Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include an optical fiber having a graphene coating, a method to apply a graphene coating onto an optical fiber, and a fiber optic cable having a graphene coating. In one embodiment, the optical fiber includes an optical core that extends along a longitudinal axis. The optical fiber also includes a carbon based coating that covers the optical core along the longitudinal axis. The optical fiber also includes a layer of graphene formed on a first surface of the carbon based coating. The layer of graphene is formed from a laser induction process that includes focusing a laser beam at the carbon based coating to photothermally convert the first surface of the carbon based coating into graphene.

Abstract: A downhole tool apparatus is disclosed that includes an input fiber optic cable coupled to an electro-optic modulator. The input fiber optic cable propagates first and second actively orthogonally polarized light beams. The electro-optic modulator modulates the first and second actively orthogonally polarized light beams in response to a measurement data stream (e.g., telemetry data). A single light beam comprising the modulated first and second actively orthogonally polarized light beams is propagated over an output fiber optic cable so that the modulated first and the second actively orthogonally polarized light beams propagate the same data through the output fiber optic cable. Recovery circuitry coupled to the single light beam is then used to detect, demodulate, and decode the original measurement data stream.

Abstract: A system, in some embodiments, comprises: a light source; a fiber optic cable coupled to surface equipment and to downhole equipment and illuminated with fixed-wavelength light by said light source; and a modulator to modulate said fixed-wavelength light in the fiber optic cable to communicate data between the surface equipment and the downhole equipment, wherein the modulator uses a modified half-duplex telemetry scheme.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting information in well operations. The method for transmitting information may comprise splitting a coherent light into a plurality of wavelengths with a demultiplexer within a fiber comb transmitter and encoding information onto at least one of the plurality of wavelengths within the fiber comb transmitted. The method may further comprise combining the plurality of wavelengths into a second coherent light with a wavelength division multiplexer within the fiber comb transmitter and broadcasting the second coherent light from the frequency comb transmitter. A downhole telemetry system may comprise a frequency comb transmitter, which may comprise a laser source and a modulator. The modulator may further comprise a demultiplexer, an encoder, and a wavelength division multiplexer. The frequency comb transmitter may also comprise a fiber optic cable and a frequency comb receiver.

Abstract: Systems and methods generally useful in medicine, cellular biology, nanotechnology, and cell culturing are discussed. In particular, at least in some embodiments, systems and methods for magnetic guidance and patterning of cells and materials are discussed. Some specific applications of these systems and methods may include levitated culturing of cells away from a surface, making and manipulating patterns of levitated cells, and patterning culturing of cells on a surface. Specifically, a method of culturing cells is presented. The method may comprise providing a plurality of cells, providing a magnetic field, and levitating at least some of the plurality of cells in the magnetic field, wherein the plurality of cells comprise magnetic nanoparticles. The method may also comprise maintaining the levitation for a time sufficient to permit cell growth to form an assembly.

Abstract: A downhole tool apparatus is disclosed that includes an input fiber optic cable coupled to an electro-optic modulator. The input fiber optic cable propagates first and second actively orthogonally polarized light beams. The electro-optic modulator modulates the first and second actively orthogonally polarized light beams in response to a measurement data stream (e.g., telemetry data). A single light beam comprising the modulated first and second actively orthogonally polarized light beams is propagated over an output fiber optic cable so that the modulated first and the second actively orthogonally polarized light beams propagate the same data through the output fiber optic cable. Recovery circuitry coupled to the single light beam is then used to detect, demodulate, and decode the original measurement data stream.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a method and fiber optic cable to provide optical pulses for sensing, and an optical telemetry system. In one embodiment, the method includes sequentially transmitting a plurality of optical pulses through a first end of a first optical fiber disposed in a first section of a wellbore. The plurality of optical pulses is combined into a combined optical pulse at a distance from the first end of the first optical fiber. The method further includes transmitting the combined optical pulse through a second optical fiber disposed in a second section of the wellbore, and the second optical fiber includes a second dispersion value, where an absolute value of the first dispersion value is greater than an absolute value of the second dispersion value.

Abstract: A downhole telemetry system comprises an optical fiber, a downhole signal generator, a downhole amplifier, and a first downhole laser. The downhole signal generator can be in optical communication with the optical fiber to generate a signal to be transmitted along the optical fiber. The downhole amplifier can be in optical communication with the optical fiber to receive the signal from the downhole signal generator. The first downhole laser can be in optical communication with the downhole amplifier to generate a first laser light output to power the downhole amplifier. Additional apparatus, methods, and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a method and fiber optic cable to provide optical pulses for sensing, and an optical telemetry system. In one embodiment, the method includes sequentially transmitting a plurality of optical pulses through a first end of a first optical fiber disposed in a first section of a wellbore. The plurality of optical pulses is combined into a combined optical pulse at a distance from the first end of the first optical fiber. The method further includes transmitting the combined optical pulse through a second optical fiber disposed in a second section of the wellbore, and the second optical fiber includes a second dispersion value, where an absolute value of the first dispersion value is greater than an absolute value of the second dispersion value.

