Abstract: A junction field effect transistor having a drain and a source, each defined by regions of a first type of semiconductor interconnected by a channel, and in which a dopant profile at a side of the drain facing the channel is modified so as to provide a region of reduced doping compared to a body region of the drain. The region of reduced doping and the body region can be defined by the same mask and doping step, but the mask is shaped to provide a lesser amount and thus less depth of doping for the region of reduced doping.

Abstract: A bipolar transistor comprising an emitter region, a base region and a collector region, and a guard region spaced from and surrounding the base. The guard region can be formed in the same steps that form the base, and can serve to spread out the depletion layer in operation.

Abstract: An apparatus including an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device comprising a semiconductor having first, second and third regions arranged to form a transistor, wherein the first region is doped with a first impurity of a first conductivity type and is separated from the second region which is doped with a second impurity of a second conductivity type opposite the first type, and wherein a dimensional constraint of the regions defines an operational threshold of the ESD protection device. In one example, the separation between a collector and an emitter of a bipolar transistor defines a trigger voltage to cause the electrostatic discharge protection device to become conducting. In another example, a width of a bipolar transistor base controls a holding voltage of the electrostatic discharge protection device.

Abstract: A technique for shaping droplets is disclosed. Multiple optical traps, or at least one variable geometry trap, are used to deform a droplet. The surface tension of the droplet is lowered to be comparable with the force which can be applied using the optical traps, for example by using a surfactant such as Aerosol OT, with heptane droplets in a solution of sodium chloride. Solidification of deformed droplets can be achieved using polymerization.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor including a first sensor element formed in a first substrate and at least one optical element formed in a second substrate, the first and second substrates being configured relative to one another such that the second substrate forms a cap over the first sensor element. The cap includes a diffractive optical element and an aperture stop which collectively determine the wavelength of incident radiation that is allowed through the cap and onto the at least one optical element.

Abstract: A system for sending large numbers of personalized multimedia communications to other people by automating the creation and delivery of custom one-to-one and template-driven one-to-many video and/or audio (multimedia) communications. The present invention also provides an automated means for a message originator to select and direct a third party to create customized multimedia content. Using the system, a user can select among the duly registered performers in the system's database, and direct such a third party or parties such as a Hollywood celebrities to perform a holiday greeting for a colleague. The invention also allows for classifying, saving and re-using multimedia content or parts of multimedia content and for the combining or matching of multimedia content custom-tailored to specific recipients, such as recorded salutations, with additional multimedia content, such as an explanation of a politician's position on a particular issue.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor including a first sensor element formed in a first substrate and at least one optical element formed in a second substrate, the first and second substrates being configured relative to one another such that the second substrate forms a cap over the first sensor element. The cap includes a diffractive optical element and an aperture stop which collectively determine the wavelength of incident radiation that is allowed through the cap and onto the at least one optical element.

Abstract: A method and network for transmitting a message from a sender to a recipient wherein the sender has no previous knowledge of the recipient's identity. A method is provided for registering a user with a web-enabled database service by providing correlating data on the user's identity and vehicle license plate number and/or other vehicle identifying information. A sender observing a vehicle can send a message to the recipient by logging onto the service and sending a message including the license plate number of the vehicle or other vehicle identifying information. The service will forward the message to the recipient by looking up the vehicle information, discerning the most appropriate communications method(s), and causing the message to be transmitted to the recipient or stored for later delivery.

Abstract: An electrostatic wafer holding apparatus includes an electrostatic chucking pedestal and a bi-directional backside conduit in fluid communication with a backside of the chucking pedestal. The bi-directional backside conduit is in fluid communication with a backside carrier gas supply line, and is further in fluid communication with a vacuum supply line.

Abstract: A medical injection apparatus for simultaneously administering two or more medications to a patient includes a housing that is structured to hold two or more syringes in a substantially fixed relationship so that the distal ends of the syringe needles are spaced apart from each other. The housing may be structured for reuse, or may be disposable. The housing may include two portions that are identically structured, each portion defining half of the housing. The housing may also include a syringe sleeve that is deployable from a first position in which the needles of the syringes are exposed to a second position in which the needles of the syringes are not exposed.

Abstract: A container having an at least partly transparent hollow body and a decoration is provided. The decoration includes at least one interior lining of the hollow body so that reactions between ingredients of a product situated in the container and constituents of the decoration are prevented.

