POLYMAT SHINGLE
Disclosed is a shingle that uses a polyester sheet as a substrate layer. The polyester sheet has a sufficient weight and is needled and formed from two layers to resist shrinking upon cooling after the heated asphalt layers are applied to the polyester substrate sheet 102. In addition, additives may be included in the asphalt to lower the softening point temperature of the asphalt that further reduces shrinking of the polyester substrate 102 or allows other polymers that are more fire retardant to be used. Fire retardants can be placed in the polyester sheet fibers, placed in the bonding agent for the polyester fibers, or the polyester sheet can be coated with the fire retardant. Alternatively, or in addition to treating the polyester sheet 102 with fire retardant, fire retardant materials such as ammonium sulfate can be added to the liquid asphalt prior to application of the asphalt layers.
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This Non-Provisional patent application claims the benefit of the Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 62/628,141, entitled “Polymat Shingle,” which was filed with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office on Feb. 8, 2018, which is specifically incorporated herein by reference for all that it discloses and teaches.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONShingle technology has advanced greatly over the past few decades. Roof shingles provide protection for houses and buildings to prevent leakage of rain water into the interior of the building. Various types of materials have been used to make shingles including asphalt and other materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn embodiment of the present invention may therefore comprise a method of making a roofing shingle comprising: forming a non-woven polyester sheet having a mass of at least 65 grams per square meter; coating the non-woven polyester sheet with a fire retardant; heating asphalt to a liquid state; applying the asphalt in the liquid state to a first side of the polyester sheet and to a second side of the polyester sheet; allowing the asphalt to cool in ambient air.
The present invention may further comprise a method of making an impact resistant roofing shingle comprising: forming a porous polyester sheet having a mass of at least 65 grams per square meter that is made from a plurality of extruded viscoelastic polyester fibers that are entangled using a needle punch process and fused together using heat and pressure; heating asphalt to a liquid state to create liquid asphalt; mixing a fire retardant with the liquid asphalt to form a fire retardant asphalt; applying the fire retardant asphalt to both a top surface and a bottom surface of the porous polyester sheet; applying granules and fines to the fire retardant asphalt to form a shingle material.
The present invention may further comprise a method of making an impact resistant and fire retardant roofing material comprising: mixing polyester and a fire retardant in a dry state; heating the polyester and the fire retardant to form a fire retardant and polyester liquid; extruding the fire retardant polyester liquid to form a plurality of extruded fire retardant polyester fibers; entangling the resulting fire retardant polyester fibers through a needle punch process to create at least one layer of intertwined, non-woven, polyester fibers; calendering the at least one layer of intertwined, non-woven, polyester layer by passing the polyester layer through a heated calender roll to form a porous fire retardant polyester sheet; heating asphalt to a liquid state to create liquid asphalt; applying the liquid asphalt to both a top surface and a bottom surface of the porous, fire retardant polyester sheet; applying granules and fines to the asphalt to form the impact resistant roofing material.
The present invention may further comprise a system for making an impact resistant polyester roofing shingle comprising: a non-woven, two layer polyester sheet that is made from a plurality of extruded polyester fibers that are entangled in a needle punch process and fused together by passing the polyester layer through heated calender rolls to form a porous polyester sheet; a heated asphalt mixer that mixes a fire retardant material with a heated, liquid asphalt to create a fire retardant liquid asphalt; coaters that coat the non-woven, two layer polyester sheet with the fire retardant liquid asphalt on both a top surface and a bottom surface of the non-woven, two layer polyester sheet to form an asphalt coated polyester sheet; a granule applicator that applies granules to the asphalt coated polyester sheet; a fines applicator that applies fines to the asphalt coated polyester sheet.
