Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced channel access. A device may send a Multi-User Request to Send (MU-RTS) frame on a basic service set (BSS) primary channel to an overlapping basic service set (OBSS). The device may receive a Clear to Send (CTS) frame in response to the MU-RTS frame on the BSS primary channel. The device may initiate a switch to a non-primary channel access (NPCA) primary channel upon detection of a physical (PHY) preamble. The device may maintain NPCA operation on the NPCA primary channel until a network allocation vector (NAV) expires. The device may announce a location and bandwidth of the NPCA primary channel to associated stations (STAs).

Abstract: An ultra-high reliability station (UHR STA) requests that medium access control (MAC) header protection padding be included in an MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU). A protected control frame may be received from the UHR AP comprising an MPDU that includes a MAC header protection padding field. The MAC header protection padding field may comprise padding to allow for additional time for the processing circuitry to compute the MIC before sending the ACK. For multi-link operations (MLOs) when MAC header protection padding is used, each link may be configured with an independent replay counter and a different key is used for the protected control frame and a protected MAC header in each link. The independent replay counter in each link is reset to zero when the key is derived or rekeyed and set to a packet or sequence number (PN or SN) of the protected control frame or protected MAC header when the MIC is verified.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to using padding bits for protecting trigger frames, block acknowledgement request frames, and block acknowledgement frames in Wi-Fi. A device may generate padding bits of a trigger frame, a block acknowledgment request frame, or a block acknowledgement frame; generate one or more fields signaling that the padding bits are present in the trigger frame, the block acknowledgement request frame, or the block acknowledgement frame; and cause to send the trigger frame, the block acknowledgement request frame, or the block acknowledgement frame to one or more STAs, the trigger frame, the block acknowledgement request frame, or the block acknowledgement frame including the one or more fields and the padding bits.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to high throughput (HT) control information. A device may determine a frame comprising HT control information. The device may determine to extend a size of the HT control information. The device may cause to generate a management or data frame for sending to a first station device of one or more station devices, the management or data frame comprising extended high throughput (HT) control information, define a new control identification (ID) associated with the extended HT control information, and cause to send the management or data frame to the first station device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for wireless communication is described in which post-Forward Error Correction (FEC) padding in a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) is replaced with non post-FEC data. The data signals include repeating codebits or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols of the last codeword. In addition, the coding rate, modulation order, orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol duration, and/or transmission bandwidth is able to be reduced, less power is allocated to padding subcarriers, a pre-FEC padding factor is increased, and/or control information piggybacked in the padding. The replacement may be limited to short PPDUs or those exceeding a threshold length. An increase in packet extension duration allows additional processing time.

Abstract: For example, a STA may determine a pre-FEC padding factor value for a PPDU, the pre-FEC padding factor value in a range between 1 and 2Na, wherein Na is an integer greater than 2; set Na bits in a Signal (SIG) field of the PPDU to indicate the pre-FEC padding factor value; and encode a data field of the PPDU according to a FEC coding based on the pre-FEC padding factor value. For example, a STA may encode a data field of a PPDU according to a FEC coding based on a pre-FEC padding factor value and based on a condition that no post-FEC padding is to be applied for the PPDU; and set an LDPC extra symbol subfield in a SIG field of the PPDU to indicate whether or not an LDPC extra symbol is present based on encoding of the data field of the PPDU.

Abstract: For example, a wireless communication station (STA) may be configured to determine a selected setting of one or more rate-dependent parameters for transmission of a Physical layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) based on a minimal Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) size requirement such that, for at least one MPDU of the PPDU, a first count of MAC padding bits to pad the MPDU according to the selected setting of the one or more rate-dependent parameters is less than a second count of MAC padding bits to pad the MPDU according to a channel-based setting of the one or more rate-dependent parameters, wherein, the channel-based setting of the one or more rate-dependent parameters is based on a condition of a wireless communication channel for transmission of the PPDU; and to transmit the PPDU according to a transmission data rate based on the selected setting.

Abstract: In various examples, systems and methods are disclosed relating to using machine learning models to generate small molecules with desired structural or physicochemical properties with high sampling efficiency. In some implementations, one or more processors receive a data structure representing a first small molecule and encode the data structure into a latent distribution of a fixed size using a machine learning model, thereby determining an encoded representation of the data structure. To generate new molecules with similar properties to the first small molecule, the processors apply noise to the encoded representation to determine a modified encoded representation. The modified encoded representation is decoded to determine a modified data structure representing a second small molecule different from the first small molecule.

Abstract: For example, a non Access Point (AP) (non-AP) Multi-Link Device (MLD) may be configured to assign a first priority to a first link of a multi-link operation mode and a second priority to a second link of the multi-link operation mode. For example, the first priority assigned to the first link of the multi-link operation mode may be higher than the second priority assigned to the second link of the multi-link operation mode. For example, the non-AP MLD may be configured to limit a transmission from the non-AP MLD over the second link based, for example, on a busy state of a wireless communication medium of the first link.

