Abstract: An ultra-high reliability station (UHR STA) requests that medium access control (MAC) header protection padding be included in an MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU). A protected control frame may be received from the UHR AP comprising an MPDU that includes a MAC header protection padding field. The MAC header protection padding field may comprise padding to allow for additional time for the processing circuitry to compute the MIC before sending the ACK. For multi-link operations (MLOs) when MAC header protection padding is used, each link may be configured with an independent replay counter and a different key is used for the protected control frame and a protected MAC header in each link. The independent replay counter in each link is reset to zero when the key is derived or rekeyed and set to a packet or sequence number (PN or SN) of the protected control frame or protected MAC header when the MIC is verified.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to high throughput (HT) control information. A device may determine a frame comprising HT control information. The device may determine to extend a size of the HT control information. The device may cause to generate a management or data frame for sending to a first station device of one or more station devices, the management or data frame comprising extended high throughput (HT) control information, define a new control identification (ID) associated with the extended HT control information, and cause to send the management or data frame to the first station device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for wireless communication is described in which post-Forward Error Correction (FEC) padding in a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) is replaced with non post-FEC data. The data signals include repeating codebits or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols of the last codeword. In addition, the coding rate, modulation order, orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol duration, and/or transmission bandwidth is able to be reduced, less power is allocated to padding subcarriers, a pre-FEC padding factor is increased, and/or control information piggybacked in the padding. The replacement may be limited to short PPDUs or those exceeding a threshold length. An increase in packet extension duration allows additional processing time.

Abstract: For example, a STA may determine a pre-FEC padding factor value for a PPDU, the pre-FEC padding factor value in a range between 1 and 2Na, wherein Na is an integer greater than 2; set Na bits in a Signal (SIG) field of the PPDU to indicate the pre-FEC padding factor value; and encode a data field of the PPDU according to a FEC coding based on the pre-FEC padding factor value. For example, a STA may encode a data field of a PPDU according to a FEC coding based on a pre-FEC padding factor value and based on a condition that no post-FEC padding is to be applied for the PPDU; and set an LDPC extra symbol subfield in a SIG field of the PPDU to indicate whether or not an LDPC extra symbol is present based on encoding of the data field of the PPDU.

Abstract: For example, a wireless communication station (STA) may be configured to determine a selected setting of one or more rate-dependent parameters for transmission of a Physical layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) based on a minimal Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) size requirement such that, for at least one MPDU of the PPDU, a first count of MAC padding bits to pad the MPDU according to the selected setting of the one or more rate-dependent parameters is less than a second count of MAC padding bits to pad the MPDU according to a channel-based setting of the one or more rate-dependent parameters, wherein, the channel-based setting of the one or more rate-dependent parameters is based on a condition of a wireless communication channel for transmission of the PPDU; and to transmit the PPDU according to a transmission data rate based on the selected setting.

Abstract: For example, a wireless communication station (STA) may be configured to determine a usage-based channel Bandwidth (BW) setting, for example, based on a link-usage parameter corresponding to a usage of a wireless communication link for communication of traffic between the STA and an Access Point (AP). For example, the STA may be configured to transmit a channel BW reduction request to the AP, for example, based on a determination that the usage-based channel BW setting is less than an operating channel BW setting for the STA. For example, the channel BW reduction request may be configured to request the AP to reduce the operating channel BW setting for the STA based on the usage-based channel BW setting.

Abstract: For example, a non Access Point (AP) (non-AP) Multi-Link Device (MLD) may be configured to assign a first priority to a first link of a multi-link operation mode and a second priority to a second link of the multi-link operation mode. For example, the first priority assigned to the first link of the multi-link operation mode may be higher than the second priority assigned to the second link of the multi-link operation mode. For example, the non-AP MLD may be configured to limit a transmission from the non-AP MLD over the second link based, for example, on a busy state of a wireless communication medium of the first link.

Abstract: In various examples, systems and methods are disclosed relating to using machine learning models to generate small molecules with desired structural or physicochemical properties with high sampling efficiency. In some implementations, one or more processors receive a data structure representing a first small molecule and encode the data structure into a latent distribution of a fixed size using a machine learning model, thereby determining an encoded representation of the data structure. To generate new molecules with similar properties to the first small molecule, the processors apply noise to the encoded representation to determine a modified encoded representation. The modified encoded representation is decoded to determine a modified data structure representing a second small molecule different from the first small molecule.

Abstract: The application relates to a method and apparatus used in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The apparatus includes: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and processor circuitry coupled with the RF interface and configured to: determine Buffered Unit (BU) information, which indicates presence or absence of BUs for a set of non-Access Point (AP) Multi-link Devices (MLDs) on an AP MLD; encapsulate the BU information for the set of non-AP MLDs in a Multilink (ML) Traffic Indication Map (TIM) information element; and provide the ML TIM information element to the RF interface for broadcasting, wherein the ML TIM information element comprises a series of TIM segments and each TIM segment contains the BU information, which indicates the presence or absence of BUs for a subset of non-AP MLDs on a corresponding AP within the AP MLD.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to security for multi-link operations. A multi-link device (MLD) may establish a first communication link between a first device of the MLD and a first device of a second MLD, and a second communication link between a second device of the MLD and a second device of the second MLD. The MLD may generate a group-addressed message. The MLD may protect the group-addressed message using a first key or a first integrity key. The MLD may protect the group-addressed message using a second key or a second integrity key. The MLD may send, using the first communication link, the group-addressed message protected using the first key or the first integrity key, and may send, using the second communication link, the group-addressed message protected using the second key or the second integrity key.