The present invention may further comprise a system for making an impact resistant polyester roofing shingle material comprising: a mixer that mixes polyester with a fire retardant to form a fire retardant, polyester dry mix; an extruder that heats the fire retardant, polyester dry mix to form a fire retardant, polyester liquid; a metering pump and spinneret system that extrudes the fire retardant, polyester liquid to form a plurality of extruded fire retardant polyester fibers; a needling machine that entangles the fire retardant polyester fibers to create at least one layer of intertwined, non-woven, polyester fibers; a calender roll process that compresses and heats the layer of entangled, non-woven, polyester fibers to form a porous polyester sheet; coaters that coat the porous polyester sheet with liquid asphalt.
The polyester sheet 102 provides impact resistance for the shingle. Damage to standard shingles that use fiberglass substrates occurs since the fiberglass is brittle and breaks when impacted by an object such as a hail stone. When the fiberglass substrate is broken the structural integrity of the shingle is compromised. The use of a polyester substrate, which is malleable and can deflect impact stress without breaking, provides a high degree of impact resistance. Of course, a sufficient thickness of non-woven fused polyester sheet material must be used to provide an adequate substrate. In that regard, a thickness of at least 65 grams per square meter must be utilized to provide an adequate non-woven polyester substrate that is capable of providing sufficient impact resistance to maintain the structural integrity of the shingle for impacts normally encountered by shingles. Various patents have addressed the issue of impact resistance, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,571,596, 6,228,785, 6,709,994, 7,442,658, 7,670,668, 8,226,790, 9,010,058, all of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference for all that they disclose and teach. Further, polyester mat substrates have been mentioned in U.S. Patent Publication 2015/0240494 but does not address the manner in which various problems, such as shrinkage, can be overcome. U.S. Pat. No. 6,207,593 discloses an asphalt coated mat and U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,248 discloses a bituminized roof sheet.
In some cases, the polyester sheet 102 may have a tendency to shrink slightly when cooling after the hot liquid asphalt of the asphalt layers 104, 106 is applied to the polyester sheet 102. This can be ameliorated by using a double thickness polyester layer as the polyester sheet 102, as disclosed in greater detail in
Essentially, the pulling forces can be minimized during and after the application of the asphalt to the polyester sheets by operating the rollers located in the feeder 142 that advances the polyester sheets and the rollers that advance the polyester rolls in the feeder 143 so that they spin slightly faster than the rollers that advance the polyester sheets and/or polyester roll material through the asphalt top coater 144 and the asphalt bottom coater 146, as well as the granule applicator 156 and the fines applicator 160. When operating at high production speeds, there tends to be more pulling and as a result, more stretching of the heated polyester sheets. To ameliorate this problem, operating the rollers and the feeders 142, 143 just slightly faster tends to push the polyester sheets and polyester roll material through the asphalt top coater 144, asphalt bottom coater 146, granule applicator 156 and fines applicator 160, so that there is less pulling of the polyester sheets and, consequently, less lateral shrinkage of the polyester sheets. In addition, and as disclosed below, additives can be used to adjust the softening point temperature, softness and other parameters of the asphalt, so that the asphalt is applied by the asphalt top coater 144 (
Referring again to
As also disclosed in
The bonding agent 127 is normally applied with the fire retardant at step 132. The bonding agent 127 assists in bonding the fibrous layers to form the single polyester sheet. The bonding agent 127 may comprise an acrylic resin binder that may include a fire retardant binding agent that protects the filaments and reduces shrinking such as SBS 934, which is a melamine solution, available from Royal Adhesive of Simpsonville, South Carolina, or Astromel NW 3A, available from Hexion, Inc. of Columbus, Ohio. The single polyester sheet is then cooled at step 130. A separate application of fire retardant can optionally be applied at step 132. Step 132 is an optional step in which fire retardant such as SVEE 76 from Royal Adhesive, of Simpsonville, S.C., is applied to the polyester sheet by spraying the fire retardant on to the polyester sheet or moving the polyester sheet through a bath. The polyester sheet is then dried at step 134 and cut at step 136. The polyester sheets can then be cut into the size of a shingle, such as shingle 100 and then stacked at step 138. Since the polyester sheets 102 are cut into the size of a shingle, there is less shrinkage because of the smaller size of the polyester sheet 102. Alternatively, the large sheets of polyester can simply be rolled up into large rolls at step 135 after drying at step 134. The large rolls can then be used with the shingle forming apparatus 140, illustrated in
The additives 152 are used to adjust the softening point temperature, softness and other parameters of the asphalt 150. The additives may include the additives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,598,610 issued Mar. 21, 2017 to Hilsenbeck entitled “Asphalt Upgrading Without Oxidation” which is specifically incorporated herein for all that it discloses and teaches. For example, various waxes as well as napthenic oils, and other compounds, can be added to the asphalt to lower the softening point temperature so that the asphalt and the heated asphalt vat and mixer can be melted at a lower temperature which reduces the amount of shrinking of the polyester sheets 142 when the coated polyester sheets 142 are cooled.
Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a specialty technology which is directed to reduction of the temperatures at which the asphalt softening point temperature and viscosity are reduced. The addition of certain waxes such as Sasobit, which is a Fisher-Tropsch paraffin wax, and Asphaltan B, which is a low molecular weight, esterified wax, can be used to reduce softening point temperature and viscosity. Also, synthetic zeolite sold under the trade name Aspha-Min, and two component binder systems, such as WAM-Foam is a soft binder and a hard foam binder that is added at different stages during the production of the asphalt. An asphalt emulsion product called Evotherm uses chemical additive technology and a dispersed asphalt technology delivery system. These technologies reduce the viscosity of the asphalt binder at given temperatures. Aspha-Min is available from Eurovia Services GmbH, Bottrop, Germany. WAM-Foam is available from Shell International Petroleum Company Ltd., London, UK and Kolo-Veidekke, Oslo, Norway. Sasobit is available from various suppliers including Sasol Ltd., located in Johannesburg, South Africa. Evotherm is a product developed by MeadWestvaco Asphalt Innovations, Charleston, S.C. Advera WMA is available from PQ Corporation, Malvern, Pa. Asphaltan B is a product available from Romonta GmbH, Amsdorf, Germany. In addition, it should be noted that different asphalts have different viscosity profiles and an asphalt having a lower temperature for a given viscosity can be selected to produce these shingles. In addition, oxidizing technologies can be used with the asphalt to lower the viscosity of the asphalt for a given temperature. It is also possible to use other polymer filaments with lower melting temperatures, assuming that the asphalt softening temperature can be sufficiently reduced, such as polyolefin and polypropylene. Other polymers can also be used to form a substrate that is fire retardant.
As also shown in
As further shown in
The present invention therefore provides a shingle that uses a polyester sheet 100 that is coated with asphalt layers on each side. The polyester sheet 102 has high impact resistance, since impacts to the shingle 100 are absorbed by the polyester sheet 102 that is more malleable than a standard fiber glass substrate. Fiber glass substrates tend to be brittle and break when impacted, such as impacts from hail storms. Fire retardant can be placed in the fibers of the polyester sheet 102 or the polyester sheet can be bonded with a bonding agent that includes a fire retardant. In addition, fire retardant can be applied to the finished polyester sheet 102. Fire retardant can also be mixed with the asphalt that is applied as asphalt layers 104, 106. The fire retardant in the asphalt layers 104, 106 can be in addition to or in place of the fire retardant that is in the polyester fibers or placed on the polyester sheet 102. In this manner, an impact resistant and fire retardant shingle can be formed having a polyester sheet substrate layer.
Claims
1. A method of making a roofing shingle comprising:
- forming a non-woven polyester sheet having a mass of at least 65 grams per square meter;
- coating said non-woven polyester sheet with a fire retardant;
- heating asphalt to a liquid state;
- applying said asphalt in said liquid state to a first side of said polyester sheet and to a second side of said polyester sheet;
- allowing said asphalt to cool in ambient air.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
- mixing additives with said asphalt in said liquid state to reduce the equiviscous temperature of said asphalt.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said process of mixing additives comprises mixing napthenic oil with said asphalt.