Abstract: A medical injection apparatus for simultaneously administering two or more medications to a patient includes a housing that is structured to hold two or more syringes in a substantially fixed relationship so that the distal ends of the syringe needles are spaced apart from each other. The housing may be structured for reuse, or may be disposable. The housing may include two portions that are identically structured, each portion defining half of the housing. The housing may also include a syringe sleeve that is deployable from a first position in which the needles of the syringes are exposed to a second position in which the needles of the syringes are not exposed.

Abstract: A method for forming an LDNMOS (1) and LDPMOS (2) in a CMOS process comprises forming the LDNMOS (1) and LDPMOS (2) to a stage where a gate (14) is laid down on a gate oxide layer (12) and a locos (9) is formed over the respective N and P-wells (4) and (5) of the LDNMOS (1) and LDPMOS (2). A P-body (15) is formed in the N-well (4) of the LDNMOS (1) by implanting a boron dopant in two stages, in the first stage at a first tilt angle (&thgr;) of 45° for forming the P-body (15) beneath the gate (14) for determining the source/drain threshold voltage, and subsequently at a second tilt angle (&phgr;) of 7° for extending the P-body (15) downwardly at (25) for determining the punchthrough breakdown voltage of the LDNMOS (1). The formation of an N-body (16) in a P-well (5) of the LDPMOS (2) is similar to the formation of the P-body (15) with the exception that the dopant is a phosphorous dopant.

Abstract: A system and method for generating large philanthropic funds through the use of a high entertainment value fund raising venue. Until now, the creation of large bounties to address societal problems has been the exclusive right of large philanthropists. If someone created a six million dollar reward for the eradication of a disease or solution of a problem, you might expect them to have a last name like Gates, Turner, Getty, Rockefeller, or Nobel. Small philanthropists, even though they may collectively account for the vast majority of all donations, have until now had little creative involvement and no real voice in how their donations were spent. The Bounty Fund offers large and small philanthropists alike the opportunity to design bounties with the potential to surpass those traditional bounties in terms of quality of creative design, magnitude, and mindshare.

Abstract: An improved laser trimming technique allows for a portion of the laser energy to always be on a path length for creating a constructive node independently of the oxide thickness. This improvement is accomplished by forming steps in the reflective silicon that ensure constructive nodes (or prevents the formation of destructive nodes) at the thin film plane. The steps are formed using any of the following techniques: shallow trench isolation, a separate etch step, or LOCOS.

Abstract: A network and system for acting as an information collection service or a polling service by allowing the purchaser to select the recipient of the commission. In a preferred embodiment the user can select from at least one non-profit organization among the selections resulting in a tax deductible gift. By tracking the user selections through the assignment of commissions, the system can keep track of the preferences of users. In a further extension of this invention, the commission system can be used as a proxy for calculating votes of users for certain organizations or causes or other entities or even principals represented by crediting the commission or vote to particular organizations, causes, or ideas. The votes can be tabulated in a contest fashion to calculate a winning person, organization, cause or idea. The length of time which users will be allowed to vote can be controlled by the site dependent on time, total money or votes tabulated, or other criteria.

Abstract: A method and network for transmitting a message from a sender to a recipient wherein the sender has no previous knowledge of the recipient's address. A network is provided for registering a user with an internet service by providing correlating data on the user's e-mail address and vehicle license plate number and other vehicle identifying information. A sender observing a recipient's can send a message to the recipient by logging onto the service and sending a message including the license plate number of the vehicle or other vehicle identifying information. The service will forward the message to the recipient by looking up the vehicle information and providing the corresponding e-mail address to the message and sending to the recipient.

Abstract: A solvent composition for cleaning metal and other articles which comprises 1,1,1-trichloroethane having dissolved therein a stabilizing amount of a mixture of stabilizing components comprising (i) tertiary butanol (ii) nitromethane and (iii) 1-or 2-nitropropane or nitroethane, in which mixture the specified stabilizing components are present in the mole fraction percent ranges encompassed by Contour K in FIG. 1 of the drawings in the case where component (iii) is 1-or 2-nitropropane or by Contour A in FIG. 2 of the drawing in the case where component (iii) is nitroethane.