Abstract: A method and device for providing payload length indication in IEEE 802.11 wireless communications are disclosed. The last OFDM symbol of a transmission is divided into multiple symbol segments and a number of medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) symbol segments are then allocated. The allocated number of MAC symbol segments is indicated using a field in the SIGNAL field or MAC frame body. Mapping between MAC and PHY symbol segments is provided as is additional puncturing for OFDM symbol usage.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to high throughput (HT) control information. A device may determine a frame comprising HT control information. The device may determine to extend a size of the HT control information. The device may cause to generate a management or data frame for sending to a first station device of one or more station devices, the management or data frame comprising extended high throughput (HT) control information, define a new control identification (ID) associated with the extended HT control information, and cause to send the management or data frame to the first station device.

Abstract: An apparatus of a station (STA) includes memory and processing circuitry coupled to the memory. The processing circuitry is configured to encode a capabilities element for transmission to an access point (AP). The capabilities element including a media access control (MAC) capabilities information field indicating a trigger frame MAC padding duration. The processing circuitry decodes an extremely high throughput (EHT) protocol data unit (PPDU) received in response to the capabilities element. The EHT PPDU includes an EHT trigger frame (EHT-TF) in a data portion of the EHT PPDU, a packet extension (PE) field, and a dummy orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol extending the PE field. The processing circuitry performs physical layer (PHY) and MAC processing of the EHT PPDU based on a duration of the dummy OFDM symbol.

Abstract: A method of wireless communication comprising decoding in a physical layer circuitry a received wireless signal; outputting a corresponding wireless signal data as one or more data packets, the wireless signal data representing the received wireless signal; determining one or more packet header parameters of the one or more data packets; and if any of the one or more packet header parameters equal any of one or more predetermined values, instruct a medium access control layer circuitry to switch from an inactive mode to an active mode.

Abstract: For example, a wireless communication station (STA) may be configured to set a Message Integrity Code (MIC) in a MIC field to protect contents of a control frame according to a Galois Message Authentication Code with 256-bit cipher-key (GMAC-256) protection mechanism. For example, the MIC may be based on a Packet Number (PN). For example, a size of the MIC field may be less than 16 bytes. For example, the STA may be configured to set a PN field based on the PN. For example, a size of the PN field may be less than 6 bytes. For example, the STA may be configured to transmit the control frame including the MIC field and the PN field.

Abstract: For example, a wireless communication device may be configured to transmit a reservation frame to reserve a wireless communication medium for a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP). For example, the TxOP may be configured to cover a first reserved duration and a second reserved duration. For example, the first reserved duration may be configured for at least one self-transmission of the STA, and the second reserved duration may be configured for communication of at least one non-self-transmission by the STA. For example, the wireless communication device may be configured to transmit the at least one self-transmission during the first duration. For example, the self-transmission may be configured for transmission from a transmitter of the STA to a receiver of the STA.

Abstract: Multi-link device (MLD) security association (SA) query and query response procedures are described. Any of the links between an access point (AP) MLD and a non-AP MLD may be used to initiate association, reassociation, or disassociation procedures using the SA query requests and responses. The SA query request or response from one of the stations (STAs) associated with the MLD is sent to a corresponding linked one of the STAs associated with the other MLD. The SA request or response is addressed to the other MLD rather than the STA of the other MLD. Retry timeouts and maximum timeouts for resending SA query requests are set by the AP MLD and the same across each of the links.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced frame exchange. A device may generate a first subset of a plurality of fields, wherein the first subset is mandatory in a probe request frame. The device may generate a second subset of the plurality of fields, wherein the second subset is optional in the probe request frame regardless of capability information of the device. The device may generate the probe request frame comprising the first subset and the second subset. The device may cause to send the probe request frame to an access point (AP) device.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to adding or removing communication access points (APs) affiliated with an associated AP multi-link device (AP-MLD). A non-AP-MLD may identify a communication link between the non-AP-MLD and an AP-MLD, the communication link previously used by the non-AP-MLD; encode a request frame comprising a multi-link reconfiguration element indicative of a request to add or remove the communication link; cause the non-AP-MLD to transmit the request frame to the AP-MLD; and identify a response frame received from the AP-MLD, the response frame comprising the multi-link reconfiguration element and indicating whether the communication link was accepted or rejected to be added or removed.

Abstract: A station (STA) configured for operation in a WLAN may perform bit scrambling on input bits to generate scrambled input bits and may perform probabilistic constellation shaping using a shaping encoder on the scrambled input bits. The shaping encoder may encode a segment of the scrambled input bits for a modulation order and generate a shaped bit stream. In these embodiments, the STA may generate a QAM symbol stream with a QAM modulator. The QAM symbol stream may be generated at least from the shaped bit stream and from parity bits using the modulation order. The STA may generate the parity bits from the shaped bit streams with a forward-error correction (FEC) encoder and may transmit the QAM symbol stream within a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). To address a potential byte boundary shift caused a decoding error at a receiving station, the STA may modify performance of the bit scrambling when probabilistic constellation shaping is performed.