Abstract: This application discloses an image encoding and decoding method and apparatus, an encoder, a decoder, and a system, and relates to the multimedia field. An example method includes: after encoding of a previous coding unit and decoding of the previous coding unit end, a number of lossless bits of a current coding unit and an average number of lossless bits of the current coding unit are updated based on a number of coded bits of the previous coding unit and a used quantization parameter. When an expected number of bits obtained by performing lossy coding on the coding unit is adaptively allocated based on the image content of the coding unit, a quantization parameter used for encoding or decoding the current coding unit is determined based on the number of coded bits of the previous coding unit.

Abstract: A method includes determining an adjustment value of a number of lossy bits based on an approximate value of a number of remaining coding units. An averaging stage, related to division in a process of calculating the number of lossy bits may be implemented by a shift operation at both an encoder side and a decoder side.

Abstract: A coding device estimates a number of coded bits of an (i+k)th coding unit based on a number of coded bits of an ith coding unit, where k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The coding device further uses image content of the (i+k)th coding unit as an input of the QP decision.

Abstract: An encoding method and apparatus, and a decoding method and apparatus are disclosed, and relate to the field of video coding technologies. A decoding device may decode a coding unit based on a number of coded bits corresponding to the coding unit and a number of estimated bits indicating substream header bits corresponding to a plurality of substreams. This avoids a problem that accuracy of rate control is affected because an error occurs when a rate control module performs rate control only based on the number of coded bits corresponding to the coding unit, and helps improve video decoding quality. In addition, because the decoding device considers a number of bits occupied by the substream header bits, the substream header bits are also considered in a video decoding process.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a decoding method. The method includes: obtaining a bitstream of a first coding unit, where the first coding unit is at least one coding unit in a plurality of coding units; determining an end decrease step, wherein the end decrease step is used to update a virtual padding amount of the plurality of coding units; determining the virtual padding amount of the plurality of coding units based on the end decrease step, where the virtual padding amount is used to reduce storage space of a buffer in a decoding device; determining that an encoding mode of the first coding unit in the plurality of coding units is a fallback mode; and decoding the bitstream of the first coding unit based on the virtual padding amount and the fallback mode, to obtain first data.

Abstract: An encoding device, a decoding device, and a storage medium are provided. A reference sample value for a colour component of a current block is determined. A weighting factor is determined according to the reference sample value for the colour component of the current block. A first prediction block for a second colour component of the current block is determined according to the weighting factor and a reference sample value for the second colour component of the current block, where the number of prediction values of the second colour component of the first prediction block is greater than the number of second-colour-component samples in the current block. First filtering is performed on the first prediction block to determine a second prediction block for the second colour component of the current block. A reconstructed value of the second-colour-component sample in the current block is determined according to the second prediction block.

Abstract: A method for decoding includes: reference information of a current block is determined; a filtering process is performed on at least partial information in the reference information of the current block, to determine target information of the current block; a respective one of weighting coefficients is determined according to each of reference sample values of a first color component in the target information; a prediction block of a second color component of the current block is determined according to the weighting coefficients and reference sample values of a second color component in the target information; and reconstructed values of second color component samples of the current block are determined according to the prediction block.

Abstract: Disclosed are a coding method, a decoding method, and a decoding device. The decoding method includes: determining a reference sample value of a first color component of the current block; according to the reference sample value of the first color component of the current block, determining a weighting coefficient by means of a neural network model, wherein an input for the neural network model comprises the reference sample value of the first color component of the current block; according to the weighting coefficient and a reference sample value of a second color component of the current block, determining a predicted block of the second color component of the current block; and according to the predicted block, determining a reconstructed value of a sampling point of the second color component of the current block.

Abstract: A coding method and apparatus, an encoding device, a decoding device, and a storage medium are provided. The method includes the following. A reference sample for a current block is determined. A weighting factor is determined according to the reference sample. A prediction value of a first colour component of a sample to-be-predicted in the current block is determined by weighting a first colour component value of the reference sample according to the weighting factor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to particulate hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated substrates, methods of making particulate HA-coated substrates, and methods of using particulate HA-coated substrates. Thus, the disclosure provides chromatography media composed of a particulate substrate (such as polymer beads or other particulate substrates) that is coated with HA. Also provided is a chromatography media (optionally contained within a column) comprising a HA-coated substrate (e.g., a plurality of beads or another particulate substrate that is coated with HA). The beads or particulate substrate can be a porous or non-porous substrate.

