Abstract: User equipment may configure a transmitter or receiver to conform to regulations or standards of a geographical region to communicate with non-terrestrial networks (e.g., satellite networks). In one embodiment, the user equipment may receive an indication of a regulation or standard to which to conform to from a terrestrial communication node, and apply an emission mask to the transmitter based on the regulation or standard. The user equipment may additionally or alternatively configure the receiver to be compliant with a noise level tolerance of a received signal specified by the regulation or standard. In some embodiments, the user equipment may implement a frequency offset between the received signal and an interfering signal associated with the noise level tolerance that is scaled based at least on a channel bandwidth associated with the desired signal. Moreover, the user equipment may scale the noise level tolerance based on the frequency offset.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to allocating a satellite band (e.g., a satellite channel) with a New Radio (NR) channel and at least one Long-Term Evolution (LTE) channel to enable a user equipment to communicate using a satellite network. The satellite band may be configured to include the NR channel positioned (e.g., placed) such that the NR channel is shifted away from an edge of the satellite band (e.g., not disposed or located at the edge of the satellite band) and/or in the middle (e.g., center) of the satellite band with respect to frequency. Additionally, the satellite band may be configured to include the at least one LTE channel positioned at one or both of outer edges of the satellite band (rather than the middle). Further, the NR channel may be placed within a carrier center frequency range to reduce allowed additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) values.

Abstract: User equipment may configure a transmitter or receiver to conform to regulations or standards of a geographical region to communicate with non-terrestrial networks (e.g., satellite networks). In one embodiment, the user equipment may receive an indication of a regulation or standard to which to conform to from a terrestrial communication node, and apply an emission mask to the transmitter based on the regulation or standard. The user equipment may additionally or alternatively configure the receiver to be compliant with a noise level tolerance of a received signal specified by the regulation or standard. In some embodiments, the user equipment may implement a frequency offset between the received signal and an interfering signal associated with the noise level tolerance that is scaled based at least on a channel bandwidth associated with the desired signal. Moreover, the user equipment may scale the noise level tolerance based on the frequency offset.

Abstract: An intermediate transition for connecting a crash cushion to a rigid structure includes a housing and an energy absorbing module. The housing defines an inner space and includes a top wall, a front wall, a rear wall, and a side wall. The front wall is operatively associated with the top wall and is operable to connect to the crash cushion. The rear wall is operatively associated with the top wall and is operable to connect to the rigid structure. The side wall is operatively associated with the top wall and includes a weakened portion. The energy absorbing module is located in the inner space of the housing.

Abstract: User equipment may configure a transmitter or receiver to conform to regulations or standards of a geographical region to communicate with non-terrestrial networks (e.g., satellite networks). In one embodiment, the user equipment may receive an indication of a regulation or standard to which to conform to from a terrestrial communication node, and apply an emission mask to the transmitter based on the regulation or standard. The user equipment may additionally or alternatively configure the receiver to be compliant with a noise level tolerance of a received signal specified by the regulation or standard. In some embodiments, the user equipment may implement a frequency offset between the received signal and an interfering signal associated with the noise level tolerance that is scaled based at least on a channel bandwidth associated with the desired signal. Moreover, the user equipment may scale the noise level tolerance based on the frequency offset.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to techniques for measuring and/or detecting a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of a received signal at a user equipment (UE). The received signal may include a desired signal, co-channel interference, adjacent channel interference, and an in-band blocker. The UE may filter (e.g., remove) the various interferences and in-band blocker. The UE may determine or measure a power (or Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)) of the desired signal and a power (or RSSI) of the co-channel interference separately because the desired signal and the co-channel interference overlap in frequency. To do so, the UE may determine a total power of the received signal including the desired signal and co-channel interference. The UE may receive the desired signal again while an uplink transmission is deactivated (and thus without the interference). The UE may then calculate the SIR based on the total power and the power of the desired signal.

Abstract: User equipment may configure a transmitter or receiver to conform to regulations or standards of a geographical region to communicate with non-terrestrial networks (e.g., satellite networks). In one embodiment, the user equipment may receive an indication of a regulation or standard to which to conform to from a terrestrial communication node, and apply an emission mask to the transmitter based on the regulation or standard. The user equipment may additionally or alternatively configure the receiver to be compliant with a noise level tolerance of a received signal specified by the regulation or standard. In some embodiments, the user equipment may implement a frequency offset between the received signal and an interfering signal associated with the noise level tolerance that is scaled based at least on a channel bandwidth associated with the desired signal. Moreover, the user equipment may scale the noise level tolerance based on the frequency offset.

