Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate having a first conductivity type. A well formed at an upper surface has a second, opposite conductivity type and a first dopant concentration. First and second STI structures are formed and a polysilicon gate structure is formed between the first and second STI structures. The polysilicon gate structure extends over a first side of the first STI structure and over a first side of the second STI structure. A first doped region is formed within the well at the upper surface and on a second side of the first STI structure and a second doped region is formed within the well at the upper surface and on a second side of the second STI structure. The first and second doped regions each have the second conductivity type and a second dopant concentration that is greater than the first dopant concentration.

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: Antibody molecules that specifically bind to APRIL are disclosed. The antibody molecules can be used to treat, prevent, and/or diagnose disorders, such as IgA nephropathy.

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: An analytical device comprising A) A first sealed compartment comprising an extraction solvent or extraction reagent within the device wherein the first compartment comprises a seal over an opening, B) A second compartment comprising an opening, wherein the opening of the second compartment is aligned with the opening of the first compartment, C) A reaction region comprising one or more reaction reagents wherein at least a portion of the reaction region is located below at least a portion of the first or second compartment and is configured to receive liquid flowing from the first or second compartment. D) A first fluid passage connecting the first or second compartment to the reaction region wherein the first fluid passage comprises a first surface energy gradient coating, E) A detection region comprising one or more detection agents wherein the detection region is located downstream of the reaction region and is configured to receive liquid flowing from the reaction region.

Abstract: 1) An analytical device comprising A) A sample region comprising a first opening and a first cavity within the device configured to receive a sample and closure means for covering the first opening, B) A second cavity comprising an extraction solvent or extraction reagent within the device, C) An extraction region configured to receive at least a portion of the sample from the sample region and at least a portion of the extraction solvent or reaction reagent, D) A reaction region comprising one or more reaction reagents wherein the reaction region is located downstream of the extraction region and is configured to receive liquid flowing from the extraction region, E) A first fluid passage connecting the extraction region to the reaction region wherein the first fluid passage comprises a first surface energy gradient coating, F) A detection region comprising one or more detection agents wherein the detection region is located downstream of the reaction region and is configured to receive liquid flowing from th

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: A device comprising a channel comprising at least one surface wherein the surface comprises a fluid-impervious base surface covered by a coating beginning at a proximal location and ending at a distal location along the at least one surface of the channel, the coating forming a surface energy gradient from the proximal location to the distal location on the surface, wherein the coating comprises a species having a functional group M1 and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, wherein the functional group M2 comprises an amide or amine group, and the concentration of the species comprising functional group M2 in the coating increases relative to the concentration of the species comprising functional group M1 from the proximal location to the distal location on the surface.

Abstract: A microfluidic product utilizing gradient surface energy coatings for fluid control comprising a plurality of fluid passages wherein at least one fluid passage comprises a coating configured to control liquid flow wherein the coating configured to control liquid flow comprises a gradient surface energy coating from a proximal location to a distal location on a surface of the fluid passage. The product can include uniform regions and surface gradient regions in the same passage. Coating compositions and product dimensions can be selected to provide control over different flow properties including fluid velocity, reduction and acceleration of fluid flow, and starting and stopping fluid flow.

Abstract: A device comprising a channel comprising at least one surface wherein the surface comprises a fluid-impervious base surface covered by a coating beginning at a proximal location and ending at a distal location along the at least one surface of the channel, the coating forming a surface energy gradient from the proximal location to the distal location on the surface, wherein the coating comprises a species having a functional group M1 and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, wherein the functional group M2 comprises an amide or amine group, and the concentration of the species comprising functional group M2 in the coating increases relative to the concentration of the species comprising functional group M1 from the proximal location to the distal location on the surface.

Abstract: A medical device or analytical device comprising a fluid-impervious surface comprising a base surface, at least one distinct region of the base surface covered by a mixed monolayer film, the mixed monolayer film comprising a species having a functional group M1 and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, the mixed monolayer forming a surface energy gradient wherein at least one of the species used to form the monolayer on the surface comprises a biopolymer-resistant domain.

Abstract: A medical device or analytical device comprising a fluid-impervious surface comprising a base surface, at least one distinct region of the base surface covered by a mixed monolayer film, the mixed monolayer film comprising a species having a functional group Ml and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, the mixed monolayer forming a surface energy gradient wherein at least one of the species used to form the monolayer on the surface comprises a biopolymer-resistant domain.

Abstract: A cooling system comprising a plurality of coolant channels comprising a fluid-impervious surface comprising a base surface, at least one distinct region of the base surface covered by a mixed monolayer, the mixed monolayer comprising a species having a functional group M1 and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, the mixed monolayer forming a surface energy gradient within the region and wherein any portions of the surface that border the at least one distinct region have substantially equal surface energies.

Abstract: A medical device or analytical device comprising a fluid-impervious surface comprising a base surface, at least one distinct region of the base surface covered by a mixed monolayer film, the mixed monolayer film comprising a species having a functional group M1 and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, the mixed monolayer forming a surface energy gradient wherein at least one of the species used to form the monolayer on the surface comprises a biopolymer-resistant domain.

Abstract: A cooling system comprising a plurality of coolant channels comprising a fluid-impervious surface comprising a base surface, at least one distinct region of the base surface covered by a mixed monolayer, the mixed monolayer comprising a species having a functional group M1 and a species having a functional group M2 where M1 and M2 have different surface energies, the mixed monolayer forming a surface energy gradient within the region and wherein any portions of the surface that border the at least one distinct region have substantially equal surface energies.

Abstract: A method of derivatizing a fluid-impervious surface with a mixed monolayer to create a surface energy gradient comprising the steps of a) Exposing a base surface to a first solution comprising a plurality of molecules of the formula X1-J1-M1 wherein X1 and M1 represent separate functional groups and J1 represents a spacer moiety that, together, are able to promote formation from solution of a self-assembled monolayer for sufficient time to form a monolayer surface having a substantially uniform surface energy on the base surface. b) Removing a portion of the monolayer formed in (a) such that a portion of the base surface is again fully or partially exposed. c) Exposing the portion of the base surface from (b) to a second solution comprising a plurality of molecules of the formula X2-J2-M2 wherein the functional group M2 has a different surface energy from that of the functional group M1 such that a surface energy gradient is formed.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode, fuel delivery means comprising a superabsorbent nonwoven absorbent media in fluid contact with a wicking material, gas-liquid separation means, and water management means. In one embodiment, the fuel cell also uses a microporous membrane, a wicking material, and an absorbent material to provide for gas-liquid separation, and a wicking material and absorbent material to provide for liquid management means at the cathode. In some embodiments, the combination of materials provides the advantage of passive operation and orientation independence for the fuel cell.