Abstract: Provided herein is a chromatography media composed of a particulate substrate (such as beads or other particulate substrates) that is coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and in which the particulate substrate used as the base upon which calcium phosphate (CaP) is formed is treated with heat to remove the substrate, convert the CaP to HA, and form the desired HA microstructure so as to form a templated porous HA substrate (TPHA substrate). Also provided is a chromatography media (optionally contained within a column) comprising a TPHA substrate (e.g., a plurality of TPHA particles). The TPHA particles are porous or macroporous and uses thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein is a chromatography media composed of a porous solid substrate (such as a membrane, metal, or metallic alloy) that is coated with hydroxyapatite (IA). Also provided is a chromatography media comprising a HA-coated substrate and uses thereof. Thus this disclosure provides a chromatography media composed of a porous solid substrate (such as a membrane, metal, or metallic alloy) that is coated with I-IA. Also provided is a chromatography media comprising a HA-coated substrate and uses thereof. Methods of preparing the HA-coated substrate are also provided.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to multimodal chromatography resins comprising anionic and cationic ligands on each resin particle and methods of synthesizing the multimodal chromatography resin by contacting a base with quaternary amines and/or tertiary amines on the surface of a substrate. The multimodal resins can be tuned by changing the ratios of cation to anions. The multimodal chromatography resins can be used for purifying proteins.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mounting bracket for a customer premise equipment and a customer premise equipment. The mounting bracket includes a bracket base (1) and a fixing frame (2). The bracket base (1) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (2). An accommodation cavity is formed in the base (1). A bottom of the accommodation cavity is in contact with a bottom of the mounting end. A plurality of first fasteners (11) extending towards a center of the accommodation cavity are provided on a side wall of the accommodation cavity. At least two of the plurality of first fasteners (11) are provided opposite to each other. A gap is reserved between the first fasteners (11) and the bottom of the accommodation cavity. A height of the gap is adapted to a thickness of a second fastener on the mounting end.

Abstract: A method for measuring water exchange across the blood-brain barrier includes acquiring diffusion weighted (DW) arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals. The method further includes determining optimal parameters to separate labeled water in capillary and brain tissue compartments. The method further includes estimating water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier based on the DW ASL MRI signals and the optimal parameters, using a total generalized variation (TGV) regularized single-pass approximation (SPA) modeling algorithm.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a skill evaluation device, a skill evaluation method, and a storage medium capable of appropriately evaluating the skill of an operator by changing a time range for evaluating the skill of the operator. The skill evaluation device includes an acquisition part, an extraction part, a calculation part, and an output part. The acquisition part acquires time range information indicating an arbitrary time range. The extraction part extracts data of a specific time range determined based on the time range information from operation status data indicating an operation status of the operator in a time series. The calculation part calculates an index value of the skill of the operator for one or more evaluation items based on the data of the specific time range. The output part outputs index information indicating the index value.

Abstract: Methods and systems of correcting chromatic focal shift may include measuring a chromatic focal shift in focal points of a lens between first and second wavelengths of light passing through the lens. They also include detecting the first wavelength of light from a sample spaced at a first distance between the sample and the lens that corresponds to a first focal point for the first wavelength of light. They further include adjusting the sample and the lens to a second distance with a piezoelectric actuator. The second distance may be determined using the measurement of the chromatic focal shift between the first and second wavelengths of light passing through the lens. They additionally include detecting a second wavelength of light from the sample spaced at the second distance between the sample and the lens, where the second distance corresponds to a second focal point for the second wavelength of light.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a leg sleeve, which includes a sleeve body; a cover, connected with the sleeve body to cooperatively form a receiving portion, the receiving portion defines an opening and is configured to receive a protection member; and an anti-slip element, connected with the sleeve body or the cover, to prevent the protection member slipping out from the receiving portion. The present disclosure further provides a leg protection assembly applying the leg sleeve.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dumbbell, which includes a first grip rod and two counterweight assemblies, each of both ends of the first grip rod defines a first screw hole, each of the two counterweight assemblies comprises at least one first counterweight, the first counterweight comprises a first connection portion, the first connection portion is threadedly received in the first screw hole to connect the first grip rod with the first counterweight. The present disclosure further provides a fitness equipment applying the dumbbell.