Abstract: Tungsten-containing metal films may be deposited in recessed features of semiconductor substrates by electrodeposition. The tungsten-containing metal film is electrodeposited under conditions so that the tunsten-containing metal film is free or substantially free of oxide. Conditions are optimized during electrodeposition for pH, tungsten concentration, and current density, among other parameters. The tungsten-containing metal film may include cobalt tungsten alloy, cobalt nickel tungsten alloy, or nickel tungsten alloy, where a tungsten content in the tungsten-containing metal film is between about 1-20 atomic %.

Abstract: A method of treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the exhaust gas with a lean NOx trap catalyst is disclosed. The lean NOx trap catalyst comprises a first layer and a second layer.

Abstract: Films (ODFs) that include botanical extract are provided, as well as methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is provided which controls the use of data in respect of a further operation. The data processing apparatus identifies whether data is trusted or untrusted by identifying whether or not the data was determined by a speculatively executed resolve-pending operation. A permission control unit is also provided to control how the data can be used in respect of a further operation according to a security policy while the speculatively executed operation is still resolve-pending.

Abstract: A discrepancy audit system operates by generating discrepancy audit data indicating instances of the partner benefits records that fail to match corresponding instances of the system benefits records and generating an interactive interface for display via a display device. The interactive interface displays the discrepancy audit data by displaying the instances of the partner benefits records contemporaneously with the corresponding instances of the system benefits records. In response to a user selection of a first instance of the instances of the partner benefits records, indicating the first instance of the instances of the partner benefits records is correct, automatically indicating a corresponding first instance of the corresponding instances of the system benefits records is incorrect, and generating corrected system benefits records indicating the first instance of the instances of the partner benefits records.

Abstract: Provided herein is a topical analgesic composition that includes an external analgesic agent, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and at least one of a cannabinoid, terpene, and flavonoid. Also provided is a method that includes topically administering to a skin surface of a subject (e.g., human) the topical analgesic composition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining whether a substrate includes an unacceptably high amount of oxide on its surface are described. The substrate is typically a substrate that is to be electroplated. The determination may be made directly in an electroplating apparatus, during an initial portion of an electroplating process. The determination may involve immersing the substrate in electrolyte with a particular applied voltage or applied current provided during or soon after immersion, and recording a current response or voltage response over this same timeframe. The applied current or applied voltage may be zero or non-zero. By comparing the current response or voltage response to a threshold current, threshold voltage, or threshold time, it can be determined whether the substrate included an unacceptably high amount of oxide on its surface. The threshold current, threshold voltage, and/or threshold time may be selected based on a calibration procedure.

Abstract: A lean NOx trap catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines is disclosed. The lean NOx trap catalyst comprises a first layer for storing nitrogen oxides (NOx) under lean exhaust gas conditions and releasing and/or reducing stored NOx during rich exhaust gas conditions, and a second layer, said second layer comprising a first zone for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO) and/or hydrocarbons (HC), and a second zone for oxidizing nitric oxide (NO), and a substrate having an inlet end and an outlet end.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for discovering network attack paths is provided. The method includes a computer generating scoring system results based on analysis of vulnerabilities of nodes in a network configuration. The method also includes the computer applying Bayesian probability to the scoring system results and selected qualitative risk attributes wherein output accounts for dependencies between vulnerabilities of the nodes. The method also includes the computer applying a weighted-average algorithm to the output yielding at least one ranking of nodes in order of likelihood of targeting by an external attacker.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises branch prediction circuitry adapted to store at least one branch prediction state entry in relation to a stream of instructions, input circuitry to receive at least one input to generate a new branch prediction state entry, wherein the at least one input comprises a plurality of bits; and coding circuitry adapted to perform an encoding operation to encode at least some of the plurality of bits based on a value associated with a current execution environment in which the stream of instructions is being executed. This guards against potential attacks which exploit the ability for branch prediction entries trained by one execution environment to be used by another execution environment as a basis for branch predictions.

