Abstract: Asphalt-based nano-composite roofing products and methods of forming asphalt-based nano-composite roofing products are provided. An asphalt-based nano-composite roofing product may comprise a substrate layer, comprising a top surface and a bottom surface, and an asphalt coating layer, positioned over the top surface of the substrate layer. The substrate layer and/or the asphalt coating layer may comprise graphene dispersed therewithin.

Abstract: A lightweight roofing shingle comprising a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side wherein a fabric reinforcing layer substantially replaces the bottom asphalt coating and the backing aggregate on the unexposed side of a conventional shingle. The lightweight shingle will have a top asphalt layer applied to the exposed side of the mat and a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt layer opposite the mat per conventional construction, and the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat. In one embodiment, the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat. The reinforcing layer may preferably be a nonwoven fabric made from PET or polypropylene. The lightweight roofing shingle may also include a release tape layer applied to the reinforcing layer opposite the saturated mat.

Abstract: Disclosed is a release material that can be applied as a liquid, gel, emulsion, foam, etc. in a shingle manufacturing line. The release material can also be used in the manufacturing of roll roofing. The release material primarily constitutes an emulsion of polymers that can be cured with heat, IR light or other methods. Silicone may also be included in the emulsion which assists in releasability. The release material can be sprayed or extruded on to the surface of the shingle in an automated fashion, eliminating the necessity for operator interaction.

Abstract: An asphalt shingle manufacturing machine that includes a curtain die for applying a liquid release layer on an asphalt coated substrate. The moisture of the liquid release layer evaporates leaving a dispersed solid particulate release layer. The curtain die includes a first body section and a second body section with a shim disposed between the body sections to define a distribution channel. The second body section may include chamber manifold defined therein to store a volume of liquid release agent. The distribution channel places the chamber manifold in fluid communication with a discharge outlet of the curtain die in order to disperse a volume of liquid release agent from a chamber manifold out of the discharge outlet. The shim may be configured to define a width of the distribution channel to determine the flow rate and discharge pattern of the liquid release agent.

Abstract: An asphalt shingle having an asphalt-coated substrate sheet with a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a liquid release layer is applied on the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle instead of conventional backing particulates. The liquid release layer may help the shingle proceed through the manufacturing machinery without sticking and may prevent the adhesion of the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle to an adjacent shingle in a stack of shingles upon experiencing a pressure up to around four pounds per square inch, a temperature of around eighty degrees Celsius or below. The liquid release agent may also prevent adhesion of adjacent shingles in a stack at various temperature and pressures for at least fourteen days.

Abstract: A lightweight roofing shingle comprising a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side wherein a fabric reinforcing layer substantially replaces the bottom asphalt coating and the backing aggregate on the unexposed side of a conventional shingle. The lightweight shingle will have a top asphalt layer applied to the exposed side of the mat and a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt layer opposite the mat per conventional construction, and the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat. In one embodiment, the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat. The reinforcing layer may preferably be a nonwoven fabric made from PET or polypropylene. The lightweight roofing shingle may also include a release tape layer applied to the reinforcing layer opposite the saturated mat.

Abstract: A lightweight roofing shingle comprising a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side wherein a fabric reinforcing layer substantially replaces the bottom asphalt coating and the backing aggregate on the unexposed side of a conventional shingle. The lightweight shingle will have a top asphalt layer applied to the exposed side of the mat and a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt layer opposite the mat per conventional construction, and the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat. In one embodiment, the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat. The reinforcing layer may preferably be a nonwoven fabric made from PET or polypropylene. The lightweight roofing shingle may also include a release tape layer applied to the reinforcing layer opposite the saturated mat.

Abstract: Disclosed is a release material that can be applied as a liquid, gel, emulsion, foam, etc. in a shingle manufacturing line. The release material can also be used in the manufacturing of roll roofing. The release material primarily constitutes an emulsion of polymers that can be cured with heat, IR light or other methods. Silicone may also be included in the emulsion which assists in releasability. The release material can be sprayed or extruded on to the surface of the shingle in an automated fashion, eliminating the necessity for operator interaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shingle that uses a polyester sheet as a substrate layer. The polyester sheet has a sufficient weight and is needled and formed from two layers to resist shrinking upon cooling after the heated asphalt layers are applied to the polyester substrate sheet 102. In addition, additives may be included in the asphalt to lower the softening point temperature of the asphalt that further reduces shrinking of the polyester substrate 102 or allows other polymers that are more fire retardant to be used. Fire retardants can be placed in the polyester sheet fibers, placed in the bonding agent for the polyester fibers, or the polyester sheet can be coated with the fire retardant. Alternatively, or in addition to treating the polyester sheet 102 with fire retardant, fire retardant materials such as ammonium sulfate can be added to the liquid asphalt prior to application of the asphalt layers.