Abstract: For example, a wireless communication station (STA) may be configured to determine a usage-based channel Bandwidth (BW) setting, for example, based on a link-usage parameter corresponding to a usage of a wireless communication link for communication of traffic between the STA and an Access Point (AP). For example, the STA may be configured to transmit a channel BW reduction request to the AP, for example, based on a determination that the usage-based channel BW setting is less than an operating channel BW setting for the STA. For example, the channel BW reduction request may be configured to request the AP to reduce the operating channel BW setting for the STA based on the usage-based channel BW setting.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to secure MAC header. A device may generate a frame comprising a secure medium access control (MAC) header. The device may cause to send the frame to one or more STAs. In particular, the device may include processing circuitry coupled to storage, where the processing circuitry is configured to generate a frame comprising a MAC header that includes one or more unencrypted fields and one or more encrypted fields. The frame may be one of a management frame or a data frame and the one or more unencrypted fields may include an address 3 (A3) field. The processing circuitry may also be configured to instruct to send the frame to one or more stations (STAs).

Abstract: The application relates to a method and apparatus used in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The apparatus includes: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and processor circuitry coupled with the RF interface and configured to: determine Buffered Unit (BU) information, which indicates presence or absence of BUs for a set of non-Access Point (AP) Multi-link Devices (MLDs) on an AP MLD; encapsulate the BU information for the set of non-AP MLDs in a Multilink (ML) Traffic Indication Map (TIM) information element; and provide the ML TIM information element to the RF interface for broadcasting, wherein the ML TIM information element comprises a series of TIM segments and each TIM segment contains the BU information, which indicates the presence or absence of BUs for a subset of non-AP MLDs on a corresponding AP within the AP MLD.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced wireless frame security. A device may utilize a Galois Message Authentication Code with a 256-bit key (GMAC-256) as an integrity protocol for block acknowledgment (BA) and block acknowledgment request (BAR). The device may generate a packet number (PN) and Message Integrity Code (MIC) using GMAC-256 for integrity design in the BA and BAR. The device may include a key identification (ID) indication in a BA control or BAR control field for the BA and BAR.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to security for multi-link operations. A multi-link device (MLD) may establish a first communication link between a first device of the MLD and a first device of a second MLD, and a second communication link between a second device of the MLD and a second device of the second MLD. The MLD may generate a group-addressed message. The MLD may protect the group-addressed message using a first key or a first integrity key. The MLD may protect the group-addressed message using a second key or a second integrity key. The MLD may send, using the first communication link, the group-addressed message protected using the first key or the first integrity key, and may send, using the second communication link, the group-addressed message protected using the second key or the second integrity key.

Abstract: A method and device for providing payload length indication in IEEE 802.11 wireless communications are disclosed. The last OFDM symbol of a transmission is divided into multiple symbol segments and a number of medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) symbol segments are then allocated. The allocated number of MAC symbol segments is indicated using a field in the SIGNAL field or MAC frame body. Mapping between MAC and PHY symbol segments is provided as is additional puncturing for OFDM symbol usage.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to block acknowledgment (ACK) overhead reduction. A device may receive a soliciting physical layer convergence protocol data unit (PPDU). The device may encode a multiple station device (Multi-STA) block acknowledgment (BA) as a response to the soliciting PPDU. The device may transmit the Multi-STA BA in response to the PPDU. The device may manage multiple Per Association Identification (AID) Traffic Identifier (TID) Information (Per AID TID Info) entries with the same AID and TID in the same Multi-STA BA. The device may set the Per AID TID Info entries with the same AID and TID to be consecutive.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced frame exchange. A device may generate a first subset of a plurality of fields, wherein the first subset is mandatory in a probe request frame. The device may generate a second subset of the plurality of fields, wherein the second subset is optional in the probe request frame regardless of capability information of the device. The device may generate the probe request frame comprising the first subset and the second subset. The device may cause to send the probe request frame to an access point (AP) device.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to high throughput (HT) control information. A device may determine a frame comprising HT control information. The device may determine to extend a size of the HT control information. The device may cause to generate a management or data frame for sending to a first station device of one or more station devices, the management or data frame comprising extended high throughput (HT) control information, define a new control identification (ID) associated with the extended HT control information, and cause to send the management or data frame to the first station device.

Abstract: An apparatus of a station (STA) includes memory and processing circuitry coupled to the memory. The processing circuitry is configured to encode a capabilities element for transmission to an access point (AP). The capabilities element including a media access control (MAC) capabilities information field indicating a trigger frame MAC padding duration. The processing circuitry decodes an extremely high throughput (EHT) protocol data unit (PPDU) received in response to the capabilities element. The EHT PPDU includes an EHT trigger frame (EHT-TF) in a data portion of the EHT PPDU, a packet extension (PE) field, and a dummy orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol extending the PE field. The processing circuitry performs physical layer (PHY) and MAC processing of the EHT PPDU based on a duration of the dummy OFDM symbol.

Abstract: A method of wireless communication comprising decoding in a physical layer circuitry a received wireless signal; outputting a corresponding wireless signal data as one or more data packets, the wireless signal data representing the received wireless signal; determining one or more packet header parameters of the one or more data packets; and if any of the one or more packet header parameters equal any of one or more predetermined values, instruct a medium access control layer circuitry to switch from an inactive mode to an active mode.