4. A method of making an impact resistant roofing shingle comprising:
- forming a porous polyester sheet having a mass of at least 65 grams per square meter that is made from a plurality of extruded viscoelastic polyester fibers that are entangled using a needle punch process and fused together using heat and pressure;
- heating asphalt to a liquid state to create liquid asphalt;
- mixing a fire retardant with said liquid asphalt to form a fire retardant asphalt;
- applying said fire retardant asphalt to both a top surface and a bottom surface of said porous polyester sheet;
- applying granules and fines to said fire retardant asphalt to form a shingle material.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said step of mixing a fire retardant with said liquid asphalt comprises mixing ammonium sulfate with said liquid asphalt.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
- mixing additives with said liquid asphalt to reduce the equiviscous temperature and decrease viscosity of said asphalt.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said process of mixing additives to said liquid asphalt comprises mixing napthenic oil with said liquid asphalt.
8. A method of making an impact resistant and fire retardant roofing material comprising:
- mixing polyester and a fire retardant in a dry state;
- heating said polyester and said fire retardant to form a fire retardant and polyester liquid;
- extruding said fire retardant polyester liquid to form a plurality of extruded fire retardant polyester fibers;
- entangling the resulting fire retardant polyester fibers through a needle punch process to create at least one layer of intertwined, non-woven, polyester fibers;
- calendering said at least one layer of intertwined, non-woven, polyester layer by passing said polyester layer through a heated calender roll to form a porous fire retardant polyester sheet;
- heating asphalt to a liquid state to create liquid asphalt;
- applying said liquid asphalt to both a top surface and a bottom surface of said porous, fire retardant polyester sheet;
- applying granules and fines to said asphalt to form said impact resistant roofing material.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
- coating said porous fire retardant polyester sheet with a fire retardant material.
10. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
- mixing a fire retardant with said liquid asphalt.
11. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
- mixing additives with said liquid asphalt to lower the softening point temperature and decrease viscosity of said liquid asphalt.
12. A system for making an impact resistant polyester roofing shingle comprising:
- a non-woven, two layer polyester sheet that is made from a plurality of extruded polyester fibers that are entangled in a needle punch process and fused together by passing said polyester layer through heated calender rolls to form a porous polyester sheet;
- a heated asphalt mixer that mixes a fire retardant material with a heated, liquid asphalt to create a fire retardant liquid asphalt;
- coaters that coat said non-woven, two layer polyester sheet with said fire retardant liquid asphalt on both a top surface and a bottom surface of said non-woven, two layer polyester sheet to form an asphalt coated polyester sheet;
- a granule applicator that applies granules to said asphalt coated polyester sheet;
- a fines applicator that applies fines to said asphalt coated polyester sheet.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein said heated asphalt mixer mixes at least one additive to lower the softening point temperature and decrease the viscosity of said asphalt.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein said additive is napthenic oil.
15. The system of claim 12 wherein said fire retardant is ammonium sulfate.
16. A system for making an impact resistant polyester roofing shingle material comprising:
- a mixer that mixes polyester with a fire retardant to form a fire retardant, polyester dry mix;
- an extruder that heats said fire retardant, polyester dry mix to form a fire retardant, polyester liquid;
- a metering pump and spinneret system that extrudes said fire retardant, polyester liquid to form a plurality of extruded fire retardant polyester fibers;
- a needle machine that entangles said fire retardant polyester fibers to create at least one layer of entangled, non-woven, polyester fibers;
- a calender roll process that compresses and heats said layer of entangled, non-woven, polyester fibers to form a porous polyester sheet;
- coaters that coat said porous polyester sheet with liquid asphalt.
17. The system of claim 16 further comprising:
- a heated asphalt mixer that mixes at least one additive with said liquid asphalt to lower the softening point temperature and decrease the viscosity of said liquid asphalt.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 5, 2019
Publication Date: Aug 8, 2019
Applicant: TAMKO Building Products, LLC (Joplin, MO)
Inventor: David Humphreys (Joplin, MO)
Application Number: 16/268,265