Abstract: Color enhancing compositions for enhancing, changing and concealing the color of substrates to which the compositions are applied are provided. The compositions include chromatically selective scattering particles having small sizes and narrow size distributions. Inks, paints and other coatings made from the color enhancing compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2-D) machine-vision safety method and apparatus performs high-integrity, high efficiency machine vision. The system digitally filters a configurable number of time-sequenced camera images of a viewed area to create a filtered image. Objects within view in a training phase are detected and compared to objects detected in a runtime phase. Each new image is then compared to the previously created model and a pixel-oriented difference image is calculated. The difference image is then processed for segmentation features attributable to an intruder object. Alarm conditions are determined from threshold parameters related to location of the intruder objects. For segmentation results that exceed a predetermined threshold, an alarm condition is set. Setup parameters are automatically generated by analysis of distinctively marked physical boundaries in an image.

Abstract: A stereo imaging based vision system is calibrated to provide heights above the ground plane for any point in the field of view. Therefore, when any object enters the field of view, it generates interest points called “features,” the heights of which are measured relative to the ground plane. These points are then clustered in 3D space to provide “objects.” These objects are then tracked in multiple frames to provide “trajectories.” Such a system could then control alarm signals or actuate gates or motion control devices, for example, based on the various pieces of information generated about the object.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating an assembly having functional blocks coupling to a substrate. The method includes providing the substrate with receptor sites wherein each of the receptor sites is designed to couple to one of the functional blocks. Electrodes are coupled to the substrate. The electrodes cover the receptor sites such that portions of the receptor sites are coated with the electrodes. Applying a voltage source to the electrodes using a first electrical circuit such that each electrode has a voltage different from another electrode. The electrodes form an electric field. The functional blocks having electronic devices and being in a slurry solution are dispensed over the substrate. Each functional block is fabricated out of materials having a high dielectric constant such that said functional blocks are attracted to the higher field strength regions and are guided to the receptor sites.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2-D) machine-vision safety-solution involving a method and apparatus for performing high-integrity, high efficiency machine vision. The machine vision safety solution digitally filters a configurable number of time-sequenced images of a viewed area to create a filtered image. A textured background is used as a static target and viewed under ambient light, or alternatively a texture is observed under IR light. An artificial texture can be created with a particularized pattern. Each new image is then compared to the previously created model and a pixel-oriented difference image is calculated. The difference image is then processed for segmentation features attributable to an intruder object. For segmentation results that exceed a predetermined threshold, an alarm condition is set.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3-D) machine-vision safety-solution involving a method and apparatus for performing high-integrity, high efficiency machine vision. The machine vision safety solution converts two-dimensional video pixel data into 3-D point data that is used for characterization of specific 3-D objects, their orientation, and other object characteristics for any object, to provide a video safety “curtain.” A (3-D) machine-vision safety-solution apparatus includes an image acquisition device arranged to view a target scene stereoscopically and pass the resulting multiple video output signals to a computer for further processing. The multiple video output signals are connected to the input of a video processor adapted to accept the video signals. Video images from each camera are then synchronously sampled, captured, and stored in a memory associated with a general purpose processor.