Abstract: An asphalt shingle having an asphalt-coated substrate sheet with a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a liquid release layer is applied on the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle instead of conventional backing particulates. The liquid release layer may help the shingle proceed through the manufacturing machinery without sticking and may prevent the adhesion of the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle to an adjacent shingle in a stack of shingles upon experiencing a pressure up to around four pounds per square inch, a temperature of around eighty degrees Celsius or below. The liquid release agent may also prevent adhesion of adjacent shingles in a stack at various temperature and pressures for at least fourteen days.

Abstract: An asphalt shingle having an asphalt-coated substrate sheet with a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a liquid release layer is applied on the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle instead of conventional backing particulates. The liquid release layer may help the shingle proceed through the manufacturing machinery without sticking and may prevent the adhesion of the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle to an adjacent shingle in a stack of shingles upon experiencing a pressure up to around four pounds per square inch, a temperature of around eighty degrees Celsius or below. The liquid release agent may also prevent adhesion of adjacent shingles in a stack at various temperature and pressures for at least fourteen days.

Abstract: An asphalt shingle manufacturing machine that includes a curtain die for applying a liquid release layer on an asphalt coated substrate. The moisture of the liquid release layer evaporates leaving a dispersed solid particulate release layer. The curtain die includes a first body section and a second body section with a shim disposed between the body sections to define a distribution channel. The second body section may include chamber manifold defined therein to store a volume of liquid release agent. The distribution channel places the chamber manifold in fluid communication with a discharge outlet of the curtain die in order to disperse a volume of liquid release agent from a chamber manifold out of the discharge outlet. The shim may be configured to define a width of the distribution channel to determine the flow rate and discharge pattern of the liquid release agent.

Abstract: A lightweight roofing shingle comprising a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side wherein a fabric reinforcing layer substantially replaces the bottom asphalt coating and the backing aggregate on the unexposed side of a conventional shingle. The lightweight shingle will have a top asphalt layer applied to the exposed side of the mat and a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt layer opposite the mat per conventional construction, and the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat. In one embodiment, the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat. The reinforcing layer may preferably be a nonwoven fabric made from PET or polypropylene. The lightweight roofing shingle may also include a release tape layer applied to the reinforcing layer opposite the saturated mat.

Abstract: An asphalt shingle having an asphalt-coated substrate sheet with a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a liquid release layer is applied on the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle instead of conventional backing particulates. The liquid release layer may help the shingle proceed through the manufacturing machinery without sticking and may prevent the adhesion of the bottom surface of the asphalt shingle to an adjacent shingle in a stack of shingles upon experiencing a pressure up to around four pounds per square inch, a temperature of around eighty degrees Celsius or below. The liquid release agent may also prevent adhesion of adjacent shingles in a stack at various temperature and pressures for at least fourteen days.

Abstract: A method of making a rolled aluminum product comprises sawing an aluminum ingot so that the ingot is separated into at least two separate aluminum slabs and rolling at least one of the slabs unclad and unbrazed. In some embodiments, the ingot is sawn horizontally, across its face, as so that, the slabs are equal in length to the ingot. In some embodiments, at least one of the slabs is rolled to form a one of a plate, sheet or foil. The rolling can be hot rolling or cold rolling. Some embodiments further comprise scalping the aluminum ingot. In some embodiments, the sawing of the ingot eliminates or reduces the need to scalp the aluminum ingot and scalping is not performed. Some embodiments further comprise sawing curved edges off the aluminum slabs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preventing stroke or reducing the risk of stroke in a patient in need thereof, especially in a patient at risk for a stroke or a secondary stroke, using dipyridamole in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and an angiotensin II antagonist, corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, and the use of dipyridamole for the manufacture of a corresponding pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of dipyridamole, acetyl salicylic acid and an angiotensin II antagonist.

Abstract: A method for data transmission includes forming a notched radio-frequency (RF) burst according to one or more data values, where a bandwidth of the notched RF burst is at least two percent of the center frequency of the notched RF burst. Forming a notched RF pulse includes altering, according to the data, at least one of the amplitude and phase of one or more selected components, where each of the selected components has a bandwidth within the bandwidth of the notched RF burst.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antibody Fab or Fab? fragment to which at least one effector molecule is attached characterized in that the heavy chain in the fragment is not covalently bonded to the light chain and both the interchain cysteine of CL and the interchain cysteine of CH1 have been replaced with another amino acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an Ecoli host cell expressing a recombinant antibody characterized in that the Ecoli host cell has been genetically modified in order to change at least one physical property of one or more Ecoli proteins which in the wild type copurify with said recombinant antibody.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new class of antibody fragments including antibody Fab and Fab? fragments in which the heavy chain is not covalently bonded to the light chain and two or more effector molecules are attached to the fragment, of which at least one of said molecules is attached to a cysteine in the heavy or light chain constant region.