Abstract: There are provided processes for preparing a metal hydroxide comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium, copper, magnesium and aluminum, the process comprising: reacting a metal sulfate comprising (i) and optionally (ii) with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and optionally a chelating agent to obtain a solid comprising the metal hydroxide and a liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate; separating the liquid and the solid from one another to obtain the metal hydroxide; submitting the liquid to an electromembrane process for converting the lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate into lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide respectively; reusing the sodium hydroxide for reacting with the metal sulfate; and reusing the lithium hydroxide for reacting with the metal sulfate and/or with the metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A magnetic momentum transfer generator utilizes three or more magnets aligned with each other. A first control magnet is positioned outside a coil. A second magnet is positioned within the windings of the coil and a third magnet is positioned on the opposite side of the coil opposite the control magnet. When the control magnet rotated or moved, mutual magnetic flux lines generated by all three magnets and passing through the coil winding are aligned at right angles to the coil, thereby inducing a maximum voltage at the terminals. This generator is particularly useful for short burst radio micro-transmitters that can be used for battery-less and wireless switching applications.

Abstract: Systems, devices for a tangentially actuated magnetic momentum transfer generator, and methods of use thereof, are provided. In an aspect, the generator includes a plurality of turns of wire forming a coil, a rotating magnet positioned in the coil, at least one stationary magnet positioned about the coil, and a slider movable relative to the rotating magnet in a direction tangential to an outer surface of the rotating magnet are provided. The slider can be configured to cause rotation of the rotating magnet, and the rotation of the rotating magnet and/or an interaction of the rotating magnet with a magnetic field of one or more of the at least one stationary magnet and the slider magnet can induce a voltage across a first terminal end and a second terminal end.

Abstract: A plural magnet arrangement of a matrix of rows and columns having an altered magnet field alignment of a plurality of the magnets in a matrix comprising rows and columns of magnets in such a manner that there are at times a co-existing combination of changing attractive and repelling magnetic field regions all throughout the coil winding volume, reducing the counter electromotive force (voltage) during electrically connecting a load to the coil winding terminals and extends the time duration of the output voltage waveform and this is accomplished wherein the rotational torque required to rotate the centre magnet through the coil of which it is centred within is reduced.

Abstract: In general, devices and systems for a tangentially actuated magnetic momentum transfer generator, and methods of use thereof, are provided. In an aspect, an electrical generator having a plurality of turns of wire forming a coil, a rotating magnet positioned in the coil, at least one stationary magnet positioned about the coil, and a slider movable relative to the rotating magnet in a direction tangential to an outer surface of the rotating magnet are provided. The slider can be configured to cause rotation of the rotating magnet, and the rotation of the rotating magnet and/or an interaction of the rotating magnet with a magnetic field of one or more of the at least one stationary magnet and the slider magnet can induce a voltage across a first terminal end and a second terminal end.

Abstract: A magnetic momentum transfer generator utilizes three or more magnets aligned with each other. A first control magnet is positioned outside a coil. A second magnet is positioned within the windings of the coil and a third magnet is positioned on the opposite side of the coil opposite the control magnet. When the control magnet rotated or moved, mutual magnetic flux lines generated by all three magnets and passing through the coil winding are aligned at right angles to the coil, thereby inducing a maximum voltage at the terminals. This generator is particularly useful for short burst radio micro-transmitters that can be used for battery-less and wireless switching applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure is of energy harvesting generators producing power to electrical loads by a novel method of the inline triggering of a horizontal pendulum that vertically oscillates for an established time duration. The horizontal pendulum component has disposed and fixed, a magnet whose travel is under the direct influence of the motion of the pendulum component. This oscillation of the pendulum and its disposed magnet is situated proximal to an electrical coil that has disposed a magnet enclosure with a disposed magnet that is in the center of the coil arrangement. The instant triggering is accomplished by a novel trigger whose end has a first trigger tooth that upon an external applied force comes in contact with a second trigger tooth that forces the pendulum downward beyond it release position to allow the pendulum and magnet to freely oscillate. Converse action occurs when the triggering force is instantly removed.