Abstract: User equipment may include a transmitter coupled to an antenna to enable the user equipment to transmit data with a communication node and/or a non-terrestrial network. The user equipment may transmit using high power over a period of time such that the transmission power of the user equipment is below an emission threshold. For example, the user equipment may adjust a buffer status report to reduce uplink allocation frequency. In another example, the user equipment may determine a duty cycle and transmit the data using high power based on the duty cycle. In another example, the user equipment may determine a priority of uplink symbols and transmit certain uplink symbols using high power. In this way, the user equipment may transmit using high power and may improve transmission range to the non-terrestrial network and/or a likelihood that transmissions may be received by the network while remaining within the emission threshold.

Abstract: A crash cushion apparatus broadly comprising a rail assembly, a number of dividers and a number of side panels forming a number of collapsible bays, and a number of crushable tubes. The rail assembly includes a number of anchor plates and a rail. The dividers are longitudinally spaced apart from each other and slidably entrained on the rail. The side panels link the dividers together. The crushable tubes are oriented longitudinally in spaces formed by the collapsible bays and extend between sequentially adjacent ones of the dividers. The dividers entrain the crushable tubes in the longitudinal orientation without the crushable tubes being fixed to the dividers. The dividers are configured to be driven rearward along the rail and crush the crushable tubes to sequentially collapse the collapsible bays.

Abstract: A crash cushion apparatus broadly comprising a rail assembly, a number of dividers and a number of side panels forming a number of collapsible bays, and a number of crushable tubes. The rail assembly includes a number of anchor plates and a rail. The dividers are longitudinally spaced apart from each other and slidably entrained on the rail. The side panels link the dividers together. The crushable tubes are oriented longitudinally in spaces formed by the collapsible bays and extend between sequentially adjacent ones of the dividers. The dividers entrain the crushable tubes in the longitudinal orientation without the crushable tubes being fixed to the dividers. The dividers are configured to be driven rearward along the rail and crush the crushable tubes to collapse the collapsible bays.

Abstract: An electronic device may communicate with a wireless base station using a 5G New Radio communications protocol. The base station may balance control timing and receiver performance for the devices in its cell by scheduling communications based on the communications capabilities of each device. This may ensure that the base station is able to provide communications with satisfactory control timing and receiver performance even if multiple different types of device are within its cell. In addition, the device may perform open loop transmit power control operations and then closed loop power control operations. To minimize complexity of the device, the device may only transmit at a maximum output power level during the open loop operations. If desired, the device may only transmit at the maximum output power level when the device is unable to decode a downlink reference signal transmitted by the base station within a predetermined number of symbols.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to techniques for measuring and/or detecting a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of a received signal at a user equipment (UE). The received signal may include a desired signal, co-channel interference, adjacent channel interference, and an in-band blocker. The UE may filter (e.g., remove) the various interferences and in-band blocker. The UE may determine or measure a power (or Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)) of the desired signal and a power (or RSSI) of the co-channel interference separately because the desired signal and the co-channel interference overlap in frequency. To do so, the UE may determine a total power of the received signal including the desired signal and co-channel interference. The UE may receive the desired signal again while an uplink transmission is deactivated (and thus without the interference). The UE may then calculate the SIR based on the total power and the power of the desired signal.

Abstract: User equipment to transmit signals (e.g., concurrently) using multiple SIMs. If the user equipment determines to perform transmission power back-off due to operating using the multiple SIMs (MuSIM operation), the user equipment sends an indication to each network corresponding to each SIM that it is performing the power back-off. If a network supports MuSIM operation, then the user equipment sends an indication that it is performing the power back-off due to MuSIM operation (e.g., an MuSIM Maximum Power Reduction (M-MPR) indication). For such a network, it is assumed that the M-MPR indication would be standardized under an applicable specification. If a network does not support MuSIM operation (e.g., a legacy network), then the user equipment leverages a legacy power back-off indication (e.g., a Power Management Maximum Power Reduction (P-MPR) indication) to indicate to the network that it is performing a power back-off.

