting strain energy. The captured data can be analyzed and used to design and optimize stimulation treatments for field applications.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a dart, a pressure sensor, and a controller communicatively coupled with the sensor. The dart is disposed in a fluidic channel. The dart has a main body and a flange extending from the main body and has a diameter greater than or equal to a diameter of the fluidic channel. When the dart translates within the fluidic channel and passes a location of a variation in the fluidic channel, the flange creates a pressure pulse. The pressure sensor measures the pressure pulse within the fluidic channel created by the dart. The controller determines the location of the variation based on the measured pressure pulse.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides composite structures and methods of use for delivering explosive proppant particles to a subterranean formation. The composite structure may comprise one or more packagings disposed about a plurality of explosive proppant particles. The explosive proppant may be become exposed and triggered to create micro-seismic events, which may be used to determine the subterranean formation geometry or other properties in the formation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems that use magnetic complexes in wellbore monitoring. A well monitoring system may comprise magnetic complexes disposed in a subterranean formation, wherein the magnetic complexes each comprise a first magnetic portion, a second magnetic portion, and a spacer portion; and an electromagnetic interrogator, wherein the electromagnetic interrogator comprises an electromagnetic source and an electromagnetic detector.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure generally relate to real time characterization of material recovered from a subterranean formation, based on magnetic properties. A system comprises an enclosure comprising electromagnetic shielding; an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) disposed within the enclosure; and a sample conduit extending into the enclosure, the sample conduit configured to receive a subterranean material recovered from a wellbore, the OPM configured to detect a magnetic response of the subterranean material.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a tool body and a structured illumination device attached to the tool body, wherein the structured illumination device includes a light source and a light filter mask to generate a light pattern. The apparatus also includes a subsurface camera system attached to the tool body, wherein the subsurface camera system comprises a plurality of cameras. The apparatus also includes a processor and a machine-readable medium having program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to acquire an image of a feature using the subsurface camera system and determine a three-dimensional position of the feature based on the image, wherein the feature is illuminated by the light pattern.