Abstract: A plural magnet arrangement of a matrix of rows and columns having an altered magnet field alignment of a plurality of the magnets in a matrix comprising rows and columns of magnets in such a manner that there are at times a co-existing combination of changing attractive and repelling magnetic field regions all throughout the coil winding volume, reducing the counter electromotive force (voltage) during electrically connecting a load to the coil winding terminals and extends the time duration of the output voltage waveform and this is accomplished wherein the rotational torque required to rotate the centre magnet through the coil of which it is centred within is reduced.

Abstract: In general, devices and systems for a tangentially actuated magnetic momentum transfer generator, and methods of use thereof, are provided. In an aspect, an electrical generator having a plurality of turns of wire forming a coil, a first magnet positioned in the coil, at least one focus magnet positioned about the coil, and an actuator movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to an outer surface of the first magnet are provided. The actuator can be configured to cause rotation of the first magnet, and the rotation of the first magnet and/or an interaction of the first magnet with a magnetic field of one or more of the at least one focus magnet and the actuator magnet can induce a voltage across a first terminal end and a second terminal end of the plurality of turns of wire.

Abstract: The present disclosure is of energy harvesting generators producing power to electrical loads by a novel method of a “state-change” tensor component of the magnetic field intensity of a Neodymium spherical magnet; and the accumulative directional Lorentz Force created by a moving high permeability magnetic steel toroid bi-directional guide that causes multi degrees of rotational freedom on the spherical Neodymium magnet. This action of the “state-change” Lorentz Force tensor, is caused by a sudden “state-change” in the position of the moving high permeability magnetic steel toroid, when the spherical Neodymium magnet is surrounded by an electric coil. This action produces an induced current to flow when the coil is connected to an electric load, and this action produces a voltage drop across the electric load.

Abstract: There are provided processes for preparing a metal hydroxide comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium, copper, magnesium and aluminum, the process comprising: reacting a metal sulfate comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium, copper, magnesium and aluminum with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and optionally a chelating agent in order to obtain a solid comprising the metal hydroxide and a liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate; separating the liquid and the solid from one another to obtain the metal hydroxide; submitting the liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate to an electromembrane process for converting the lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate into lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium

Abstract: A plural magnet arrangement of a matrix of rows and columns having an altered magnet field alignment of a plurality of the magnets in a matrix comprising rows and columns of magnets in such a manner that there are at times a co-existing combination of changing attractive and repelling magnetic field regions all throughout the coil winding volume, reducing the counter electromotive force (voltage) during electrically connecting a load to the coil winding terminals and extends the time duration of the output voltage waveform and this is accomplished wherein the rotational torque required to rotate the centre magnet through the coil of which it is centred within is reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure is of energy harvesting generators producing power to electrical loads by a novel method of the inline triggering of a horizontal pendulum that vertically oscillates for an established time duration. The horizontal pendulum component has disposed and fixed, a magnet whose travel is under the direct influence of the motion of the pendulum component. This oscillation of the pendulum and its disposed magnet is situated proximal to an electrical coil that has disposed a magnet enclosure with a disposed magnet that is in the center of the coil arrangement. The instant triggering is accomplished by a novel trigger whose end has a first trigger tooth that upon an external applied force comes in contact with a second trigger tooth that forces the pendulum downward beyond it release position to allow the pendulum and magnet to freely oscillate. Converse action occurs when the triggering force is instantly removed.

Abstract: A magnetic momentum transfer generator utilizes three or more magnets aligned with each other. A first control magnet is positioned outside a coil. A second magnet is positioned within the windings of the coil and a third magnet is positioned on the opposite side of the coil opposite the control magnet. When the control magnet rotated or moved, mutual magnetic flux lines generated by all three magnets and passing through the coil winding are aligned at right angles to the coil, thereby inducing a maximum voltage at the terminals. This generator is particularly useful for short burst radio micro-transmitters that can be used for battery-less and wireless switching applications.