Abstract: A system for downhole fiber optic quadrature modulation. A system located at the surface generates a coherent laser light at a surface location, splits the coherent laser light at the surface location, and outputs the part of the signal to a modulation unit located at a downhole location. The modulation unit performs an optical phase modulation and an optical amplitude modulation on the downhole signal using downhole data before sending the signal back. The system receives, at the surface location, a phase and amplitude modulated downhole signal based on the downhole data from the modulation unit, mixes the phase and amplitude modulated downhole signal to the surface signal, and demodulates the resulting difference signal to extract the downhole data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for analyzing fluids. The method for analyzing a chemical sample within a wellbore, contained within an interrogation device, may comprise broadcasting a coherent light from a frequency comb module, directing the coherent light through a fiber optic line to the interrogation device, irradiating the chemical sample with the coherent light, capturing light resulting from the irradiation of the chemical sample, and producing a spectrum resulting from the captured light from the chemical sample. A frequency comb system for analyzing a chemical sample may comprise a frequency comb module configured to broadcast a coherent light and a fiber optic line that extends into a wellbore to an interrogation device. The interrogation device may further be configured to contain the chemical sample for irradiation by the coherent light. The frequency comb system may further comprise a receiver and an information handling system.

Abstract: Systems and methods generally useful in medicine, cellular biology, nanotechnology, and cell culturing are discussed. In particular, at least in some embodiments, systems and methods for magnetic guidance and patterning of cells and materials are discussed. Some specific applications of these systems and methods may include levitated culturing of cells away from a surface, making and manipulating patterns of levitated cells, and patterning culturing of cells on a surface. Specifically, a method of culturing cells is presented. The method may comprise providing a plurality of cells, providing a magnetic field, and levitating at least some of the plurality of cells in the magnetic field, wherein the plurality of cells comprise magnetic nanoparticles. The method may also comprise maintaining the levitation for a time sufficient to permit cell growth to form an assembly.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the use of partially reflective materials and coatings for optical communications in a wellbore environment are provided. In one embodiment, methods for remote communication in a wellbore comprise: positioning an optical fiber in the wellbore, wherein at least a portion of the optical fiber comprises a partially reflective coating; transmitting an output optical signal from an optical source through the optical fiber; and receiving a reflected optical signal from the optical fiber at an optical detector, wherein at least one optical property of the reflected optical signal is indicative of a downhole condition.

Abstract: A system for downhole fiber optic quadrature modulation. A system located at the surface generates a coherent laser light at a surface location, splits the coherent laser light at the surface location, and outputs the part of the signal to a modulation unit located at a downhole location. The modulation unit performs an optical phase modulation and an optical amplitude modulation on the downhole signal using downhole data before sending the signal back. The system receives, at the surface location, a phase and amplitude modulated downhole signal based on the downhole data from the modulation unit, mixes the phase and amplitude modulated downhole signal to the surface signal, and demodulates the resulting difference signal to extract the downhole data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for providing adaptive feedback in downhole telemetry in a wellbore. A feedback system includes a source assembly, which can be located on the surface or downhole, and a receiving assembly, which can likewise be located on the surface or downhole. The source assembly includes a source device that transmits a light signal having a first phase, and an encoder coupled to the source device. The receiving assembly comprising an oscillator that transmits an oscillator having a second phase, a coupler that couples the light signal with the oscillator signal, a detector and difference amplifier that detect and determine the difference between the first phase and second phase and a processor that receives the difference between the phases and provides the difference to an encoder so that the encoder can adjust the oscillator phase.

Abstract: A radiation sensor is provided. The sensor includes a rugged scintillator, a photo-sensor, a bundle of one or more optical fibers having a first end connected to the rugged scintillator and a second end connected to the photo sensor, a power supply coupled with the photo-sensor, and a processor electronically coupled with the photo-sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods generally useful in medicine, cellular biology, nanotechnology, and cell culturing are discussed. In particular, at least in some embodiments, systems and methods for magnetic guidance and patterning of cells and materials are discussed. Some specific applications of these systems and methods may include levitated culturing of cells away from a surface, making and manipulating patterns of levitated cells, and patterning culturing of cells on a surface. Specifically, a method of culturing cells is presented. The method may comprise providing a plurality of cells, providing a magnetic field, and levitating at least some of the plurality of cells in the magnetic field, wherein the plurality of cells comprise magnetic nanoparticles. The method may also comprise maintaining the levitation for a time sufficient to permit cell growth to form an assembly.

Abstract: Systems and methods generally useful in medicine, cellular biology, nanotechnology, and cell culturing are discussed. In particular, at least in some embodiments, systems and methods for magnetic guidance and patterning of cells and materials are discussed. Some specific applications of these systems and methods may include levitated culturing of cells away from a surface, making and manipulating patterns of levitated cells, and patterning culturing of cells on a surface. Specifically, a method of culturing cells is presented. The method may comprise providing a plurality of cells, providing a magnetic field, and levitating at least some of the plurality of cells in the magnetic field, wherein the plurality of cells comprise magnetic nanoparticles. The method may also comprise maintaining the levitation for a time sufficient to permit cell growth to form an assembly.

Abstract: Systems and methods generally useful in medicine, cellular biology, nanotechnology, and cell culturing are discussed. In particular, at least in some embodiments, systems and methods for magnetic guidance and patterning of cells and materials are discussed. Some specific applications of these systems and methods may include levitated culturing of cells away from a surface, making and manipulating patterns of levitated cells, and patterning culturing of cells on a surface. Specifically, a method of culturing cells is presented. The method may comprise providing a plurality of cells, providing a magnetic field, and levitating at least some of the plurality of cells in the magnetic field, wherein the plurality of cells comprise magnetic nanoparticles. The method may also comprise maintaining the levitation for a time sufficient to permit cell growth to form an assembly.