Abstract: A base station may send an indication of frequency subranges supported by the base station to user equipment, which may respond with an indication of the frequency subranges that are also supported by the user equipment. Additionally, a Spectrum Access System (SAS) controller, using environmental sensing capability sensors, may determine whether non-federal networks are disposed in a coverage area of a base station and neighboring coverage areas. If so, then the SAS may indicate to the base station to send an indication to user equipment in the coverage area to operate using a default power mode. Otherwise, the SAS may indicate to the base station to send an indication to the user equipment to operate using a lower power mode. Moreover, a base station may indicate a regulatory requirement to user equipment using network signaling value of multiple network signaling values corresponding to multiple regulatory requirements of multiple geographical regions.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to techniques for measuring and/or detecting a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of a received signal at a user equipment (UE). The received signal may include a desired signal, co-channel interference, adjacent channel interference, and an in-band blocker. The UE may filter (e.g., remove) the various interferences and in-band blocker. The UE may determine or measure a power (or Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)) of the desired signal and a power (or RSSI) of the co-channel interference separately because the desired signal and the co-channel interference overlap in frequency. To do so, the UE may determine a total power of the received signal including the desired signal and co-channel interference. The UE may receive the desired signal again while an uplink transmission is deactivated (and thus without the interference). The UE may then calculate the SIR based on the total power and the power of the desired signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for indicating to a spectrum access system communication preferences of a base station and/or of a network operator. Different methods may be used to indicate the communication preferences, including a dedicated type parameter transmitted with spectrum allocation requests from the base station, a rule-based system where the spectrum access system accesses communication preferences of the base station and/or network operator through an identifier corresponding to a rule definition, or the like. The spectrum access system may assign a channel to the network operator based on its communication preferences, such as to determine a channel assignment to correspond to a channel aligned with a raster of communications to be used by the network operator. If the channel is not aligned, then the base station may shift a center frequency of the channel so that the channel aligns with the raster of communications.

Abstract: Embodiments herein enable user equipment to indicate that it may operate in a transmission diversity mode, but may fall back to a single transmission mode for a lower power class. In particular, if the user equipment will not fall back to a single transmission mode for a lower power class, then the base station configures uplink resources for the user equipment based on the user equipment operating in the transmission diversity mode. Otherwise, the user equipment sends an indication to the base station that it will use the single transmission mode for the lower power class. The base station then configures uplink resources for the user equipment based on the user equipment operating in the transmission diversity mode for the higher power class, and configures the uplink resources for the user equipment based on the user equipment operating in the single transmission mode for the lower power class.

Abstract: A base station sends system information to user equipment based on the user equipment detecting network coverage provided by the base station. The system information may include one or more network signaling flags indicative of a legacy regulation and an updated regulation (or a legacy version of a regulation and an updated version of the regulation) for operating on a frequency band. The user equipment transmits an indication to the base station as to whether it supports the legacy regulation and/or the updated regulation. The base station configures uplink and/or downlink resources on the frequency band for the user equipment based on the regulation indicated. The user equipment and the base station then communicate using the configured resources on the frequency band.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide various apparatuses and techniques that indicate multiple power classes that user equipment may support to a network. The user equipment may support at least a lower power class (e.g., having a lower maximum transmission power) and a higher power class (e.g., having a higher maximum transmission power) to the network. The user equipment may send indications to the network that it supports both the lower power class and the higher power class. If the network/user equipment are in a geographical region associated with regulations limiting transmission power to the lower maximum transmission power, then the network may configure a transmission power characteristic based on the lower power class. If the network/user equipment are in a geographical region associated with regulations limiting transmission power to the higher maximum transmission power, then the network may configure the transmission power characteristic based on the higher power class.

Abstract: A communication system may include user equipment (UE) communicatively coupled to one or more base stations. The UE and/or the one or more base stations may receive an indication of self-interference at the UE. This indication may be based on a receiver of the UE (e.g., a receive signal quality, a receive signal power, and so on), a transmitter of the UE (e.g., a transmission power), an estimate of self-interference, and so on. If there is sufficient self-interference (e.g., if the self-interference exceeds a threshold), then the one or more base stations may configure the UE for non-simultaneous receive/transmit operation to avoid transmission interfering with reception. If there is a lack of self-interference (e.g., if the self-interference does not exceed the threshold), then the one or more base stations may configure the UE for simultaneous receive/transmit operation, as transmission is unlikely to interfere with reception.