Abstract: A magnetic momentum transfer generator utilizes three or more magnets aligned with each other. A first control magnet is positioned outside a coil. A second magnet is positioned within the windings of the coil and a third magnet is positioned on the opposite side of the coil opposite the control magnet. When the control magnet rotated or moved, mutual magnetic flux lines generated by all three magnets and passing through the coil winding are aligned at right angles to the coil, thereby inducing a maximum voltage at the terminals. This generator is particularly useful for short burst radio micro-transmitters that can be used for battery-less and wireless switching applications.

Abstract: A magnetic momentum transfer generator utilizes three or more magnets aligned with each other. A first control magnet is positioned outside a coil. A second magnet is positioned within the windings of the coil and a third magnet is positioned on the opposite side of the coil opposite the control magnet. When the control magnet rotated or moved, mutual magnetic flux lines generated by all three magnets and passing through the coil winding are aligned at right angles to the coil, thereby inducing a maximum voltage at the terminals. This generator is particularly useful for short burst radio micro-transmitters that can be used for battery-less and wireless switching applications.

Abstract: A novel method of triggering an electromagnetic type energy harvesting generator that has disposed a spherical magnet, surrounded by a coil of wire and rotatable in an enclosure about an axis with an axially protruding paddle member, axially aligned dual offset paddle members, or other flick trigger mechanism structure situated tangent along the surface of the spherical magnet enclosure, wherein this enclosed magnet is centred within the electrical coil, which is free to rotate about its axis. The magnet is held in a static state rotational position by two opposite outwardly disposed flux focus magnets. The spherical magnet and the focus magnets are all in a magnetic attractive circuit; and the magnetic flux lines are in a static field concentration throughout the coil windings aided by the focus magnets. A reciprocating trigger device means with a contact finger is utilized to engage the axially protruding paddle member(s).

Abstract: A plural magnet arrangement of a matrix of rows and columns having an altered magnet field alignment of a plurality of the magnets in a matrix comprising rows and columns of magnets in such a manner that there are at times a co-existing combination of changing attractive and repelling magnetic field regions all throughout the coil winding volume, reducing the counter electromotive force (voltage) during electrically connecting a load to the coil winding terminals and extends the time duration of the output voltage waveform and this is accomplished wherein the rotational torque required to rotate the centre magnet through the coil of which it is centred within is reduced.

Abstract: A method of triggering an electromagnetic energy harvesting generator that has disposed two opposite magnets, and each rotatable either clockwise or anti-clockwise within an enclosure about an axis with an axially protruding paddle member each, and movable axially aligned dual offset paddle members, or other flick trigger mechanism structures situated tangent along the surface of the magnets each on opposite sides of a coil that has in its centre, a stationary “centre-field-directive magnet” whose magnetic field poles are centrally common to each opposite bi-directional rotatable opposite magnets. By way of magnetic attractive forces, the two opposite rotatable magnets on opposite sides of the coil are in magnetic equilibrium by the centre stationary magnet disposed within the coil's centre region. Either of the protruding paddle members can be “independently and sequentially pushed” by an external force to cause rotation of either rotatable magnet that is common to each protruding paddle member.

Abstract: A treble quantum dot strip array comprising a red, a green and a blue photon transparent stationary colloidal epoxy suspension volume strip segment each including a plurality of red photon emitting quantum dots responsive to an electrical signal applied thereon to provide a photon emission in the red wavelength and a uV attenuating filter, wherein each of said red, blue and green segments are disposed to form a parallel treble array of segments are disposed to provide a photon path from a photon source through said uV attenuating filter. Alternate embodiments provide a quantum dot colour electrically conductive strip to emit a selected colour in response to a corresponding electric said signal applied thereacross, and including a COB (chip on board) LED (Light Emitting Diode) array apparatus.