Abstract: Provided herein is a topical analgesic composition that includes an external analgesic agent, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and at least one of a cannabinoid, terpene, and flavonoid. Also provided is a method that includes topically administering to a skin surface of a subject (e.g., human) the topical analgesic composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for obtaining an oil extract of cannabis. The method includes: (a) contacting cannabis biomass and an edible oil; (b) pressing between a pair of plates to provide spent cannabis and an oil extract of cannabis; and (c) separating the spent cannabis biomass and the oil extract of cannabis.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises: processing circuitry 18 to process instructions from a plurality of software workloads; a branch prediction cache 40-42 to cache branch prediction state data selected from a plurality of sets of branch prediction state data 60 stored in a memory system 30, 32, 34, each set of branch prediction state data corresponding to one of said plurality of software workloads; and branch prediction circuitry 4 to predict an outcome of a branch instruction of a given software workload based on branch prediction state data cached in the branch prediction cache from the set of branch prediction state data corresponding to said given software workload. This is useful for mitigating against speculation side-channel attacks which exploit branch mispredictions caused by malicious training of a branch predictor.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to methods, apparatus, and systems for electroplating metal into recessed features using a superconformal fill mechanism that provides relatively faster plating within a feature and relatively slower plating in the field region. Moreover, within the feature, plating occurs faster toward the bottom of the feature compared to the top of the feature. The result is that the feature is filled with metal from the bottom upwards, resulting in a high quality fill without the formation of seams or voids, defects that are likely where a conformal fill mechanism is used. The superconformal fill mechanism relies on the presence of a sacrificial oxidant molecule that is used to develop a differential current efficiency within the feature compared to the field region. Various plating conditions are balanced against one another to ensure that the feature fills from the bottom upwards. No organic plating additives are necessary, though plating additives can be used to improve the process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides messenger RNAs (mRNAs) having chemical and/or structural modifications, including RNA elements and/or modified nucleotides, in particular C-rich or CG-rich elements, which provide a desired translational regulatory activity to the mRNA.

Abstract: Void-free bottom-up fill of copper in features is achieved on non-copper liner layers. A non-copper liner layer has a higher resistivity than copper. An electroplating solution for plating copper on a non-copper liner layer includes a low copper concentration, high pH, organic additives, and bromide ions as a copper complexing agent. The high pH and the bromide ions do not interfere with the activity of the organic additives. In some implementations, the concentration of copper ions is between about 0.2 g/L and about 10 g/L, a concentration of sulfuric acid is between about 0.1 g/L and about 10 g/L, and a concentration of the bromide ions is between about 20 mg/L and about 240 mg/L. In some implementations, the electroplating solution further includes chloride ions as an additional copper complexing agent at a concentration between about 0.1 mg/L and about 100 mg/L.

Abstract: A dielectric composite material includes an electrical insulator and primary nanoparticles. The primary nanoparticles are dispersed, without forming agglomerates, within the electrical insulator. The primary nanoparticles are of one more of the following types: aluminum, aluminum oxide, or aluminum coated with a surface oxide layer, and the electrical insulator being a dissimilar material from the primary nanoparticles.

Abstract: SCR-active molecular-sieve based catalysts with improved low-temperature performance are made by heating a molecular-sieve in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with steam (hydrothermal treatment), or in a reducing atmosphere without steam (thermal treatment), at a temperature in the range of 600-900° C. for a time period from 5 minutes to two hours. The resulting SCR-active iron-containing molecular sieves exhibit a selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with NH3 or urea at 250° C. that is at least 50% greater than if the iron-containing molecular-sieve were calcined at 500° C. for two hours without performing the hydrothermal or thermal treatment.

Abstract: Provided herein is a topical anti-acne composition that includes an external anti-acne agent, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and at least one of a cannabinoid, terpene, and flavonoid. Also provided is a method that includes topically administering to a skin surface of a subject (e.g., human) the topical anti-acne composition.

Abstract: Provided herein is a topical sunscreen composition that includes an external sunscreen agent, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and at least one of a cannabinoid, terpene, and flavonoid. Also provided is a method that includes topically administering to a skin surface of a subject (e.g., human) the topical sunscreen composition.